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CWE-693
Protection Mechanism Failure
The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.
CVE-2026-34072 (GCVE-0-2026-34072)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-01 16:51 – Updated: 2026-04-01 17:45
VLAI
Title
cronmaster: Middleware authentication bypass enabling unauthorized page access and server-action execution
Summary
Cr*nMaster (cronmaster) is a Cronjob management UI with human readable syntax, live logging and log history for cronjobs. Prior to version 2.2.0, an authentication bypass in middleware allows unauthenticated requests with an invalid session cookie to be treated as authenticated when the middleware’s session-validation fetch fails. This can result in unauthorized access to protected pages and unauthorized execution of privileged Next.js Server Actions. This issue has been patched in version 2.2.0.
Severity
8.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/fccview/cronmaster/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/fccview/cronmaster/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| fccview | cronmaster |
Affected:
< 2.2.0
|
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CVE-2026-34208 (GCVE-0-2026-34208)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-06 15:09 – Updated: 2026-04-06 18:39
VLAI
Title
SandboxJS: Sandbox integrity escape
Summary
SandboxJS is a JavaScript sandboxing library. Prior to 0.8.36, SandboxJS blocks direct assignment to global objects (for example Math.random = ...), but this protection can be bypassed through an exposed callable constructor path: this.constructor.call(target, attackerObject). Because this.constructor resolves to the internal SandboxGlobal function and Function.prototype.call is allowed, attacker code can write arbitrary properties into host global objects and persist those mutations across sandbox instances in the same process. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.8.36.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-3472 (GCVE-0-2026-3472)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-26 14:42 – Updated: 2026-06-26 15:41
VLAI
Title
Markdown image rendering bypass in AI bot tool result posts in Mattermost
Summary
Mattermost versions 10.11.x <= 10.11.18, 11.6.x <= 11.6.3, 11.5.x <= 11.5.6 fail to properly apply markdown image rendering restrictions to AI bot tool result posts, which allows an authenticated attacker to exfiltrate data to an attacker-controlled server via injecting markdown image syntax into tool result content rendered by a victim's client.. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2026-00619
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://mattermost.com/security-updates | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mattermost | Mattermost |
Affected:
10.11.0 , ≤ 10.11.18
(semver)
Affected: 11.6.0 , ≤ 11.6.3 (semver) Affected: 11.5.0 , ≤ 11.5.6 (semver) Unaffected: 11.7.0 Unaffected: 10.11.19 Unaffected: 11.6.4 Unaffected: 11.5.7 |
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CVE-2026-34938 (GCVE-0-2026-34938)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-03 22:51 – Updated: 2026-04-06 13:23
VLAI
Title
PraisonAI: Python Sandbox Escape via str Subclass startswith() Override in execute_code
Summary
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 1.5.90, execute_code() in praisonai-agents runs attacker-controlled Python inside a three-layer sandbox that can be fully bypassed by passing a str subclass with an overridden startswith() method to the _safe_getattr wrapper, achieving arbitrary OS command execution on the host. This issue has been patched in version 1.5.90.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI |
Affected:
< 1.5.90
|
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CVE-2026-35408 (GCVE-0-2026-35408)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-06 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-07 16:23
VLAI
Title
Directus is Missing Cross-Origin Opener Policy
Summary
Directus is a real-time API and App dashboard for managing SQL database content. Prior to 11.17.0, Directus's Single Sign-On (SSO) login pages lacked a Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy (COOP) HTTP response header. Without this header, a malicious cross-origin window that opens the Directus login page retains the ability to access and manipulate the window object of that page. An attacker can exploit this to intercept and redirect the OAuth authorization flow to an attacker-controlled OAuth client, causing the victim to unknowingly grant access to their authentication provider account (e.g. Google, Discord). This vulnerability is fixed in 11.17.0.
Severity
8.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/directus/directus/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-39419 (GCVE-0-2026-39419)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 01:03 – Updated: 2026-04-14 13:28
VLAI
Title
MaxKB: Sandbox Result Validation Bypass via Tool Output Spoofing
Summary
MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. In versions 2.7.1 and below, an authenticated user can bypass sandbox result validation and spoof tool execution results by exploiting Python frame introspection to read the wrapper's UUID from its bytecode constants, then writing a forged result directly to file descriptor 1 (bypassing stdout redirection). By calling sys.exit(0), the attacker terminates the wrapper before it prints the legitimate output, causing the MaxKB service to parse and trust the spoofed response as the genuine tool result. This issue has been fixed in version 2.8.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/commit/38c4cf… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/releases/tag/v2.8.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Panel-dev | MaxKB |
Affected:
< 2.8.0
|
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CVE-2026-39420 (GCVE-0-2026-39420)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 00:13 – Updated: 2026-04-16 13:26
VLAI
Title
MaxKB: Sandbox escape via LD_PRELOAD bypass
Summary
MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. In versions 2.7.1 and below, an incomplete sandbox protection mechanism allows an authenticated user with tool execution privileges to escape the LD_PRELOAD-based sandbox. By env command the attacker can clear the environment variables and drop the sandbox.so hook, leading to unrestricted Remote Code Execution (RCE) and network access. MaxKB restricts untrusted Python code execution via the Tool Debug API by injecting sandbox.so through the LD_PRELOAD environment variable. This intercepts sensitive C library functions (like execve, socket, open) to restrict network and file access. However, a patch allowed the /usr/bin/env utility to be executed by the sandboxed user. When an attacker is permitted to create subprocesses, they can execute the env -i python command. The -i flag instructs env to completely clear all environment variables before running the target program. This effectively drops the LD_PRELOAD environment variable. The newly spawned Python process will therefore execute natively without any sandbox hooks, bypassing all network and file system restrictions. This issue has been fixed in version 2.8.0.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/commit/2d17b0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/releases/tag/v2.8.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Panel-dev | MaxKB |
Affected:
< 2.8.0
|
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CVE-2026-39421 (GCVE-0-2026-39421)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 00:17 – Updated: 2026-04-14 16:28
VLAI
Title
MaxKB: Sandbox escape via ctypes and unhooked SYS_pkey_mprotect
Summary
MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. Versions 2.7.1 and below contain a sandbox escape vulnerability in the ToolExecutor component. By leveraging Python's ctypes library to execute raw system calls, an authenticated attacker with workspace privileges can bypass the LD_PRELOAD-based sandbox.so module to achieve arbitrary code execution via direct kernel system calls, enabling full network exfiltration and container compromise. The library intercepts critical standard system functions such as execve, system, connect, and open. It also intercepts mprotect to prevent PROT_EXEC (executable memory) allocations within the sandboxed Python processes, but pkey_mprotect is not blocked. This issue has been fixed in version 2.8.0.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/commit/479701… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/releases/tag/v2.8.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Panel-dev | MaxKB |
Affected:
< 2.8.0
|
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CVE-2026-3965 (GCVE-0-2026-3965)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-11 23:32 – Updated: 2026-03-12 13:27 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
whyour qinglong API express.ts protection mechanism
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in whyour qinglong up to 2.20.1. Affected is an unknown function of the file back/loaders/express.ts of the component API Interface. The manipulation of the argument command leads to protection mechanism failure. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. Upgrading to version 2.20.2 is able to address this issue. The identifier of the patch is 6bec52dca158481258315ba0fc2f11206df7b719. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component. The code maintainer was informed beforehand about the issues. He reacted very fast and highly professional.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.350394 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.350394 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.768861 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/A7cc/cve/issues/6 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/whyour/qinglong/pull/2941 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/A7cc/cve/issues/6#issue-3999235307 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/whyour/qinglong/commit/6bec52d… | patch |
| https://github.com/whyour/qinglong/releases/tag/v2.20.2 | patch |
| https://github.com/whyour/qinglong/ | product |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-39888 (GCVE-0-2026-39888)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 20:41 – Updated: 2026-04-09 20:21
VLAI
Title
PraisonAIAgents has a sandbox escape via exception frame traversal in `execute_code` (subprocess mode)
Summary
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 1.5.115, execute_code() in praisonaiagents.tools.python_tools defaults to sandbox_mode="sandbox", which runs user code in a subprocess wrapped with a restricted __builtins__ dict and an AST-based blocklist. The AST blocklist embedded inside the subprocess wrapper (blocked_attrs of python_tools.py) contains only 11 attribute names — a strict subset of the 30+ names blocked in the direct-execution path. The four attributes that form a frame-traversal chain out of the sandbox are all absent from the subprocess list (__traceback__, tb_frame, f_back, and f_builtins). Chaining these attributes through a caught exception exposes the real Python builtins dict of the subprocess wrapper frame, from which exec can be retrieved and called under a non-blocked variable name — bypassing every remaining security layer. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.5.115.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | praisonaiagents |
Affected:
< 1.5.115
|
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No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-107: Cross Site Tracing
Cross Site Tracing (XST) enables an adversary to steal the victim's session cookie and possibly other authentication credentials transmitted in the header of the HTTP request when the victim's browser communicates to a destination system's web server.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing
An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-237: Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another Language
The attacker may submit malicious code of another language to obtain access to privileges that were not intentionally exposed by the sandbox, thus escaping the sandbox. For instance, Java code cannot perform unsafe operations, such as modifying arbitrary memory locations, due to restrictions placed on it by the Byte code Verifier and the JVM. If allowed, Java code can call directly into native C code, which may perform unsafe operations, such as call system calls and modify arbitrary memory locations on their behalf. To provide isolation, Java does not grant untrusted code with unmediated access to native C code. Instead, the sandboxed code is typically allowed to call some subset of the pre-existing native code that is part of standard libraries.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-480: Escaping Virtualization
An adversary gains access to an application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by escaping the confines of a virtualized environment. The adversary is then able to access resources or execute unauthorized code within the host environment, generally with the privileges of the user running the virtualized process. Successfully executing an attack of this type is often the first step in executing more complex attacks.
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-74: Manipulating State
['The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.', 'State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.', 'If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.']
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.