CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8897 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JPV3-G4CC-6VFX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-04-02 15:46 – Updated: 2024-03-14 22:09In Apache ActiveMQ 5.0.0 - 5.15.8, unmarshalling corrupt MQTT frame can lead to broker Out of Memory exception making it unresponsive.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.activemq:activemq-client"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.15.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-0222"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:44:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-28T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Apache ActiveMQ 5.0.0 - 5.15.8, unmarshalling corrupt MQTT frame can lead to broker Out of Memory exception making it unresponsive.",
"id": "GHSA-jpv3-g4cc-6vfx",
"modified": "2024-03-14T22:09:43Z",
"published": "2019-04-02T15:46:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/activemq/commit/98b9f2e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/activemq/commit/f78c0962ffb46fae3397eed6b7ec1e6e15045031"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2019-5072835.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190404065432/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107622"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190502-0006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/03/msg00005.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/03/msg00004.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re4672802b0e5ed67c08c9e77057d52138e062f77cc09581b723cf95a@%3Ccommits.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rb698ed085f79e56146ca24ab359c9ef95846618675ea1ef402e04a6d@%3Ccommits.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r946488fb942fd35c6a6e0359f52504a558ed438574a8f14d36d7dcd7@%3Ccommits.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/fcbe6ad00f1de142148c20d813fae3765dc4274955e3e2f3ca19ff7b@%3Cdev.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/d1e334bd71d6e68462c62c726fe6db565c7a6283302f9c1feed087fa@%3Ccommits.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/a859563f05fbe7c31916b3178c2697165bd9bbf5a65d1cf62aef27d2@%3Ccommits.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/7da9636557118178b1690ba0af49c8a7b7b97d925218b5774622f488@%3Cusers.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/71640324661c1b6d0b6708bd4fb20170e1b979370a4b8cddc4f8d485@%3Cdev.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/2b5c0039197a4949f29e1e2c9441ab38d242946b966f61c110808bcc@%3Ccommits.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/03f91b1fb85686a848cee6b90112cf6059bd1b21b23bacaa11a962e1@%3Cdev.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/activemq"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://activemq.apache.org/security-advisories.data/CVE-2019-0222-announcement.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/03/27/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027) in org.apache.activemq:activemq-client"
}
GHSA-JPVF-F2R6-62CQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-23 21:30 – Updated: 2025-12-23 21:30Hugging Face Transformers SEW-D convert_config Code Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Hugging Face Transformers. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must convert a malicious checkpoint.
The specific flaw exists within the convert_config function. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute Python code. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user.
. Was ZDI-CAN-28252.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-14927"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-23T21:15:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Hugging Face Transformers SEW-D convert_config Code Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Hugging Face Transformers. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must convert a malicious checkpoint.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the convert_config function. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute Python code. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user.\n\n. Was ZDI-CAN-28252.",
"id": "GHSA-jpvf-f2r6-62cq",
"modified": "2025-12-23T21:30:29Z",
"published": "2025-12-23T21:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14927"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-1148"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JPVF-FCHH-626J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:20 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:20Apple QuickTime before 7.6.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via crafted image description atoms in an Apple video file, related to a "sign extension issue."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-0955"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-06-02T18:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Apple QuickTime before 7.6.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via crafted image description atoms in an Apple video file, related to a \"sign extension issue.\"",
"id": "GHSA-jpvf-fchh-626j",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:20:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:20:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-0955"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/50895"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A16159"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2009/Jun/msg00000.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/54874"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/35091"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3591"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/35166"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1022314"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/1469"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JPXM-Q897-VMRJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:30 – Updated: 2025-04-09 03:46Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Thierry Leriche Restaurant Management System (ReMaSys) 0.5 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in (1) the DIR_ROOT parameter to (a) global.php, or the (2) DIR_PAGE parameter to (b) template/fr/page.php or (c) page/fr/boxConnection.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-5160"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-10-01T05:17:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Thierry Leriche Restaurant Management System (ReMaSys) 0.5 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in (1) the DIR_ROOT parameter to (a) global.php, or the (2) DIR_PAGE parameter to (b) template/fr/page.php or (c) page/fr/boxConnection.php.",
"id": "GHSA-jpxm-q897-vmrj",
"modified": "2025-04-09T03:46:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-5160"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://arfis.wordpress.com/2007/09/14/rfi-02-remasys"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JQ2M-6M3Q-P6WW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 06:20 – Updated: 2022-05-02 06:20Stack-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel 2002 SP3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an Excel file with a malformed RTD (0x813) record, aka "Excel RTD Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-1246"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-06-08T20:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Stack-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel 2002 SP3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an Excel file with a malformed RTD (0x813) record, aka \"Excel RTD Memory Corruption Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-jq2m-6m3q-p6ww",
"modified": "2022-05-02T06:20:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T06:20:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-1246"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2010/ms10-038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A6839"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/511755/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA10-159B.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JQ43-Q8MX-R7MQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-14 21:58 – Updated: 2024-02-09 00:34Impact
Attacker could modify the window title via a certain character escape sequence and then insert it back to the command line in the user's terminal, e.g. when the user views a file containing the malicious sequence, which could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands.
Credit
These bugs were found and disclosed by David Leadbeater dgl@dgl.cx (@dgl at Github.com)
Patches
Fixed in version ce596e0dc8cdb288bc7ed5c6a59011ee3a8dc171
Workarounds
There are no workarounds available
References
Similar exploits to this existed in the past, for terminal emulators:
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2003-0063 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-2383
Additional background and information is also available:
https://marc.info/?l=bugtraq&m=104612710031920&w=2 https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=510030
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "SwiftURL",
"name": "github.com/migueldeicaza/SwiftTerm"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23465"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-14T21:58:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-02T23:15:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nAttacker could modify the window title via a certain character escape sequence and then insert it back to the command line in the user\u0027s terminal, e.g. when the user views a file containing the malicious sequence, which could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands.\n\n### Credit\nThese bugs were found and disclosed by David Leadbeater \u003cdgl@dgl.cx\u003e (@dgl at Github.com)\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in version ce596e0dc8cdb288bc7ed5c6a59011ee3a8dc171\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere are no workarounds available\n\n### References\n\nSimilar exploits to this existed in the past, for terminal emulators:\n\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2003-0063\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-2383\n\nAdditional background and information is also available:\n\nhttps://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=104612710031920\u0026w=2\nhttps://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=510030\n",
"id": "GHSA-jq43-q8mx-r7mq",
"modified": "2024-02-09T00:34:39Z",
"published": "2023-07-14T21:58:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/migueldeicaza/SwiftTerm/security/advisories/GHSA-jq43-q8mx-r7mq"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23465"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/migueldeicaza/SwiftTerm/commit/a94e6b24d24ce9680ad79884992e1dff8e150a31"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/migueldeicaza/SwiftTerm"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "SwiftTerm Code Injection vulnerability"
}
GHSA-JQ88-M43R-M3PQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:15 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:15Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing a deleted object, aka "Attribute Remove Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-1524"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-07-10T21:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing a deleted object, aka \"Attribute Remove Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-jq88-m43r-m3pq",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:15:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:15:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-1524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2012/ms12-044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A15595"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA12-192A.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JQFR-P8P5-6RP5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:51 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:26cPanel before 71.9980.37 allows code injection in the WHM cPAddons interface (SEC-394).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-20896"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-01T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "cPanel before 71.9980.37 allows code injection in the WHM cPAddons interface (SEC-394).",
"id": "GHSA-jqfr-p8p5-6rp5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:26:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:51:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20896"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.cpanel.net/display/CL/72+Change+Log"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.cpanel.com/cpanel-tsr-2018-0003-full-disclosure"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQHG-J5GV-HPMR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-23 21:31 – Updated: 2026-02-25 15:31TOTOLINK X6000R v9.4.0cu.1498_B20250826 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the NTPSyncWithHost handler of the /usr/sbin/shttpd executable. The host_time parameter is retrieved via sub_40C404 and passed to a date -s shell command through CsteSystem. While the first two tokens of the input are validated, the remainder of the string is not sanitized, allowing authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands via shell metacharacters.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-70328"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-23T21:19:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK X6000R v9.4.0cu.1498_B20250826 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the NTPSyncWithHost handler of the /usr/sbin/shttpd executable. The host_time parameter is retrieved via sub_40C404 and passed to a date -s shell command through CsteSystem. While the first two tokens of the input are validated, the remainder of the string is not sanitized, allowing authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands via shell metacharacters.",
"id": "GHSA-jqhg-j5gv-hpmr",
"modified": "2026-02-25T15:31:37Z",
"published": "2026-02-23T21:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-70328"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/neighborhood-H/0-DAY/blob/main/Toto-link/X6000R/NTPSyncWihtHost/report.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.notion.so/TOTOLINK-X6000R-NTPSyncWithHost-2d170566ca7f803a8096c1b31b2ed42f?source=copy_link"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQHX-M5FH-F7G2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-13 12:31 – Updated: 2026-09-03 21:31Flowise before 3.1.3 contains a code injection vulnerability in the Airtable Agent node that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary Python code by bypassing the pythonCodeValidator blocklist through obfuscation techniques. Attackers can send crafted prompts to a chatflow using the Airtable Agent node to inject malicious Python code that executes in an unsandboxed pyodide environment with full access to the host operating system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-73485"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-13T12:17:23Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Flowise before 3.1.3 contains a code injection vulnerability in the Airtable Agent node that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary Python code by bypassing the pythonCodeValidator blocklist through obfuscation techniques. Attackers can send crafted prompts to a chatflow using the Airtable Agent node to inject malicious Python code that executes in an unsandboxed pyodide environment with full access to the host operating system.",
"id": "GHSA-jqhx-m5fh-f7g2",
"modified": "2026-09-03T21:31:14Z",
"published": "2026-08-13T12:31:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-c5hr-rc98-xp3g"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-73485"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/flowise-before-remote-code-execution-via-airtable-agent"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.