CWE-117
AllowedImproper Output Neutralization for Logs
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs a log message from external input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements when the message is written to a log file.
193 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7G2V-JJ9Q-G3RG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-12 19:18 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:32Summary
Rack::CommonLogger can be exploited by crafting input that includes newline characters to manipulate log entries. The supplied proof-of-concept demonstrates injecting malicious content into logs.
Details
When a user provides the authorization credentials via Rack::Auth::Basic, if success, the username will be put in env['REMOTE_USER'] and later be used by Rack::CommonLogger for logging purposes.
The issue occurs when a server intentionally or unintentionally allows a user creation with the username contain CRLF and white space characters, or the server just want to log every login attempts. If an attacker enters a username with CRLF character, the logger will log the malicious username with CRLF characters into the logfile.
Impact
Attackers can break log formats or insert fraudulent entries, potentially obscuring real activity or injecting malicious data into log files.
Mitigation
- Update to the latest version of Rack.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "rack"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "rack"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "rack"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.1"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-25184"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-117",
"CWE-93"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-02-12T19:18:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-12T17:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\n`Rack::CommonLogger` can be exploited by crafting input that includes newline characters to manipulate log entries. The supplied proof-of-concept demonstrates injecting malicious content into logs.\n\n## Details\n\nWhen a user provides the authorization credentials via `Rack::Auth::Basic`, if success, the username will be put in `env[\u0027REMOTE_USER\u0027]` and later be used by `Rack::CommonLogger` for logging purposes.\n\nThe issue occurs when a server intentionally or unintentionally allows a user creation with the username contain CRLF and white space characters, or the server just want to log every login attempts. If an attacker enters a username with CRLF character, the logger will log the malicious username with CRLF characters into the logfile.\n\n## Impact\n\nAttackers can break log formats or insert fraudulent entries, potentially obscuring real activity or injecting malicious data into log files.\n\n## Mitigation\n\n- Update to the latest version of Rack.",
"id": "GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg",
"modified": "2025-11-04T00:32:20Z",
"published": "2025-02-12T19:18:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/074ae244430cda05c27ca91cda699709cfb3ad8e"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-25184.yml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00016.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Possible Log Injection in Rack::CommonLogger"
}
GHSA-7M5M-884P-FV5R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-10 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-10 18:31In Splunk SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response) versions below 8.5.0, an unauthenticated attacker could inject American National Standards Institute (ANSI) escape codes into SOAR application log files through specially crafted HTTP request paths, which a terminal emulator might interpret when an administrator views the logs.
The injection is possible because SOAR does not strip control characters from HTTP request paths before writing them to application logs.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20260"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-117"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-10T18:16:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Splunk SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response) versions below 8.5.0, an unauthenticated attacker could inject American National Standards Institute (ANSI) escape codes into SOAR application log files through specially crafted HTTP request paths, which a terminal emulator might interpret when an administrator views the logs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe injection is possible because SOAR does not strip control characters from HTTP request paths before writing them to application logs.",
"id": "GHSA-7m5m-884p-fv5r",
"modified": "2026-06-10T18:31:46Z",
"published": "2026-06-10T18:31:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://advisory.splunk.com/advisories/SVD-2026-0611"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7M8C-9M95-H39F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-20 06:31 – Updated: 2025-03-11 15:30IBM OpenPages with Watson 8.3 and 9.0 may write improperly neutralized data to server log files when the tracing is enabled per the System Tracing feature.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49355"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-117"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-20T04:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM OpenPages with Watson 8.3 and 9.0\u00a0may write improperly neutralized data to server log files when the tracing is enabled per the System Tracing feature.",
"id": "GHSA-7m8c-9m95-h39f",
"modified": "2025-03-11T15:30:57Z",
"published": "2025-02-20T06:31:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49355"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7183541"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7MPR-GCJX-JCMW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-22 21:31 – Updated: 2025-11-05 00:31Improper Output Neutralization for Logs vulnerability in Apache Log4cxx.
When using HTMLLayout, logger names are not properly escaped when writing out to the HTML file. If untrusted data is used to retrieve the name of a logger, an attacker could theoretically inject HTML or Javascript in order to hide information from logs or steal data from the user. In order to activate this, the following sequence must occur:
-
Log4cxx is configured to use HTMLLayout.
-
Logger name comes from an untrusted string
-
Logger with compromised name logs a message
-
User opens the generated HTML log file in their browser, leading to potential XSS
Because logger names are generally constant strings, we assess the impact to users as LOW
This issue affects Apache Log4cxx: before 1.5.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.5.0, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54812"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-117"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-22T19:15:39Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Improper Output Neutralization for Logs vulnerability in Apache Log4cxx.\n\n\nWhen using HTMLLayout, logger names are not properly escaped when writing out to the HTML file.\nIf untrusted data is used to retrieve the name of a logger, an attacker could theoretically inject HTML or Javascript in order to hide information from logs or steal data from the user.\nIn order to activate this, the following sequence must occur:\n\n\n\n * Log4cxx is configured to use HTMLLayout.\n\n * Logger name comes from an untrusted string\n\n * Logger with compromised name logs a message\n\n * User opens the generated HTML log file in their browser, leading to potential XSS\n\n\nBecause logger names are generally constant strings, we assess the impact to users as LOW\n\n\nThis issue affects Apache Log4cxx: before 1.5.0.\n\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 1.5.0, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-7mpr-gcjx-jcmw",
"modified": "2025-11-05T00:31:25Z",
"published": "2025-08-22T21:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54812"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/logging-log4cxx/pull/509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/logging-log4cxx/pull/514"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://logging.apache.org/security.html#CVE-2025-54812"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/08/22/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7XR5-9HCQ-CHF9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-05 03:30 – Updated: 2025-06-10 20:03An issue was discovered in Django 5.2 before 5.2.2, 5.1 before 5.1.10, and 4.2 before 4.2.22. Internal HTTP response logging does not escape request.path, which allows remote attackers to potentially manipulate log output via crafted URLs. This may lead to log injection or forgery when logs are viewed in terminals or processed by external systems.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Django"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.2"
},
{
"fixed": "5.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Django"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0a1"
},
{
"fixed": "5.1.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Django"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.22"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48432"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-117"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-06T15:45:56Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-05T03:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Django 5.2 before 5.2.2, 5.1 before 5.1.10, and 4.2 before 4.2.22. Internal HTTP response logging does not escape request.path, which allows remote attackers to potentially manipulate log output via crafted URLs. This may lead to log injection or forgery when logs are viewed in terminals or processed by external systems.",
"id": "GHSA-7xr5-9hcq-chf9",
"modified": "2025-06-10T20:03:53Z",
"published": "2025-06-05T03:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48432"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/releases/security"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/django/django"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/django/PYSEC-2025-47.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/django-announce"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2025/jun/04/security-releases"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2025/jun/10/bugfix-releases"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/06/04/5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/06/10/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/06/10/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/06/10/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Django Improper Output Neutralization for Logs vulnerability"
}
GHSA-846M-XCGV-CMM3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-17 21:31 – Updated: 2026-02-17 21:31IBM MQ Operator (SC2 v3.2.0–3.8.1, LTS v2.0.0–2.0.29) and IBM‑supplied MQ Advanced container images (across affected SC2, CD, and LTS 9.3.x–9.4.x releases) contain a vulnerability where log messages are not properly neutralized before being written to log files. This flaw could allow an unauthorized user to inject malicious data into MQ log entries, potentially leading to misleading logs, log manipulation, or downstream log‑processing issues.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-12755"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-117"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-17T19:21:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM MQ Operator (SC2 v3.2.0\u20133.8.1, LTS v2.0.0\u20132.0.29) and IBM\u2011supplied MQ Advanced container images (across affected SC2, CD, and LTS 9.3.x\u20139.4.x releases) contain a vulnerability where log messages are not properly neutralized before being written to log files. This flaw could allow an unauthorized user to inject malicious data into MQ log entries, potentially leading to misleading logs, log manipulation, or downstream log\u2011processing issues.",
"id": "GHSA-846m-xcgv-cmm3",
"modified": "2026-02-17T21:31:13Z",
"published": "2026-02-17T21:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12755"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7260087"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-84PR-M4JR-85G5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-19 21:31 – Updated: 2026-06-05 17:54corydolphin/flask-cors is vulnerable to log injection when the log level is set to debug. An attacker can inject fake log entries into the log file by sending a specially crafted GET request containing a CRLF sequence in the request path. This vulnerability allows attackers to corrupt log files, potentially covering tracks of other attacks, confusing log post-processing tools, and forging log entries. The issue is due to improper output neutralization for logs.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.0.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "flask-cors"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-1681"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-117"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-22T14:08:38Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-19T20:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "corydolphin/flask-cors is vulnerable to log injection when the log level is set to debug. An attacker can inject fake log entries into the log file by sending a specially crafted GET request containing a CRLF sequence in the request path. This vulnerability allows attackers to corrupt log files, potentially covering tracks of other attacks, confusing log post-processing tools, and forging log entries. The issue is due to improper output neutralization for logs.",
"id": "GHSA-84pr-m4jr-85g5",
"modified": "2026-06-05T17:54:17Z",
"published": "2024-04-19T21:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1681"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/corydolphin/flask-cors"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/corydolphin/flask-cors/blob/40acc8092332dfed4bb54d7a4f89a6d479466de7/flask_cors/extension.py#L194"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/flask-cors/PYSEC-2024-271.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/25a7a0ba-9fa2-4777-acb6-03e5539bb644"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00049.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "flask-cors vulnerable to log injection when the log level is set to debug"
}
GHSA-86RF-68F4-2CPH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-26 21:30 – Updated: 2026-01-27 21:00Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-2464-8j7c-4cjm. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
A flaw was found in github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2, in the field processing component using mapstructure.WeakDecode. This vulnerability allows information disclosure through detailed error messages that may leak sensitive input values via malformed user-supplied data processed in security-critical contexts.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-117"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-27T21:00:31Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-26T20:16:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-2464-8j7c-4cjm. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nA flaw was found in github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2, in the field processing component using mapstructure.WeakDecode. This vulnerability allows information disclosure through detailed error messages that may leak sensitive input values via malformed user-supplied data processed in security-critical contexts.",
"id": "GHSA-86rf-68f4-2cph",
"modified": "2026-01-27T21:00:31Z",
"published": "2026-01-26T21:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/security/advisories/GHSA-2464-8j7c-4cjm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/commit/742921c9ba2854d27baa64272487fc5075d2c39c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-11065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2391829"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: go-viper\u0027s mapstructure May Leak Sensitive Information in Logs When Processing Malformed Data",
"withdrawn": "2026-01-27T21:00:31Z"
}
GHSA-88X2-3RJX-JXPR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-30 15:30 – Updated: 2025-09-30 15:30A vulnerability exists in Asset Suite for an authenticated user to manipulate the content of performance related log data or to inject crafted data in logfile for potentially carrying out further malicious attacks. Performance logging is typically enabled for troubleshooting purposes while resolving application performance related issues.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10217"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-117"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-30T13:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability exists in Asset Suite for an authenticated user to manipulate the content of performance related log data or to inject crafted data in logfile for potentially carrying out further malicious attacks. Performance logging is typically enabled for troubleshooting purposes while resolving application performance related issues.",
"id": "GHSA-88x2-3rjx-jxpr",
"modified": "2025-09-30T15:30:29Z",
"published": "2025-09-30T15:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://publisher.hitachienergy.com/preview?DocumentID=8DBD000226\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=\u0026Action=Launch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-8CGQ-6MH2-7J6V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-04 15:27 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:55Summary
Rack::Sendfile can be exploited by crafting input that includes newline characters to manipulate log entries.
Details
The Rack::Sendfile middleware logs unsanitized header values from the X-Sendfile-Type header. An attacker can exploit this by injecting escape sequences (such as newline characters) into the header, resulting in log injection.
Impact
This vulnerability can distort log files, obscure attack traces, and complicate security auditing.
Mitigation
- Update to the latest version of Rack, or
- Remove usage of
Rack::Sendfile.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "rack"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "rack"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "rack"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.1"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-27111"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-117",
"CWE-93"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-04T15:27:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-04T16:15:40Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\n`Rack::Sendfile` can be exploited by crafting input that includes newline characters to manipulate log entries.\n\n## Details\n\nThe `Rack::Sendfile` middleware logs unsanitized header values from the `X-Sendfile-Type` header. An attacker can exploit this by injecting escape sequences (such as newline characters) into the header, resulting in log injection.\n\n## Impact\n\nThis vulnerability can distort log files, obscure attack traces, and complicate security auditing.\n\n## Mitigation\n\n- Update to the latest version of Rack, or\n- Remove usage of `Rack::Sendfile`.",
"id": "GHSA-8cgq-6mh2-7j6v",
"modified": "2025-11-04T16:55:18Z",
"published": "2025-03-04T15:27:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-8cgq-6mh2-7j6v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/803aa221e8302719715e224f4476e438f2531a53"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/aeac570bb8080ca7b53b7f2e2f67498be7ebd30b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/b13bc6bfc7506aca3478dc5ac1c2ec6fc53f82a3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-27111.yml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00016.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Escape Sequence Injection vulnerability in Rack lead to Possible Log Injection"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-30
Strategy: Output Encoding
Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
Mitigation MIT-20
Strategy: Input Validation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
CAPEC-268: Audit Log Manipulation
The attacker injects, manipulates, deletes, or forges malicious log entries into the log file, in an attempt to mislead an audit of the log file or cover tracks of an attack. Due to either insufficient access controls of the log files or the logging mechanism, the attacker is able to perform such actions.
CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering
Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.
CAPEC-93: Log Injection-Tampering-Forging
This attack targets the log files of the target host. The attacker injects, manipulates or forges malicious log entries in the log file, allowing them to mislead a log audit, cover traces of attack, or perform other malicious actions. The target host is not properly controlling log access. As a result tainted data is resulting in the log files leading to a failure in accountability, non-repudiation and incident forensics capability.