CWE-116
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
613 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-C6V5-PF66-XFQ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-14 03:32 – Updated: 2023-07-14 21:50Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output in GitHub repository froxlor/froxlor prior to 2.0.21.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "froxlor/froxlor"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.21"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3668"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-14T21:50:57Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-14T01:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output in GitHub repository froxlor/froxlor prior to 2.0.21.",
"id": "GHSA-c6v5-pf66-xfq8",
"modified": "2023-07-14T21:50:57Z",
"published": "2023-07-14T03:32:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3668"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/commit/03b5a921ff308eeab21bf9d240f27783c8591965"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/df8cccf4-a340-440e-a7e0-1b42e757d66e"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Froxlor vulnerable to Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output"
}
GHSA-C8QH-HQ9W-QH3P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-24 15:30 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32Cobalt Strike 4.7.1 fails to properly escape HTML tags when they are displayed on Swing components. By injecting crafted HTML code, it is possible to remotely execute code in the Cobalt Strike UI.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42948"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-24T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Cobalt Strike 4.7.1 fails to properly escape HTML tags when they are displayed on Swing components. By injecting crafted HTML code, it is possible to remotely execute code in the Cobalt Strike UI.",
"id": "GHSA-c8qh-hq9w-qh3p",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:43Z",
"published": "2023-03-24T15:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42948"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://thesecmaster.com/how-to-fix-cve-2022-42948-a-critical-rce-vulnerability-in-cobalt-strike"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-42948"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cobaltstrike.com/blog"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.redpacketsecurity.com/helpsystems-cobalt-strike-code-execution-cve-2022-42948"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C8RW-RC58-GQ7X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-11 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:49Improper input validation in some firmware for Intel(R) AMT and Intel(R) Standard Manageability before versions 11.8.94, 11.12.94, 11.22.94, 12.0.93, 14.1.70, 15.0.45, and 16.1.27 in Intel (R) CSME may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via network access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36392"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-20"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-11T03:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper input validation in some firmware for Intel(R) AMT and Intel(R) Standard Manageability before versions 11.8.94, 11.12.94, 11.22.94, 12.0.93, 14.1.70, 15.0.45, and 16.1.27 in Intel (R) CSME may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via network access.",
"id": "GHSA-c8rw-rc58-gq7x",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:49:40Z",
"published": "2023-08-11T03:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36392"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230824-0002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00783.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CC2J-MF6C-HCH7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-30 18:30 – Updated: 2024-02-16 18:31In Splunk IT Service Intelligence (ITSI) versions below 4.13.3 or 4.15.3, a malicious actor can inject American National Standards Institute (ANSI) escape codes into Splunk ITSI log files that, when a vulnerable terminal application reads them, can run malicious code in the vulnerable application. This attack requires a user to use a terminal application that translates ANSI escape codes to read the malicious log file locally in the vulnerable terminal. The vulnerability also requires additional user interaction to succeed.
The vulnerability does not directly affect Splunk ITSI. The indirect impact on Splunk ITSI can vary significantly depending on the permissions in the vulnerable terminal application, as well as where and how the user reads the malicious log file. For example, users can copy the malicious file from Splunk ITSI and read it on their local machine.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4571"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-117",
"CWE-74"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-30T17:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Splunk IT Service Intelligence (ITSI) versions below 4.13.3 or 4.15.3, a malicious actor can inject American National Standards Institute (ANSI) escape codes into Splunk ITSI log files that, when a vulnerable terminal application reads them, can run malicious code in the vulnerable application. This attack requires a user to use a terminal application that translates ANSI escape codes to read the malicious log file locally in the vulnerable terminal. The vulnerability also requires additional user interaction to succeed. \n\nThe vulnerability does not directly affect Splunk ITSI. The indirect impact on Splunk ITSI can vary significantly depending on the permissions in the vulnerable terminal application, as well as where and how the user reads the malicious log file. For example, users can copy the malicious file from Splunk ITSI and read it on their local machine.",
"id": "GHSA-cc2j-mf6c-hch7",
"modified": "2024-02-16T18:31:04Z",
"published": "2023-08-30T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4571"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://advisory.splunk.com/advisories/SVD-2023-0810"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CF62-62C9-RPWV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-16 18:31 – Updated: 2025-06-20 21:31The EventON WordPress plugin before 4.5.5, EventON WordPress plugin before 2.2.7 does not sanitize and escape some of its settings, which could allow high privilege users such as admin to perform Stored Cross-Site Scripting attacks even when the unfiltered_html capability is disallowed (for example in multisite setup).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6005"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-16T16:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The EventON WordPress plugin before 4.5.5, EventON WordPress plugin before 2.2.7 does not sanitize and escape some of its settings, which could allow high privilege users such as admin to perform Stored Cross-Site Scripting attacks even when the unfiltered_html capability is disallowed (for example in multisite setup).",
"id": "GHSA-cf62-62c9-rpwv",
"modified": "2025-06-20T21:31:40Z",
"published": "2024-01-16T18:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/fa4eea26-0611-4fa8-a947-f78ddf46a56a"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CG87-WMX4-V546
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-17 21:22 – Updated: 2025-01-21 18:31Impact
KaTeX users who render untrusted mathematical expressions with renderToString could encounter malicious input using \htmlData that runs arbitrary JavaScript, or generate invalid HTML.
Patches
Upgrade to KaTeX v0.16.21 to remove this vulnerability.
Workarounds
- Avoid use of or turn off the
trustoption, or set it to forbid\htmlDatacommands. - Forbid inputs containing the substring
"\\htmlData". - Sanitize HTML output from KaTeX.
Details
\htmlData did not validate its attribute name argument, allowing it to generate invalid or malicious HTML that runs scripts.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
- Open an issue or security advisory in the KaTeX repository
- Email us at katex-security@mit.edu
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.16.20"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "katex"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.12.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.16.21"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-23207"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-01-17T21:22:56Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-17T22:15:29Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nKaTeX users who render untrusted mathematical expressions with `renderToString` could encounter malicious input using `\\htmlData` that runs arbitrary JavaScript, or generate invalid HTML.\n\n### Patches\nUpgrade to KaTeX v0.16.21 to remove this vulnerability.\n\n### Workarounds\n- Avoid use of or turn off the `trust` option, or set it to forbid `\\htmlData` commands.\n- Forbid inputs containing the substring `\"\\\\htmlData\"`.\n- Sanitize HTML output from KaTeX.\n\n### Details\n`\\htmlData` did not validate its attribute name argument, allowing it to generate invalid or malicious HTML that runs scripts.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n- Open an issue or security advisory in the [KaTeX repository](https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/)\n- Email us at [katex-security@mit.edu](mailto:katex-security@mit.edu)",
"id": "GHSA-cg87-wmx4-v546",
"modified": "2025-01-21T18:31:02Z",
"published": "2025-01-17T21:22:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/security/advisories/GHSA-cg87-wmx4-v546"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23207"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/commit/ff289955e81aab89086eef09254cbf88573d415c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "KaTeX \\htmlData does not validate attribute names"
}
GHSA-CH29-7XX3-HVCF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:06Multiple vulnerabilities in the multi-instance feature of Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to escape the container for their FTD instance and execute commands with root privileges in the host namespace. These vulnerabilities are due to insufficient protections on the underlying filesystem. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by modifying critical files on the underlying filesystem. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute commands with root privileges within the host namespace. This could allow the attacker to impact other running FTD instances.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-12674"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-02T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in the multi-instance feature of Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to escape the container for their FTD instance and execute commands with root privileges in the host namespace. These vulnerabilities are due to insufficient protections on the underlying filesystem. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by modifying critical files on the underlying filesystem. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute commands with root privileges within the host namespace. This could allow the attacker to impact other running FTD instances.",
"id": "GHSA-ch29-7xx3-hvcf",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:06:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:57:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-12674"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20191002-ftd-container-esc"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CH8J-Q2RQ-5C87
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-03 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-09 21:30A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in OpenDNS OpenResolve. This affects an unknown part of the file resolverapi/endpoints.py. The manipulation leads to improper output neutralization for logs. The name of the patch is 9eba6ba5abd89d0e36a008921eb307fcef8c5311. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier VDB-217197 was assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-10011"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-117"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-02T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in OpenDNS OpenResolve. This affects an unknown part of the file resolverapi/endpoints.py. The manipulation leads to improper output neutralization for logs. The name of the patch is 9eba6ba5abd89d0e36a008921eb307fcef8c5311. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier VDB-217197 was assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-ch8j-q2rq-5c87",
"modified": "2023-01-09T21:30:22Z",
"published": "2023-01-03T00:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-10011"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/opendns/OpenResolve/commit/9eba6ba5abd89d0e36a008921eb307fcef8c5311"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.217197"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.217197"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHXJ-GXWW-Q98W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-22 09:30 – Updated: 2026-06-23 21:30Improper escaping of database table names in the CaptureChangeMySQL Processor included with Apache NiFi 1.2.0 through 2.9.0 allows for injecting SQL commands using crafted naming. Manual quoted boundaries added in Apache NiFi 1.8.0 narrowed the scope of potential injection options, but did not cover additional strategies. Apache NiFi installations that do not use the CaptureChangeMySQL Processor are not subject to this vulnerability. Upgrading to Apache NiFi 2.10.0 is the recommended mitigation, which incorporates more robust identifier escaping.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-44913"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-22T08:17:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper escaping of database table names in the CaptureChangeMySQL Processor included with Apache NiFi 1.2.0 through 2.9.0 allows for injecting SQL commands using crafted naming. Manual quoted boundaries added in Apache NiFi 1.8.0 narrowed the scope of potential injection options, but did not cover additional strategies. Apache NiFi installations that do not use the CaptureChangeMySQL Processor are not subject to this vulnerability. Upgrading to Apache NiFi 2.10.0 is the recommended mitigation, which incorporates more robust identifier escaping.",
"id": "GHSA-chxj-gxww-q98w",
"modified": "2026-06-23T21:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-06-22T09:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44913"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/c8vkt5rz4dqql6sjxgrr3zdkbt1sfmsl"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/06/20/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:P/AU:Y/R:U/V:C/RE:L/U:Clear",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CJHX-7PR5-4VMP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-15 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-17 03:30IBM CICS TX 11.1 does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes web scripting syntax in HTTP headers that can be used by web browser components that can process raw headers. IBM X-Force ID: 229452.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34316"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-14T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM CICS TX 11.1 does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes web scripting syntax in HTTP headers that can be used by web browser components that can process raw headers. IBM X-Force ID: 229452.",
"id": "GHSA-cjhx-7pr5-4vmp",
"modified": "2022-11-17T03:30:53Z",
"published": "2022-11-15T12:00:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34316"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/229452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6833176"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6833178"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-4.3
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
- Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation MIT-27
Strategy: Parameterization
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
Mitigation
In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.
Mitigation
Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).
Mitigation
Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.
Mitigation
When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename
An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.
CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering
Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.