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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8899 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-M2GM-4VG9-PCC4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 12:32
VLAI
Details

In the manim plugin of binary-husky/gpt_academic, versions prior to the fix, a vulnerability exists due to improper handling of user-provided prompts. The root cause is the execution of untrusted code generated by the LLM without a proper sandbox. This allows an attacker to perform remote code execution (RCE) on the app backend server by injecting malicious code through the prompt.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-10954"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:22Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the `manim` plugin of binary-husky/gpt_academic, versions prior to the fix, a vulnerability exists due to improper handling of user-provided prompts. The root cause is the execution of untrusted code generated by the LLM without a proper sandbox. This allows an attacker to perform remote code execution (RCE) on the app backend server by injecting malicious code through the prompt.",
  "id": "GHSA-m2gm-4vg9-pcc4",
  "modified": "2025-03-20T12:32:41Z",
  "published": "2025-03-20T12:32:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10954"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/72d034e3-6ca2-495d-98a7-ac9565588c09"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M2H5-Q2VQ-2G9X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:38 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:38
VLAI
Details

include/modules/top/1-random_quote.php in Minb Is Not a Blog (minb) 0.1.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the quotes_to_edit parameter. NOTE: this issue has been reported as an unrestricted file upload by some sources, but that is a potential consequence of code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-7005"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-08-19T10:30:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "include/modules/top/1-random_quote.php in Minb Is Not a Blog (minb) 0.1.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the quotes_to_edit parameter.  NOTE: this issue has been reported as an unrestricted file upload by some sources, but that is a potential consequence of code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-m2h5-q2vq-2g9x",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:38:00Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:38:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-7005"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/45054"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/6432"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/51805"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/496234/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/31127"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-M2JP-MG23-FQPW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:57 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:57
VLAI
Details

Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in GraFX MiniCWB 2.3.0 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the LANG parameter to (1) en.inc.php, (2) hu.inc.php, (3) no.inc.php, (4) ro.inc.php, and (5) ru.inc.php in language/.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2009-4693"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2010-03-10T22:30:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in GraFX MiniCWB 2.3.0 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the LANG parameter to (1) en.inc.php, (2) hu.inc.php, (3) no.inc.php, (4) ro.inc.php, and (5) ru.inc.php in language/.",
  "id": "GHSA-m2jp-mg23-fqpw",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T03:57:05Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T03:57:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-4693"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/51847"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/9204"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/35738"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/1960"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-M2P5-FWP2-QCW2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:56 – Updated: 2023-10-05 18:47
VLAI
Summary
Yii Framework Code Injection
Details

Yii 2.x before 2.0.15 allows remote attackers to inject unintended search conditions via a variant of the CVE-2018-7269 attack in conjunction with the Elasticsearch extension.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "yiisoft/yii2-dev"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.15"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "yiisoft/yii2-elasticsearch"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-8074"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-20T00:09:22Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Yii 2.x before 2.0.15 allows remote attackers to inject unintended search conditions via a variant of the CVE-2018-7269 attack in conjunction with the Elasticsearch extension.",
  "id": "GHSA-m2p5-fwp2-qcw2",
  "modified": "2023-10-05T18:47:11Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:56:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8074"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/yiisoft/yii2-elasticsearch/CVE-2018-8074.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/yiisoft/yii2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.yiiframework.com/news/168/releasing-yii-2-0-15-and-database-extensions-with-security-fixes"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.yiiframework.com/news/168/releasing-yii-2-0-15-and-database-extensions-with-security-fixes"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Yii Framework Code Injection"
}

GHSA-M327-JJCQ-V72H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 06:09 – Updated: 2022-05-02 06:09
VLAI
Details

Use-after-free vulnerability in Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2002 SP3 and 2003 SP3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PowerPoint document, aka "OEPlaceholderAtom Use After Free Vulnerability."

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2010-0032"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2010-02-10T18:30:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use-after-free vulnerability in Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2002 SP3 and 2003 SP3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PowerPoint document, aka \"OEPlaceholderAtom Use After Free Vulnerability.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-m327-jjcq-v72h",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T06:09:47Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T06:09:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-0032"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2010/ms10-004"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A8303"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1023563"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA10-040A.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-M337-HWF6-792V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:55 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:55
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Schneider Electric Unity PRO prior to V11.1. Unity projects can be compiled as x86 instructions and loaded onto the PLC Simulator delivered with Unity PRO. These x86 instructions are subsequently executed directly by the simulator. A specially crafted patched Unity project file can make the simulator execute malicious code by redirecting the control flow of these instructions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-8354"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-02-13T21:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Schneider Electric Unity PRO prior to V11.1. Unity projects can be compiled as x86 instructions and loaded onto the PLC Simulator delivered with Unity PRO. These x86 instructions are subsequently executed directly by the simulator. A specially crafted patched Unity project file can make the simulator execute malicious code by redirecting the control flow of these instructions.",
  "id": "GHSA-m337-hwf6-792v",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:55:24Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:55:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8354"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-16-306-03"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93830"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M34R-V34R-RF9Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-28 21:33 – Updated: 2026-07-28 21:33
VLAI
Summary
`datamodel-code-generator` vulnerable to code execution on import via `x-python-type` JSON-Schema extension in datamodel-code-generator
Details

Summary

datamodel-code-generator honours a custom x-python-type JSON-Schema extension that lets a schema author override the generated Python type for a field. The value is forwarded verbatim into the generated Python source as the field annotation, with a single sanitisation pass that is trivial to bypass. An attacker who controls a JSON Schema fed to datamodel-codegen can therefore embed an arbitrary Python statement in the generated module, which executes at class-definition time the moment the developer imports the file. No --extra-template-data and no special flags are required; the vulnerable code is reachable with default settings.

Details

Sink: src/datamodel_code_generator/parser/jsonschema.py, _get_python_type_override (lines 2055–2096, at tag 0.60.1 / commit a321547e):

def _get_python_type_override(self, obj: JsonSchemaObject) -> DataType | None:
    x_python_type = obj.extras.get("x-python-type")
    if not x_python_type or not isinstance(x_python_type, str):
        return None
    schema_type = obj.type if isinstance(obj.type, str) else None
    if self._is_compatible_python_type(schema_type, x_python_type):
        return None
    base_type = self._get_python_type_base(x_python_type)
    import_ = self._resolve_type_import(base_type)
    type_str = x_python_type
    prefix = x_python_type.split("[", maxsplit=1)[0]
    if "." in prefix:                                  # only sanitiser
        type_str = base_type + x_python_type[len(prefix):]
        ...
    ...
    result = self.data_type(type=type_str, import_=import_)
    ...
    return result

DataType.type flows unescaped into {{ field.type_hint }} in every model template (model/template/pydantic_v2/BaseModel.jinja2, model/template/dataclass.jinja2, model/template/TypedDictClass.jinja2, model/template/msgspec.jinja2, …).

The only sanitiser — the dot-rewrite at the marked line — fires only when . is in the substring before the first [ in the value. Placing [ early (e.g. X[1]; <payload>) keeps prefix == "X" so the rewrite is skipped and the whole value lands in the generated annotation.

from __future__ import annotations (emitted by default) makes the X[1] portion a lazy string, so X does not need to resolve at runtime. Everything after ; is parsed as a real statement in the class body and is executed when the class is constructed during import.

Output-model types confirmed vulnerable in testing: pydantic_v2.BaseModel, dataclasses.dataclass, typing.TypedDict. msgspec.Struct emits structurally identical code.

PoC

A self-contained PoC is available at: https://gist.github.com/thegr1ffyn/1a7ff2561a581074c49785230b2c5700

Impact

Arbitrary code execution in the developer's interpreter / CI runner as soon as the generated module is imported. Reachable from any workflow that ingests an untrusted JSON Schema:

  • OpenAPI / JSON-Schema documents fetched from third-party services or public registries.
  • Customer-supplied schemas in B2B platforms that auto-generate client SDKs from user input.
  • Schema files added by a malicious commit in a polyglot repository that triggers CI code generation.

The compromise is silent: the schema is valid JSON, the generator emits syntactically clean Python (the trojan statement is a single indented line in the class body), and only the use of the generated file triggers the payload.

Anyone running datamodel-codegen against an attacker-supplied schema is impacted. CI runners and developer workstations are the primary blast radius.

Resolution

The fix validates x-python-type before constructing the generated type annotation. The value is parsed with ast.parse(..., mode="eval") and accepted only when the AST is shaped like a Python type annotation, including names, attributes, subscripts, tuple/list annotation arguments, | unions, and safe literal values where annotation syntax allows them. Statements, calls, and other executable expressions are rejected before code generation. The validator is cached to avoid repeated AST parsing for repeated values.

Remediation

Upgrade to datamodel-code-generator 0.60.2 or later.

This issue affects datamodel-code-generator versions >= 0.51.0, <= 0.60.1 and is fixed in 0.60.2.

Submitted by: Hamza Haroon (thegr1ffyn)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.60.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "datamodel-code-generator"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.51.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.60.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-54655"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-28T21:33:57Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n`datamodel-code-generator` honours a custom `x-python-type` JSON-Schema extension that lets a schema author override the generated Python type for a field. The value is forwarded verbatim into the generated Python source as the field annotation, with a single sanitisation pass that is trivial to bypass. An attacker who controls a JSON Schema fed to `datamodel-codegen` can therefore embed an arbitrary Python statement in the generated module, which executes at class-definition time the moment the developer imports the file. No `--extra-template-data` and no special flags are required; the vulnerable code is reachable with default settings.\n\n### Details\nSink: `src/datamodel_code_generator/parser/jsonschema.py`, `_get_python_type_override` (lines 2055\u20132096, at tag `0.60.1` / commit `a321547e`):\n\n```python\ndef _get_python_type_override(self, obj: JsonSchemaObject) -\u003e DataType | None:\n    x_python_type = obj.extras.get(\"x-python-type\")\n    if not x_python_type or not isinstance(x_python_type, str):\n        return None\n    schema_type = obj.type if isinstance(obj.type, str) else None\n    if self._is_compatible_python_type(schema_type, x_python_type):\n        return None\n    base_type = self._get_python_type_base(x_python_type)\n    import_ = self._resolve_type_import(base_type)\n    type_str = x_python_type\n    prefix = x_python_type.split(\"[\", maxsplit=1)[0]\n    if \".\" in prefix:                                  # only sanitiser\n        type_str = base_type + x_python_type[len(prefix):]\n        ...\n    ...\n    result = self.data_type(type=type_str, import_=import_)\n    ...\n    return result\n```\n\n`DataType.type` flows unescaped into `{{ field.type_hint }}` in every model template\n(`model/template/pydantic_v2/BaseModel.jinja2`,\n`model/template/dataclass.jinja2`,\n`model/template/TypedDictClass.jinja2`,\n`model/template/msgspec.jinja2`, \u2026).\n\nThe only sanitiser \u2014 the dot-rewrite at the marked line \u2014 fires only when `.` is in the substring **before the first `[`** in the value. Placing `[` early (e.g. `X[1]; \u003cpayload\u003e`) keeps `prefix == \"X\"` so the rewrite is skipped and the whole value lands in the generated annotation.\n\n`from __future__ import annotations` (emitted by default) makes the `X[1]` portion a lazy string, so `X` does not need to resolve at runtime. Everything after `;` is parsed as a real statement in the class body and is executed when the class is constructed during `import`.\n\nOutput-model types confirmed vulnerable in testing: `pydantic_v2.BaseModel`, `dataclasses.dataclass`, `typing.TypedDict`. `msgspec.Struct` emits structurally identical code.\n\n### PoC\nA self-contained PoC is available at: https://gist.github.com/thegr1ffyn/1a7ff2561a581074c49785230b2c5700\n\n### Impact\nArbitrary code execution in the developer\u0027s interpreter / CI runner as soon as the generated module is imported. Reachable from any workflow that ingests an untrusted JSON Schema:\n\n- OpenAPI / JSON-Schema documents fetched from third-party services or public registries.\n- Customer-supplied schemas in B2B platforms that auto-generate client SDKs from user input.\n- Schema files added by a malicious commit in a polyglot repository that triggers CI code generation.\n\nThe compromise is silent: the schema is valid JSON, the generator emits syntactically clean Python (the trojan statement is a single indented line in the class body), and only the *use* of the generated file triggers the payload.\n\nAnyone running `datamodel-codegen` against an attacker-supplied schema is impacted. CI runners and developer workstations are the primary blast radius.\n\n### Resolution\n\nThe fix validates `x-python-type` before constructing the generated type annotation. The value is parsed with `ast.parse(..., mode=\"eval\")` and accepted only when the AST is shaped like a Python type annotation, including names, attributes, subscripts, tuple/list annotation arguments, `|` unions, and safe literal values where annotation syntax allows them. Statements, calls, and other executable expressions are rejected before code generation. The validator is cached to avoid repeated AST parsing for repeated values.\n\n### Remediation\n\nUpgrade to `datamodel-code-generator` `0.60.2` or later.\n\nThis issue affects `datamodel-code-generator` versions `\u003e= 0.51.0, \u003c= 0.60.1` and is fixed in `0.60.2`.\n\nSubmitted by: Hamza Haroon (thegr1ffyn)",
  "id": "GHSA-m34r-v34r-rf9q",
  "modified": "2026-07-28T21:33:57Z",
  "published": "2026-07-28T21:33:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/koxudaxi/datamodel-code-generator/security/advisories/GHSA-m34r-v34r-rf9q"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/koxudaxi/datamodel-code-generator/commit/2c93c9b712f43391dcfa975a1e4aa0b7c93ccbba"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/koxudaxi/datamodel-code-generator"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/koxudaxi/datamodel-code-generator/releases/tag/0.60.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "`datamodel-code-generator` vulnerable to code execution on import via `x-python-type` JSON-Schema extension in datamodel-code-generator"
}

GHSA-M367-445C-2XQR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-25 15:31 – Updated: 2025-04-25 17:27
VLAI
Summary
Moodle has an authenticated remote code execution risk in the Moodle LMS EQUELLA repository
Details

A flaw was found in Moodle. A remote code execution risk was identified in the Moodle LMS EQUELLA repository. By default, this was only available to teachers and managers on sites with the EQUELLA repository enabled.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.3.0-beta"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.3.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.4.0-beta"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.4.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.5.0-beta"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.5.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-3642"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-25T17:27:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-25T15:15:38Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in Moodle. A remote code execution risk was identified in the Moodle LMS EQUELLA repository. By default, this was only available to teachers and managers on sites with the EQUELLA repository enabled.",
  "id": "GHSA-m367-445c-2xqr",
  "modified": "2025-04-25T17:27:50Z",
  "published": "2025-04-25T15:31:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3642"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/630fbf6230ee18d63ce69bea34173fb151b599da"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-3642"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2359738"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=467603"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Moodle has an authenticated remote code execution risk in the Moodle LMS EQUELLA repository"
}

GHSA-M36G-M68J-VJWQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:46 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:50
VLAI
Details

The function getopt_simple as described in Advanced Bash Scripting Guide (ISBN 978-1435752184) allows privilege escalation and execution of commands when used in a shell script called, for example, via sudo.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-9891"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-05-31T21:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The function getopt_simple as described in Advanced Bash Scripting Guide (ISBN 978-1435752184) allows privilege escalation and execution of commands when used in a shell script called, for example, via sudo.",
  "id": "GHSA-m36g-m68j-vjwq",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T00:50:10Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:46:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9891"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redteam-pentesting.de/advisories/rt-sa-2019-007"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M36Q-XM37-VJ27

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-27 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-29 15:37
VLAI
Details

A SQL Injection vulnerability was found in /covid-tms/check_availability.php in PHPGurukul COVID 19 Testing Management System v1.0, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the mobnumber POST request parameter.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-53604"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-27T14:15:19Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A SQL Injection vulnerability was found in /covid-tms/check_availability.php in PHPGurukul COVID 19 Testing Management System v1.0, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the mobnumber POST request parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-m36q-xm37-vj27",
  "modified": "2024-11-29T15:37:53Z",
  "published": "2024-11-27T15:31:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53604"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Santoshcyber1/CVE-wirteup/blob/main/Phpgurukul/COVID19/SQL%20Injection%20vulnerability%20mo.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.