CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8353 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3Q79-GJF7-RWWF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-10-25 19:00ZStack is open source IaaS(infrastructure as a service) software aiming to automate datacenters, managing resources of compute, storage, and networking all by APIs. Affected versions of ZStack REST API are vulnerable to post-authentication Remote Code Execution (RCE) via bypass of the Groovy shell sandbox. The REST API exposes the GET zstack/v1/batch-queries?script endpoint which is backed up by the BatchQueryAction class. Messages are represented by the APIBatchQueryMsg, dispatched to the QueryFacadeImpl facade and handled by the BatchQuery class. The HTTP request parameter script is mapped to the APIBatchQueryMsg.script property and evaluated as a Groovy script in BatchQuery.query the evaluation of the user-controlled Groovy script is sandboxed by SandboxTransformer which will apply the restrictions defined in the registered (sandbox.register()) GroovyInterceptor. Even though the sandbox heavily restricts the receiver types to a small set of allowed types, the sandbox is non effective at controlling any code placed in Java annotations and therefore vulnerable to meta-programming escapes. This issue leads to post-authenticated remote code execution. For more details see the referenced GHSL-2021-065. This issue is patched in versions 3.8.21, 3.10.8, and 4.1.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32829"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-863",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-17T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "ZStack is open source IaaS(infrastructure as a service) software aiming to automate datacenters, managing resources of compute, storage, and networking all by APIs. Affected versions of ZStack REST API are vulnerable to post-authentication Remote Code Execution (RCE) via bypass of the Groovy shell sandbox. The REST API exposes the GET zstack/v1/batch-queries?script endpoint which is backed up by the BatchQueryAction class. Messages are represented by the APIBatchQueryMsg, dispatched to the QueryFacadeImpl facade and handled by the BatchQuery class. The HTTP request parameter script is mapped to the APIBatchQueryMsg.script property and evaluated as a Groovy script in BatchQuery.query the evaluation of the user-controlled Groovy script is sandboxed by SandboxTransformer which will apply the restrictions defined in the registered (sandbox.register()) GroovyInterceptor. Even though the sandbox heavily restricts the receiver types to a small set of allowed types, the sandbox is non effective at controlling any code placed in Java annotations and therefore vulnerable to meta-programming escapes. This issue leads to post-authenticated remote code execution. For more details see the referenced GHSL-2021-065. This issue is patched in versions 3.8.21, 3.10.8, and 4.1.0.",
"id": "GHSA-3q79-gjf7-rwwf",
"modified": "2022-10-25T19:00:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zstackio/zstack/security/advisories/GHSA-6xgq-7rqg-x3q5"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32829"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.orange.tw/2019/02/abusing-meta-programming-for-unauthenticated-rce.html"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2021-065-zstack"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3Q7V-8C55-WJVJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:29 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:29The JScript scripting engine 5.1, 5.6, 5.7, and 5.8 in JScript.dll in Microsoft Windows, as used in Internet Explorer, does not properly load decoded scripts into memory before execution, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted web site that triggers memory corruption, aka "JScript Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-1920"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-09-08T22:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The JScript scripting engine 5.1, 5.6, 5.7, and 5.8 in JScript.dll in Microsoft Windows, as used in Internet Explorer, does not properly load decoded scripts into memory before execution, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted web site that triggers memory corruption, aka \"JScript Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-3q7v-8c55-wjvj",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:29:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:29:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-1920"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2009/ms09-045"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A6316"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA09-251A.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3Q93-H5P2-5MX8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-21 12:33 – Updated: 2026-07-21 12:33Grav 2.0.4 (fixed in 2.0.7) contains a remote code execution vulnerability in Blueprint::dynamicData() (system/src/Grav/Common/Data/Blueprint.php), which passes a Class::method callable string and its arguments directly to call_user_func_array() without any allowlist. Because the form plugin routes page frontmatter through this path, an authenticated account with the admin.pages (or api.pages.write) permission can plant a malicious callable directive in a page. The command then executes as the web-server user whenever anyone — including an unauthenticated visitor — accesses the page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-65008"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T12:19:01Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Grav 2.0.4 (fixed in 2.0.7) contains a remote code execution vulnerability in Blueprint::dynamicData() (system/src/Grav/Common/Data/Blueprint.php), which passes a Class::method callable string and its arguments directly to call_user_func_array() without any allowlist. Because the form plugin routes page frontmatter through this path, an authenticated account with the admin.pages (or api.pages.write) permission can plant a malicious callable directive in a page. The command then executes as the web-server user whenever anyone \u2014 including an unauthenticated visitor \u2014 accesses the page.",
"id": "GHSA-3q93-h5p2-5mx8",
"modified": "2026-07-21T12:33:37Z",
"published": "2026-07-21T12:33:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-fj2p-qj2f-74v5"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-65008"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/grav-before-remote-code-execution-via-blueprint-dynamicdata"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3Q9V-PR9M-M226
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-09 18:30The Paid Membership Plugin, Ecommerce, User Registration Form, Login Form, User Profile & Restrict Content – ProfilePress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 4.16.7 due to insufficient input sanitization on the type parameter in the form preview functionality. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to execute arbitrary shortcodes via the pp_preview_form endpoint.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13642"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:17:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Paid Membership Plugin, Ecommerce, User Registration Form, Login Form, User Profile \u0026 Restrict Content \u2013 ProfilePress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 4.16.7 due to insufficient input sanitization on the `type` parameter in the form preview functionality. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to execute arbitrary shortcodes via the `pp_preview_form` endpoint.",
"id": "GHSA-3q9v-pr9m-m226",
"modified": "2025-12-09T18:30:35Z",
"published": "2025-12-09T18:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13642"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-user-avatar/trunk/src/Classes/FormPreviewHandler.php#L15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-user-avatar/trunk/src/Classes/FormPreviewHandler.php#L71"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3408055"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4736d139-814e-4eeb-91e8-5ee41fc35a8f?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3QGH-3GR3-38FG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-01 00:31 – Updated: 2026-05-01 00:31IBM Langflow Desktop 1.0.0 through 1.8.4 Langflow allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the process running Langflow. This allows reading sensitive environment variables (API keys, DB credentials), modifying files, or launching further attacks on the internal network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-6543"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-30T22:16:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Langflow Desktop 1.0.0 through 1.8.4 Langflow allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the process running Langflow. This allows reading sensitive environment variables (API keys, DB credentials), modifying files, or launching further attacks on the internal network.",
"id": "GHSA-3qgh-3gr3-38fg",
"modified": "2026-05-01T00:31:27Z",
"published": "2026-05-01T00:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6543"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7271092"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3QH4-R86R-GRVM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-02 18:24 – Updated: 2020-08-31 18:36Versions of typed-function prior to 0.10.6 are vulnerable to Arbitrary JavaScript Execution. Function names are not properly sanitized and may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code.
Recommendation
Upgrade to version 0.10.6 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "typed-function"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.10.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1001004"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:36:57Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Versions of `typed-function` prior to 0.10.6 are vulnerable to Arbitrary JavaScript Execution. Function names are not properly sanitized and may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpgrade to version 0.10.6 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-3qh4-r86r-grvm",
"modified": "2020-08-31T18:36:57Z",
"published": "2020-09-02T18:24:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1001004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/josdejong/typed-function/commit/6478ef4f2c3f3c2d9f2c820e2db4b4ba3425e6fe"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/josdejong/typed-function/commit/6478ef4f2c3f3c2d9f2c820e2db4b4ba3425e6fe?diff=split#diff-9e1f22c2954a38db1fdf444dbc74e0a8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/josdejong/typed-function/blob/master/HISTORY.md#2017-11-18-version-0106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-TYPEDFUNCTION-174139"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/819"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Arbitrary JavaScript Execution in typed-function"
}
GHSA-3QJG-973R-4W6W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 06:11 – Updated: 2022-05-02 06:11Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 6 SP1, 7, and 8 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing an object that (1) was not properly initialized or (2) is deleted, leading to memory corruption, aka "Uninitialized Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2009-2530 and CVE-2009-2531.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-0244"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-01-22T22:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 6 SP1, 7, and 8 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing an object that (1) was not properly initialized or (2) is deleted, leading to memory corruption, aka \"Uninitialized Memory Corruption Vulnerability,\" a different vulnerability than CVE-2009-2530 and CVE-2009-2531.",
"id": "GHSA-3qjg-973r-4w6w",
"modified": "2022-05-02T06:11:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T06:11:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-0244"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2010/ms10-002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/55774"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A8186"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3QMW-8XGV-P6C8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:28 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:28Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in X-Cart allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the xcart_dir parameter to (1) config.php, (2) prepare.php, (3) smarty.php, (4) customer/product.php, (5) provider/auth.php, and (6) admin/auth.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-4907"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-09-17T16:17:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in X-Cart allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the xcart_dir parameter to (1) config.php, (2) prepare.php, (3) smarty.php, (4) customer/product.php, (5) provider/auth.php, and (6) admin/auth.php.",
"id": "GHSA-3qmw-8xgv-p6c8",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:28:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:28:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-4907"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/36574"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/4396"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/38972"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/38973"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/38974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/38976"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/38977"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/25637"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3QRF-2XJ8-M9MV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-26 03:36 – Updated: 2024-11-26 03:36IBM Data Virtualization Manager for z/OS 1.1 and 1.2 could allow an authenticated user to inject malicious JDBC URL parameters and execute code on the server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-52899"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-26T01:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Data Virtualization Manager for z/OS 1.1 and 1.2 could allow an authenticated user to inject malicious JDBC URL parameters and execute code on the server.",
"id": "GHSA-3qrf-2xj8-m9mv",
"modified": "2024-11-26T03:36:38Z",
"published": "2024-11-26T03:36:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-52899"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7177091"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3QXV-8PQM-XQW3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:45 – Updated: 2022-05-01 07:45** DISPUTED ** Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Morcego CMS 0.9.6 and earlier allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the (1) fichero parameter to morcegoCMS.php or the (2) path parameter to adodb/adodb.inc.php. NOTE: vector 1 has been disputed by a third party who shows that $fichero can not be controlled by an attacker.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-7181"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-03-30T10:19:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "** DISPUTED ** Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Morcego CMS 0.9.6 and earlier allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the (1) fichero parameter to morcegoCMS.php or the (2) path parameter to adodb/adodb.inc.php. NOTE: vector 1 has been disputed by a third party who shows that $fichero can not be controlled by an attacker.",
"id": "GHSA-3qxv-8pqm-xqw3",
"modified": "2022-05-01T07:45:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T07:45:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-7181"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/2494"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/448545/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/485403/100/0/threaded"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.