Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-129

Allowed

Improper Validation of Array Index

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses untrusted input when calculating or using an array index, but the product does not validate or incorrectly validates the index to ensure the index references a valid position within the array.

746 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-52XQ-J7V9-V4V2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-07 17:27 – Updated: 2024-11-22 20:46
VLAI
Summary
Vyper negative array index bounds checks
Details

Summary

Arrays can be keyed by a signed integer, while they are defined for unsigned integers only. The typechecker doesn't throw when spotting the usage of an int as an index for an array. Typically, negative integers are filtered out at runtime by the bounds checker, but small enough (i.e. large in magnitude, ex. -2**255 + 5) quantities combined with large enough arrays (at least 2**255 in length) can pass the bounds checker, resulting in unexpected behavior.

A contract search was performed, and no production contracts were found to be impacted.

Details

The typechecker allows the usage of signed integers to be used as indexes to arrays. The vulnerability is present in different forms in all versions. Here is an example from 0.3.10: https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/blob/c150fc49ee9375a930d177044559b83cb95f7963/vyper/semantics/types/subscriptable.py#L127-L137

As can be seen, the validation is performed against IntegerT.any().

PoC

If the array is sufficiently large, it can be indexed with a negative value:

arr: public(uint256[MAX_UINT256])

@external
def set(idx: int256, num: uint256):
    self.arr[idx] = num

For signed integers, the 2's complement representation is used. Because the array was declared very large, the bounds checking will pass (negative values will simply be represented as very large numbers): https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/blob/a1fd228cb9936c3e4bbca6f3ee3fb4426ef45490/vyper/codegen/core.py#L534-L541

Patches

Patched in https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/pull/3817.

Impact

There are two potential vulnerability classes: unpredictable behavior and accessing inaccessible elements.

  1. If it is possible to index an array with a negative integer without reverting, this is most likely not anticipated by the developer and such accesses can cause unpredictable behavior for the contract.

  2. If a contract has an invariant in the form assert index < x where both index and x are signed integers, the developer might suppose that no elements on indexes y | y >= x are accessible. However, by using negative indexes this can be bypassed.

The contract search found no production contracts impacted by these two classes of issues.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "vyper"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.4.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-24563"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-129"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-07T17:27:58Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-07T17:15:10Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nArrays can be keyed by a signed integer, while they are defined for unsigned integers only. The typechecker doesn\u0027t throw when spotting the usage of an `int` as an index for an array. Typically, negative integers are filtered out at runtime by the bounds checker, but small enough (i.e. large in magnitude, ex. `-2**255 + 5`) quantities combined with large enough arrays (at least `2**255` in length) can pass the bounds checker, resulting in unexpected behavior.\n\nA contract search was performed, and no production contracts were found to be impacted.\n\n### Details\nThe typechecker allows the usage of signed integers to be used as indexes to arrays. The vulnerability is present in different forms in all versions. Here is an example from `0.3.10`:\nhttps://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/blob/c150fc49ee9375a930d177044559b83cb95f7963/vyper/semantics/types/subscriptable.py#L127-L137\n\nAs can be seen, the validation is performed against `IntegerT.any()`.\n\n### PoC\nIf the array is sufficiently large, it can be indexed with a negative value:\n```python\narr: public(uint256[MAX_UINT256])\n\n@external\ndef set(idx: int256, num: uint256):\n    self.arr[idx] = num\n```\nFor signed integers, the 2\u0027s complement representation is used. Because the array was declared very large, the bounds checking will pass (negative values will simply be represented as very large numbers):\nhttps://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/blob/a1fd228cb9936c3e4bbca6f3ee3fb4426ef45490/vyper/codegen/core.py#L534-L541\n\n### Patches\nPatched in https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/pull/3817.\n\n### Impact\nThere are two potential vulnerability classes: unpredictable behavior and accessing inaccessible elements.\n\n1. If it is possible to index an array with a negative integer without reverting, this is most likely not anticipated by the developer and such accesses can cause unpredictable behavior for the contract.\n\n2. If a contract has an invariant in the form `assert index \u003c x` where both `index` and `x` are signed integers, the developer might suppose that no elements on indexes `y | y \u003e= x` are accessible. However, by using negative indexes this can be bypassed.\n\nThe contract search found no production contracts impacted by these two classes of issues.",
  "id": "GHSA-52xq-j7v9-v4v2",
  "modified": "2024-11-22T20:46:17Z",
  "published": "2024-02-07T17:27:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/security/advisories/GHSA-52xq-j7v9-v4v2"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-24563"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/vyper/PYSEC-2024-150.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/blob/a1fd228cb9936c3e4bbca6f3ee3fb4426ef45490/vyper/codegen/core.py#L534-L541"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/blob/c150fc49ee9375a930d177044559b83cb95f7963/vyper/semantics/types/subscriptable.py#L127-L137"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Vyper negative array index bounds checks"
}

GHSA-53JX-J2FR-5QGX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:33 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:33
VLAI
Details

u'Buffer overflow occurs while processing SIP message packet due to lack of check of index validation before copying into it' in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Wearables in Agatti, APQ8053, APQ8096AU, APQ8098, Bitra, Kamorta, MSM8905, MSM8909W, MSM8917, MSM8940, MSM8953, MSM8996AU, MSM8998, Nicobar, QCA6390, QCA6574AU, QCM2150, QCS605, QM215, Rennell, SA6155P, SA8155P, Saipan, SDA660, SDM429, SDM429W, SDM439, SDM450, SDM630, SDM632, SDM636, SDM660, SDM670, SDM710, SDM845, SM6150, SM7150, SM8150, SM8250, SXR1130, SXR2130

Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-3654"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-129"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-11-02T07:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "u\u0027Buffer overflow occurs while processing SIP message packet due to lack of check of index validation before copying into it\u0027 in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Wearables in Agatti, APQ8053, APQ8096AU, APQ8098, Bitra, Kamorta, MSM8905, MSM8909W, MSM8917, MSM8940, MSM8953, MSM8996AU, MSM8998, Nicobar, QCA6390, QCA6574AU, QCM2150, QCS605, QM215, Rennell, SA6155P, SA8155P, Saipan, SDA660, SDM429, SDM429W, SDM439, SDM450, SDM630, SDM632, SDM636, SDM660, SDM670, SDM710, SDM845, SM6150, SM7150, SM8150, SM8250, SXR1130, SXR2130",
  "id": "GHSA-53jx-j2fr-5qgx",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:33:02Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:33:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3654"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/october-2020-bulletin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/october-2020-security-bulletin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-54RC-P2RV-38V3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-15 15:31 – Updated: 2025-12-04 15:30
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ata: ahci: Match EM_MAX_SLOTS with SATA_PMP_MAX_PORTS

UBSAN complains about array-index-out-of-bounds: [ 1.980703] kernel: UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in /build/linux-9H675w/linux-5.15.0/drivers/ata/libahci.c:968:41 [ 1.980709] kernel: index 15 is out of range for type 'ahci_em_priv [8]' [ 1.980713] kernel: CPU: 0 PID: 209 Comm: scsi_eh_8 Not tainted 5.15.0-25-generic #25-Ubuntu [ 1.980716] kernel: Hardware name: System manufacturer System Product Name/P5Q3, BIOS 1102 06/11/2010 [ 1.980718] kernel: Call Trace: [ 1.980721] kernel: [ 1.980723] kernel: show_stack+0x52/0x58 [ 1.980729] kernel: dump_stack_lvl+0x4a/0x5f [ 1.980734] kernel: dump_stack+0x10/0x12 [ 1.980736] kernel: ubsan_epilogue+0x9/0x45 [ 1.980739] kernel: __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds.cold+0x44/0x49 [ 1.980742] kernel: ahci_qc_issue+0x166/0x170 [libahci] [ 1.980748] kernel: ata_qc_issue+0x135/0x240 [ 1.980752] kernel: ata_exec_internal_sg+0x2c4/0x580 [ 1.980754] kernel: ? vprintk_default+0x1d/0x20 [ 1.980759] kernel: ata_exec_internal+0x67/0xa0 [ 1.980762] kernel: sata_pmp_read+0x8d/0xc0 [ 1.980765] kernel: sata_pmp_read_gscr+0x3c/0x90 [ 1.980768] kernel: sata_pmp_attach+0x8b/0x310 [ 1.980771] kernel: ata_eh_revalidate_and_attach+0x28c/0x4b0 [ 1.980775] kernel: ata_eh_recover+0x6b6/0xb30 [ 1.980778] kernel: ? ahci_do_hardreset+0x180/0x180 [libahci] [ 1.980783] kernel: ? ahci_stop_engine+0xb0/0xb0 [libahci] [ 1.980787] kernel: ? ahci_do_softreset+0x290/0x290 [libahci] [ 1.980792] kernel: ? trace_event_raw_event_ata_eh_link_autopsy_qc+0xe0/0xe0 [ 1.980795] kernel: sata_pmp_eh_recover.isra.0+0x214/0x560 [ 1.980799] kernel: sata_pmp_error_handler+0x23/0x40 [ 1.980802] kernel: ahci_error_handler+0x43/0x80 [libahci] [ 1.980806] kernel: ata_scsi_port_error_handler+0x2b1/0x600 [ 1.980810] kernel: ata_scsi_error+0x9c/0xd0 [ 1.980813] kernel: scsi_error_handler+0xa1/0x180 [ 1.980817] kernel: ? scsi_unjam_host+0x1c0/0x1c0 [ 1.980820] kernel: kthread+0x12a/0x150 [ 1.980823] kernel: ? set_kthread_struct+0x50/0x50 [ 1.980826] kernel: ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30 [ 1.980831] kernel:

This happens because sata_pmp_init_links() initialize link->pmp up to SATA_PMP_MAX_PORTS while em_priv is declared as 8 elements array.

I can't find the maximum Enclosure Management ports specified in AHCI spec v1.3.1, but "12.2.1 LED message type" states that "Port Multiplier Information" can utilize 4 bits, which implies it can support up to 16 ports. Hence, use SATA_PMP_MAX_PORTS as EM_MAX_SLOTS to resolve the issue.

BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1970074

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-50315"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-129"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-15T15:15:43Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nata: ahci: Match EM_MAX_SLOTS with SATA_PMP_MAX_PORTS\n\nUBSAN complains about array-index-out-of-bounds:\n[ 1.980703] kernel: UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in /build/linux-9H675w/linux-5.15.0/drivers/ata/libahci.c:968:41\n[ 1.980709] kernel: index 15 is out of range for type \u0027ahci_em_priv [8]\u0027\n[ 1.980713] kernel: CPU: 0 PID: 209 Comm: scsi_eh_8 Not tainted 5.15.0-25-generic #25-Ubuntu\n[ 1.980716] kernel: Hardware name: System manufacturer System Product Name/P5Q3, BIOS 1102 06/11/2010\n[ 1.980718] kernel: Call Trace:\n[ 1.980721] kernel: \u003cTASK\u003e\n[ 1.980723] kernel: show_stack+0x52/0x58\n[ 1.980729] kernel: dump_stack_lvl+0x4a/0x5f\n[ 1.980734] kernel: dump_stack+0x10/0x12\n[ 1.980736] kernel: ubsan_epilogue+0x9/0x45\n[ 1.980739] kernel: __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds.cold+0x44/0x49\n[ 1.980742] kernel: ahci_qc_issue+0x166/0x170 [libahci]\n[ 1.980748] kernel: ata_qc_issue+0x135/0x240\n[ 1.980752] kernel: ata_exec_internal_sg+0x2c4/0x580\n[ 1.980754] kernel: ? vprintk_default+0x1d/0x20\n[ 1.980759] kernel: ata_exec_internal+0x67/0xa0\n[ 1.980762] kernel: sata_pmp_read+0x8d/0xc0\n[ 1.980765] kernel: sata_pmp_read_gscr+0x3c/0x90\n[ 1.980768] kernel: sata_pmp_attach+0x8b/0x310\n[ 1.980771] kernel: ata_eh_revalidate_and_attach+0x28c/0x4b0\n[ 1.980775] kernel: ata_eh_recover+0x6b6/0xb30\n[ 1.980778] kernel: ? ahci_do_hardreset+0x180/0x180 [libahci]\n[ 1.980783] kernel: ? ahci_stop_engine+0xb0/0xb0 [libahci]\n[ 1.980787] kernel: ? ahci_do_softreset+0x290/0x290 [libahci]\n[ 1.980792] kernel: ? trace_event_raw_event_ata_eh_link_autopsy_qc+0xe0/0xe0\n[ 1.980795] kernel: sata_pmp_eh_recover.isra.0+0x214/0x560\n[ 1.980799] kernel: sata_pmp_error_handler+0x23/0x40\n[ 1.980802] kernel: ahci_error_handler+0x43/0x80 [libahci]\n[ 1.980806] kernel: ata_scsi_port_error_handler+0x2b1/0x600\n[ 1.980810] kernel: ata_scsi_error+0x9c/0xd0\n[ 1.980813] kernel: scsi_error_handler+0xa1/0x180\n[ 1.980817] kernel: ? scsi_unjam_host+0x1c0/0x1c0\n[ 1.980820] kernel: kthread+0x12a/0x150\n[ 1.980823] kernel: ? set_kthread_struct+0x50/0x50\n[ 1.980826] kernel: ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30\n[ 1.980831] kernel: \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nThis happens because sata_pmp_init_links() initialize link-\u003epmp up to\nSATA_PMP_MAX_PORTS while em_priv is declared as 8 elements array.\n\nI can\u0027t find the maximum Enclosure Management ports specified in AHCI\nspec v1.3.1, but \"12.2.1 LED message type\" states that \"Port Multiplier\nInformation\" can utilize 4 bits, which implies it can support up to 16\nports. Hence, use SATA_PMP_MAX_PORTS as EM_MAX_SLOTS to resolve the\nissue.\n\nBugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1970074",
  "id": "GHSA-54rc-p2rv-38v3",
  "modified": "2025-12-04T15:30:30Z",
  "published": "2025-09-15T15:31:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-50315"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1e41e693f458eef2d5728207dbd327cd3b16580a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/303d0f761431d848dd8d7ff9fd9b8c101879cabe"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/383b7c50f5445ff8dbbf03080905648d6980c39d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/67a00c299c5c143817c948fbc7de1a2fa1af38fb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8fbe13de1cc7cef2564be3cbf60400b33eee023b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d6314d5f68764550c84d732ce901ddd3ac6b415f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/da2ea4a961d9f89ed248734e7032350c260dc3a3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f70bd4339cb68bc7e206af4c922bc0d249244403"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-565P-X8WP-967P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-24 00:00
VLAI
Details

Multiple code execution vulnerabilities exists in the Nef polygon-parsing functionality of CGAL libcgal CGAL-5.1.1. A specially crafted malformed file can lead to an out-of-bounds read and type confusion, which could lead to code execution. An attacker can provide malicious input to trigger any of these vulnerabilities. An oob read vulnerability exists in Nef_S2/SM_io_parser.h SM_io_parser::read_vertex() set_first_out_edge().

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-28611"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125",
      "CWE-129"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-18T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple code execution vulnerabilities exists in the Nef polygon-parsing functionality of CGAL libcgal CGAL-5.1.1. A specially crafted malformed file can lead to an out-of-bounds read and type confusion, which could lead to code execution. An attacker can provide malicious input to trigger any of these vulnerabilities. An oob read vulnerability exists in Nef_S2/SM_io_parser.h SM_io_parser\u003cDecorator_\u003e::read_vertex() set_first_out_edge().",
  "id": "GHSA-565p-x8wp-967p",
  "modified": "2022-04-24T00:00:32Z",
  "published": "2022-04-19T00:00:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28611"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/12/msg00011.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-34"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-1225"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-56Q7-CVH5-MQ2R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-27 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:31
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

jfs: add a check to prevent array-index-out-of-bounds in dbAdjTree

When the value of lp is 0 at the beginning of the for loop, it will become negative in the next assignment and we should bail out.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-56595"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-129"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-27T15:15:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\njfs: add a check to prevent array-index-out-of-bounds in dbAdjTree\n\nWhen the value of lp is 0 at the beginning of the for loop, it will\nbecome negative in the next assignment and we should bail out.",
  "id": "GHSA-56q7-cvh5-mq2r",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:31:53Z",
  "published": "2024-12-27T15:31:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56595"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/368a533152220b0a6f1142327d96c6b6361f3002"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3b5d21b56c3774bc84eab0a93aaac22a4475e2c4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/491487eeddccc4bb49f2e59d8c8f35bec89c15ca"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a4311bbde702362fe7412045d06ab6767235dac"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a174706ba4dad895c40b1d2277bade16dfacdcd9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3d408870bc19b794646871bc4c3a5daa66f91c5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b15000bcbecf27e0f7c0f149a409e5b865e28ca2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00001.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00002.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5795-VV4X-P665

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-15 03:30 – Updated: 2026-05-15 03:30
VLAI
Details

Improper validation in Power Management Firmware (PMFW) may allow an attacker with privileges to pass malformed workload arguments when exporting table data from SMU to DRAM potentially resulting in a loss of confidentiality and/or availability.

Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-31309"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-129"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-15T03:16:20Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper validation in Power Management Firmware (PMFW) may allow an attacker with privileges to pass malformed workload arguments when exporting table data from SMU to DRAM potentially resulting in a loss of confidentiality and/or availability.",
  "id": "GHSA-5795-vv4x-p665",
  "modified": "2026-05-15T03:30:36Z",
  "published": "2026-05-15T03:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31309"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/resources/product-security/bulletin/AMD-SB-6027.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-57FC-CR2F-FVRP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:01
VLAI
Details

Improper validation of read and write index of tx and rx fifo`s before using for data copy from fifo can lead to out-of-bound access. in Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice & Music, Snapdragon Wired Infrastructure and Networking in IPQ4019, IPQ8064, IPQ8074, QCS405, SD 665, SD 675, SD 730, SD 855

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-10499"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-129"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-09-30T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper validation of read and write index of tx and rx fifo`s before using for data copy from fifo can lead to out-of-bound access. in Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice \u0026 Music, Snapdragon Wired Infrastructure and Networking in IPQ4019, IPQ8064, IPQ8074, QCS405, SD 665, SD 675, SD 730, SD 855",
  "id": "GHSA-57fc-cr2f-fvrp",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:01:16Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:57:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10499"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.codeaurora.org/security-bulletin/2019/08/05/august-2019-code-aurora-security-bulletin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-58J4-6QW5-X8F7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-24 00:00
VLAI
Details

Multiple code execution vulnerabilities exists in the Nef polygon-parsing functionality of CGAL libcgal CGAL-5.1.1. A specially crafted malformed file can lead to an out-of-bounds read and type confusion, which could lead to code execution. An attacker can provide malicious input to trigger any of these vulnerabilities. An oob read vulnerability exists in Nef_S2/SNC_io_parser.h SNC_io_parser::read_sface() SD.link_as_face_cycle().

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-35631"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125",
      "CWE-129"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-18T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple code execution vulnerabilities exists in the Nef polygon-parsing functionality of CGAL libcgal CGAL-5.1.1. A specially crafted malformed file can lead to an out-of-bounds read and type confusion, which could lead to code execution. An attacker can provide malicious input to trigger any of these vulnerabilities. An oob read vulnerability exists in Nef_S2/SNC_io_parser.h SNC_io_parser\u003cEW\u003e::read_sface() SD.link_as_face_cycle().",
  "id": "GHSA-58j4-6qw5-x8f7",
  "modified": "2022-04-24T00:00:30Z",
  "published": "2022-04-19T00:00:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-35631"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/12/msg00011.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-34"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-1225"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-58V5-WJ5R-7VMX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-03 00:30 – Updated: 2025-08-03 00:30
VLAI
Details

NVIDIA Display Driver for Windows and Linux contains a vulnerability where an attacker might cause an improper index validation by issuing a call with crafted parameters. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to data tampering  or denial of service.

Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-23278"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-129"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-02T22:15:44Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "NVIDIA Display Driver for Windows and Linux contains a vulnerability where an attacker might cause an improper index validation by issuing a call with crafted parameters. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to data tampering \u00a0or denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-58v5-wj5r-7vmx",
  "modified": "2025-08-03T00:30:23Z",
  "published": "2025-08-03T00:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23278"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5670"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-58VR-F4X9-3H36

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:31
VLAI
Details

RARLAB WinRAR Recovery Volume Improper Validation of Array Index Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of RARLAB WinRAR. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the processing of recovery volumes. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a memory access past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21233.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-40477"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-129"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T03:15:20Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "RARLAB WinRAR Recovery Volume Improper Validation of Array Index Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of RARLAB WinRAR. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the processing of recovery volumes. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a memory access past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21233.",
  "id": "GHSA-58vr-f4x9-3h36",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T21:31:29Z",
  "published": "2024-05-03T03:30:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40477"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/11/msg00009.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.win-rar.com/singlenewsview.html?\u0026L=0\u0026tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=232\u0026cHash=c5bf79590657e32554c6683296a8e8aa"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1152"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation MIT-7
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Input Validation

Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
  • For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
  • Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

  • Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, Ada allows the programmer to constrain the values of a variable and languages such as Java and Ruby will allow the programmer to handle exceptions when an out-of-bounds index is accessed.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When accessing a user-controlled array index, use a stringent range of values that are within the target array. Make sure that you do not allow negative values to be used. That is, verify the minimum as well as the maximum of the range of acceptable values.
Mitigation MIT-35
Implementation

Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers

Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.

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