CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8378 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5882-5RX9-XGXP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-16 20:59 – Updated: 2026-06-05 16:23A critical remote code execution vulnerability exists in the Crawl4AI Docker API deployment. The /crawl endpoint accepts a hooks parameter containing Python code that is executed using exec(). The __import__ builtin was included in the allowed builtins, allowing attackers to import arbitrary modules and execute system commands.
Attack Vector:
POST /crawl
{
"urls": ["https://example.com"],
"hooks": {
"code": {
"on_page_context_created": "async def hook(page, context, **kwargs):\n __import__('os').system('malicious_command')\n return page"
}
}
}
Impact
An unauthenticated attacker can: - Execute arbitrary system commands - Read/write files on the server - Exfiltrate sensitive data (environment variables, API keys) - Pivot to internal network services - Completely compromise the server
Mitigation
- Upgrade to v0.8.0 (recommended)
- If unable to upgrade immediately:
- Disable the Docker API
- Block
/crawlendpoint at network level - Add authentication to the API
Fix Details
- Removed
__import__fromallowed_builtinsinhook_manager.py - Hooks disabled by default (
CRAWL4AI_HOOKS_ENABLED=false) - Users must explicitly opt-in to enable hooks
Credits
Discovered by Neo by ProjectDiscovery (https://projectdiscovery.io)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Crawl4AI"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.8.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-26216"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-16T20:59:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-12T16:16:17Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A critical remote code execution vulnerability exists in the Crawl4AI Docker API deployment. The `/crawl` endpoint accepts a `hooks` parameter containing Python code that is executed using `exec()`. The `__import__` builtin was included in the allowed builtins, allowing attackers to import arbitrary modules and execute system commands.\n\n**Attack Vector:**\n```json\nPOST /crawl\n{\n \"urls\": [\"https://example.com\"],\n \"hooks\": {\n \"code\": {\n \"on_page_context_created\": \"async def hook(page, context, **kwargs):\\n __import__(\u0027os\u0027).system(\u0027malicious_command\u0027)\\n return page\"\n }\n }\n}\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAn unauthenticated attacker can:\n- Execute arbitrary system commands\n- Read/write files on the server\n- Exfiltrate sensitive data (environment variables, API keys)\n- Pivot to internal network services\n- Completely compromise the server\n\n### Mitigation\n\n1. **Upgrade to v0.8.0** (recommended)\n2. If unable to upgrade immediately:\n - Disable the Docker API\n - Block `/crawl` endpoint at network level\n - Add authentication to the API\n\n### Fix Details\n\n1. Removed `__import__` from `allowed_builtins` in `hook_manager.py`\n2. Hooks disabled by default (`CRAWL4AI_HOOKS_ENABLED=false`)\n3. Users must explicitly opt-in to enable hooks\n\n### Credits\n\nDiscovered by Neo by ProjectDiscovery (https://projectdiscovery.io)",
"id": "GHSA-5882-5rx9-xgxp",
"modified": "2026-06-05T16:23:37Z",
"published": "2026-01-16T20:59:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai/security/advisories/GHSA-5882-5rx9-xgxp"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26216"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/crawl4ai/PYSEC-2026-33.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai/blob/main/docs/blog/release-v0.8.0.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai/blob/release/v0.8.0/docs/blog/release-v0.8.0.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai/blob/release/v0.8.0/docs/migration/v0.8.0-upgrade-guide.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/crawl4ai-docker-api-unauthenticated-remote-code-execution-via-hooks-parameter"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Crawl4AI is Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in Docker API via Hooks Parameter"
}
GHSA-5888-FFCR-R425
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-09 22:20 – Updated: 2023-10-23 19:20Impact
This is critical vulnerability, as it allows to run arbitrary code on any server using superjson input, including a Blitz.js server, without prior authentication or knowledge. Attackers gain full control over the server so they could steal and manipulate data or attack further systems. The only requirement is that the server implements at least one endpoint which uses superjson during request processing. In the case of Blitz.js, it would be at least one RPC call.
Patches
This has been patched in superjson 1.8.1 and Blitz.js 0.45.3.
If you are unable to upgrade to Blitz.js 0.45.3 in a timely manner, you can instead upgrade only superjson to version 1.8.1 using yarn resolutions are similar. Blitz versions < 0.45.3 are only affected because they used superjson versions < 1.8.1.
Workarounds
None
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in https://github.com/blitz-js/superjson * Email us at b@bayer.ws
References
- https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/blitzjs-prototype-pollution/
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "superjson"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.8.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "blitz"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.45.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23631"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-02-09T22:20:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-09T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nThis is critical vulnerability, as it allows to run arbitrary code on any server using superjson input, including a Blitz.js server, without prior authentication or knowledge. Attackers gain full control over the server so they could steal and manipulate data or attack further systems. The only requirement is that the server implements at least one endpoint which uses superjson during request processing. In the case of Blitz.js, it would be at least one RPC call. \n\n### Patches\nThis has been patched in superjson 1.8.1 and Blitz.js 0.45.3. \n\nIf you are unable to upgrade to Blitz.js 0.45.3 in a timely manner, you can instead upgrade only superjson to version 1.8.1 using yarn resolutions are similar. Blitz versions \u003c 0.45.3 are only affected because they used superjson versions \u003c 1.8.1.\n\n### Workarounds\nNone\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in https://github.com/blitz-js/superjson\n* Email us at b@bayer.ws\n\n### References\n* https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/blitzjs-prototype-pollution/",
"id": "GHSA-5888-ffcr-r425",
"modified": "2023-10-23T19:20:21Z",
"published": "2022-02-09T22:20:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/blitz-js/superjson/security/advisories/GHSA-5888-ffcr-r425"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23631"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-5888-ffcr-r425"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/blitz-js/superjson"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/blitzjs-prototype-pollution"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Prototype Pollution leading to Remote Code Execution in superjson"
}
GHSA-588C-3C3H-7VCQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-22 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-29 00:01The Amelia WordPress plugin before 1.0.47 stores image blobs into actual files whose extension is controlled by the user, which may lead to PHP backdoors being uploaded onto the site. This vulnerability can be exploited by logged-in users with the custom "Amelia Manager" role.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0687"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-21T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Amelia WordPress plugin before 1.0.47 stores image blobs into actual files whose extension is controlled by the user, which may lead to PHP backdoors being uploaded onto the site. This vulnerability can be exploited by logged-in users with the custom \"Amelia Manager\" role.",
"id": "GHSA-588c-3c3h-7vcq",
"modified": "2022-03-29T00:01:24Z",
"published": "2022-03-22T00:00:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0687"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/3cf05815-9b74-4491-a935-d69a0834146c"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-588H-CPR3-X2R9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-30 18:22 – Updated: 2022-04-30 18:22PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in artlist.php in Thatware 0.5.2 and 0.5.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the root_path parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2002-2297"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2002-12-31T05:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in artlist.php in Thatware 0.5.2 and 0.5.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the root_path parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-588h-cpr3-x2r9",
"modified": "2022-04-30T18:22:54Z",
"published": "2022-04-30T18:22:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2002-2297"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/10758"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2002-12/0000.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1005733"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-5892-JW8M-4684
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-11 15:32 – Updated: 2025-04-11 18:31Processing web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. This issue is fixed in iOS 17 and iPadOS 17, macOS Sonoma 14, watchOS 10, tvOS 17, Safari 17. The issue was addressed with improved memory handling.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42875"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-11T15:15:44Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Processing web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. This issue is fixed in iOS 17 and iPadOS 17, macOS Sonoma 14, watchOS 10, tvOS 17, Safari 17. The issue was addressed with improved memory handling.",
"id": "GHSA-5892-jw8m-4684",
"modified": "2025-04-11T18:31:05Z",
"published": "2025-04-11T15:32:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42875"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120330"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120947"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120948"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120949"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120950"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-589G-VGQ7-8XV6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 06:11 – Updated: 2022-05-02 06:11Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing an object that (1) was not properly initialized or (2) is deleted, leading to memory corruption, aka "Uninitialized Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2009-3671, CVE-2009-3674, and CVE-2010-0246.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-0245"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-01-22T22:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing an object that (1) was not properly initialized or (2) is deleted, leading to memory corruption, aka \"Uninitialized Memory Corruption Vulnerability,\" a different vulnerability than CVE-2009-3671, CVE-2009-3674, and CVE-2010-0246.",
"id": "GHSA-589g-vgq7-8xv6",
"modified": "2022-05-02T06:11:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T06:11:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-0245"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2010/ms10-002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/55775"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A8491"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-58FM-M7HR-HVWC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:39 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:39PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in social_game_play.php in Social Site Generator (SSG) 2.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the path parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-6421"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-03-06T18:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in social_game_play.php in Social Site Generator (SSG) 2.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the path parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-58fm-m7hr-hvwc",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:39:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:39:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-6421"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/42780"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/5707"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/45865"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30462"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/29462"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-58JX-V4Q9-WGXJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:05 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:05PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in watermark.php in the vm (aka Jean-Francois Laflamme) watermark 0.4.1 mod for Gallery allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the GALLERY_BASEDIR parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-2575"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-05-09T21:19:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in watermark.php in the vm (aka Jean-Francois Laflamme) watermark 0.4.1 mod for Gallery allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the GALLERY_BASEDIR parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-58jx-v4q9-wgxj",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:05:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:05:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-2575"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/34112"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/3857"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/37655"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/1674"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-58M2-C5RP-JR5W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:20 – Updated: 2022-07-29 00:00The Similar Posts WordPress plugin through 3.1.5 allow high privilege users to execute arbitrary PHP code in an hardened environment (ie with DISALLOW_FILE_EDIT, DISALLOW_FILE_MODS and DISALLOW_UNFILTERED_HTML set to true) via the 'widget_rrm_similar_posts_condition' widget setting of the plugin.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-24537"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-08T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Similar Posts WordPress plugin through 3.1.5 allow high privilege users to execute arbitrary PHP code in an hardened environment (ie with DISALLOW_FILE_EDIT, DISALLOW_FILE_MODS and DISALLOW_UNFILTERED_HTML set to true) via the \u0027widget_rrm_similar_posts_condition\u0027 widget setting of the plugin.",
"id": "GHSA-58m2-c5rp-jr5w",
"modified": "2022-07-29T00:00:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:20:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-24537"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/0d6b46cb-5244-486f-ad70-4023907ac9eb"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-58M3-RCVP-F9WW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-27 21:32 – Updated: 2025-10-15 15:48In h2oai/h2o-3 version 3.46.0, the run_tool command in the rapids component allows the main function of any class under the water.tools namespace to be called. One such class, MojoConvertTool, crashes the server when invoked with an invalid argument, causing a denial of service.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "h2o"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "3.46.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5979"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-28T21:09:00Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-27T19:15:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In h2oai/h2o-3 version 3.46.0, the `run_tool` command in the `rapids` component allows the `main` function of any class under the `water.tools` namespace to be called. One such class, `MojoConvertTool`, crashes the server when invoked with an invalid argument, causing a denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-58m3-rcvp-f9ww",
"modified": "2025-10-15T15:48:42Z",
"published": "2024-06-27T21:32:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5979"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/h2oai/h2o-3/commit/d0899f8e0f7a584b60405a65b1d7b439aaaa55a5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/h2oai/h2o-3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/d80a2139-fc03-44b7-b739-de41e323b458"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "h2o vulnerable to unexpected POST request shutting down server"
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.