Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-95
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. "eval").
325 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2023-30537 (GCVE-0-2023-30537)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-16 07:06 – Updated: 2025-02-06 17:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-flamingo-theme-ui vulnerable to privilege escalation
Summary
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. Any user with the right to add an object on a page can execute arbitrary Groovy, Python or Velocity code in XWiki leading to full access to the XWiki installation. The root cause is improper escaping of the styles properties `FlamingoThemesCode.WebHome`. This page is installed by default. The vulnerability has been patched in XWiki versions 13.10.11, 14.4.7 and 14.10.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-06 17:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/df… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20280 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| xwiki | xwiki-platform |
Affected:
>= 12.6.6, < 13.10.11
Affected: >= 14.0-rc-1, < 14.4.7 Affected: >= 14.5, < 14.10 |
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CVE-2023-29511 (GCVE-0-2023-29511)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-16 07:07 – Updated: 2025-02-06 16:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
xwiki-platform-administration-ui vulnerable to privilege escalation
Summary
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. Any user with edit rights on a page (e.g., it's own user page), can execute arbitrary Groovy, Python or Velocity code in XWiki leading to full access to the XWiki installation. The root cause is improper escaping of the section ids in `XWiki.AdminFieldsDisplaySheet`. This page is installed by default. The vulnerability has been patched in XWiki versions 15.0-rc-1, 14.10.1, 14.4.8, and 13.10.11.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-06 16:07 UTC
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/f1… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20261 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| xwiki | xwiki-platform |
Affected:
>= 14.0-rc-1, < 14.4.8
Affected: >= 14.5, < 14.10.1 Affected: >= 1.5M2, < 13.10.11 |
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CVE-2023-29509 (GCVE-0-2023-29509)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-16 07:04 – Updated: 2025-02-06 17:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-flamingo-theme-ui Eval Injection vulnerability
Summary
XWiki Commons are technical libraries common to several other top level XWiki projects. Any user with view rights on commonly accessible documents can execute arbitrary Groovy, Python or Velocity code in XWiki leading to full access to the XWiki installation. The root cause is improper escaping of the `documentTree` macro parameters in This macro is installed by default in `FlamingoThemesCode.WebHome`. This page is installed by default. The vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 13.10.11, 14.4.7 and 14.10.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-06 17:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/80… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20279 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| xwiki | xwiki-platform |
Affected:
>= 7.2-rc-1, < 13.10.11
Affected: >= 14.0-rc-1, < 14.4.7 Affected: >= 14.5, < 14.10 |
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CVE-2023-29214 (GCVE-0-2023-29214)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-16 06:45 – Updated: 2025-02-06 17:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-panels-ui Eval Injection vulnerability
Summary
XWiki Commons are technical libraries common to several other top level XWiki projects. Any user with edit rights can execute arbitrary Groovy, Python or Velocity code in XWiki leading to full access to the XWiki installation. The root cause is improper escaping of the included pages in the IncludedDocuments panel. The problem has been patched on XWiki 14.4.7, and 14.10.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-06 17:02 UTC
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/50… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20306 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| xwiki | xwiki-platform |
Affected:
>= 1.1-M2, < 13.10.11
Affected: >= 14.0-rc-1, < 14.4.7 Affected: >= 14.5, < 14.10 |
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CVE-2023-29212 (GCVE-0-2023-29212)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-16 06:39 – Updated: 2025-02-06 17:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-panels-ui Eval Injection vulnerability
Summary
XWiki Commons are technical libraries common to several other top level XWiki projects. Any user with edit rights can execute arbitrary Groovy, Python or Velocity code in XWiki leading to full access to the XWiki installation. The root cause is improper escaping of the included pages in the included documents edit panel. The problem has been patched on XWiki 14.4.7, and 14.10.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-06 17:03 UTC
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/22… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20293 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| xwiki | xwiki-platform |
Affected:
>= 14.0-rc-1, < 14.4.7
Affected: >= 14.5, < 14.10 |
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CVE-2023-29211 (GCVE-0-2023-29211)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-16 06:34 – Updated: 2025-02-06 17:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-wiki-ui-mainwiki Eval Injection vulnerability
Summary
XWiki Commons are technical libraries common to several other top level XWiki projects. Any user with view rights `WikiManager.DeleteWiki` can execute arbitrary Groovy, Python or Velocity code in XWiki leading to full access to the XWiki installation. The root cause is improper escaping of the `wikiId` url parameter. The problem has been patched on XWiki 13.10.11, 14.4.7, and 14.10.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-06 17:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/ba… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20297 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| xwiki | xwiki-platform |
Affected:
>= 5.3-milestone-2, < 13.10.11
Affected: >= 14.0-rc-1, < 14.4.7 Affected: >= 14.5, < 14.10 |
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CVE-2023-29210 (GCVE-0-2023-29210)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-15 16:20 – Updated: 2025-02-06 17:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-notifications-ui Eval Injection vulnerability
Summary
XWiki Commons are technical libraries common to several other top level XWiki projects. Any user with view rights on commonly accessible documents including the notification preferences macros can execute arbitrary Groovy, Python or Velocity code in XWiki leading to full access to the XWiki installation. The root cause is improper escaping of the user parameter of the macro that provide the notification filters. These macros are used in the user profiles and thus installed by default in XWiki. The vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 13.10.11, 14.4.7 and 14.10.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-06 17:04 UTC
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/ce… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20259 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| xwiki | xwiki-platform |
Affected:
>= 13.2-rc-1, < 13.10.11
Affected: >= 14.0-rc-1, < 14.4.7 Affected: >= 14.5, < 14.10 |
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CVE-2023-29209 (GCVE-0-2023-29209)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-15 16:06 – Updated: 2025-02-06 17:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-legacy-notification-activitymacro Eval Injection vulnerability
Summary
XWiki Commons are technical libraries common to several other top level XWiki projects. Any user with view rights on commonly accessible documents including the legacy notification activity macro can execute arbitrary Groovy, Python or Velocity code in XWiki leading to full access to the XWiki installation. The root cause is improper escaping of the macro parameters of the legacy notification activity macro. This macro is installed by default in XWiki. The vulnerability can be exploited via every wiki page that is editable including the user's profile, but also with just view rights using the HTMLConverter that is part of the CKEditor integration which is bundled with XWiki. The vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 13.10.11, 14.4.7 and 14.10.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-06 17:06 UTC
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/94… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20258 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| xwiki | xwiki-platform |
Affected:
>= 10.9, < 13.10.11
Affected: >= 14.0-rc-1, < 14.4.7 Affected: >= 14.5, < 14.10 |
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CVE-2023-26477 (GCVE-0-2023-26477)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-02 17:52 – Updated: 2025-03-05 21:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-flamingo-theme-ui Eval Injection vulnerability
Summary
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform. Starting in versions 6.3-rc-1 and 6.2.4, it's possible to inject arbitrary wiki syntax including Groovy, Python and Velocity script macros via the `newThemeName` request parameter (URL parameter), in combination with additional parameters. This has been patched in the supported versions 13.10.10, 14.9-rc-1, and 14.4.6. As a workaround, it is possible to edit `FlamingoThemesCode.WebHomeSheet` and manually perform the changes from the patch fixing the issue.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-05 21:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/ea… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-19757 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| xwiki | xwiki-platform |
Affected:
>= 6.2.4, < 13.10.10
Affected: >= 14.0, < 14.4.6 Affected: >= 14.5, < 14.9-rc-1 |
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CVE-2023-7245 (GCVE-0-2023-7245)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-20 11:08 – Updated: 2024-08-14 14:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
The nodejs framework in OpenVPN Connect 3.0 through 3.4.3 (Windows)/3.4.7 (macOS) was not properly configured, which allows a local user to execute arbitrary code within the nodejs process context via the ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE environment variable
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-02-20 20:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://openvpn.net/vpn-server-resources/openvpn-… | release-notes |
| https://openvpn.net/vpn-server-resources/openvpn-… | release-notes |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenVPN | OpenVPN Connect |
Affected:
3.0 (Windows) , ≤ 3.4.3
(minor releases)
Affected: 3.0 (macOS) , ≤ 3.4.7 (minor releases) |
|
| openvpn | connect |
Affected:
3.0 , < 3.4.7
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:openvpn:connect:*:*:*:*:*:macos:*:* |
|
| openvpn | connect |
Affected:
3.0 , < 3.4.3
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:openvpn:connect:*:*:*:*:*:windows:*:* |
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"dateUpdated": "2024-08-14T14:36:15.335Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"Windows",
"MacOS"
],
"product": "OpenVPN Connect",
"vendor": "OpenVPN",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "3.4.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0 (Windows)",
"versionType": "minor releases"
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{
"lessThanOrEqual": "3.4.7",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0 (macOS) ",
"versionType": "minor releases"
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}
],
"descriptions": [
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"lang": "en",
"value": "The nodejs framework in OpenVPN Connect 3.0 through 3.4.3 (Windows)/3.4.7 (macOS) was not properly configured, which allows a local user to execute arbitrary code within the nodejs process context via the ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE environment variable\n"
}
],
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"descriptions": [
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"cweId": "CWE-95",
"description": "CWE-95: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code (\u0027Eval Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
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"tags": [
"release-notes"
],
"url": "https://openvpn.net/vpn-server-resources/openvpn-connect-for-macos-change-log/"
},
{
"tags": [
"release-notes"
],
"url": "https://openvpn.net/vpn-server-resources/openvpn-connect-for-windows-change-log/"
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],
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"assignerShortName": "OpenVPN",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-7245",
"datePublished": "2024-02-20T11:08:29.089Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-02-07T13:25:05.853Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-14T14:36:15.335Z",
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Refactoring
If possible, refactor your code so that it does not need to use eval() at all.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Implementation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
- Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
Mitigation
Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.