Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8320 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-368C-MF93-2QRQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:06 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:06
VLAI
Details

Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in install.php in Web Reference Database (aka refbase) through 0.9.6 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the (1) pathToMYSQL or (2) databaseStructureFile parameter, a different issue than CVE-2015-6008.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-7381"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2015-09-28T02:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in install.php in Web Reference Database (aka refbase) through 0.9.6 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the (1) pathToMYSQL or (2) databaseStructureFile parameter, a different issue than CVE-2015-6008.",
  "id": "GHSA-368c-mf93-2qrq",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T04:06:49Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T04:06:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-7381"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/374092"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-368Q-2RMX-WG7F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:38 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:38
VLAI
Details

Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in Mini File Host 1.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in an unspecified directory, as demonstrated by creating a name.php file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-6785"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-05-01T18:30:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in Mini File Host 1.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in an unspecified directory, as demonstrated by creating a name.php file.",
  "id": "GHSA-368q-2rmx-wg7f",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T00:38:16Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:38:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-6785"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/47460"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/7509"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-36CC-Q99J-CG4R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-19 09:31 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:45
VLAI
Details

Use of potentially dangerous function issue exists in Ricoh Streamline NX PC Client. If this vulnerability is exploited, an attacker may create an arbitrary file in the PC where the product is installed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-37124"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-19T07:15:46Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Use of potentially dangerous function issue exists in Ricoh Streamline NX PC Client. If this vulnerability is exploited, an attacker may create an arbitrary file in the PC where the product is installed.",
  "id": "GHSA-36cc-q99j-cg4r",
  "modified": "2024-07-03T18:45:50Z",
  "published": "2024-06-19T09:31:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37124"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN00442488"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ricoh.com/products/security/vulnerabilities/vul?id=ricoh-2024-000006"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-36P3-WJMG-H94X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-31 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-22 19:18
VLAI
Summary
Remote Code Execution in Spring Framework
Details

Spring Framework prior to versions 5.2.20 and 5.3.18 contains a remote code execution vulnerability known as Spring4Shell.

Impact

A Spring MVC or Spring WebFlux application running on JDK 9+ may be vulnerable to remote code execution (RCE) via data binding. The specific exploit requires the application to run on Tomcat as a WAR deployment. If the application is deployed as a Spring Boot executable jar, i.e. the default, it is not vulnerable to the exploit. However, the nature of the vulnerability is more general, and there may be other ways to exploit it.

These are the prerequisites for the exploit: - JDK 9 or higher - Apache Tomcat as the Servlet container - Packaged as WAR - spring-webmvc or spring-webflux dependency

Patches

Workarounds

For those who are unable to upgrade, leaked reports recommend setting disallowedFields on WebDataBinder through an @ControllerAdvice. This works generally, but as a centrally applied workaround fix, may leave some loopholes, in particular if a controller sets disallowedFields locally through its own @InitBinder method, which overrides the global setting.

To apply the workaround in a more fail-safe way, applications could extend RequestMappingHandlerAdapter to update the WebDataBinder at the end after all other initialization. In order to do that, a Spring Boot application can declare a WebMvcRegistrations bean (Spring MVC) or a WebFluxRegistrations bean (Spring WebFlux).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.springframework:spring-beans"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.2.20.RELEASE"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.springframework:spring-beans"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.3.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.springframework:spring-webmvc"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.2.20.RELEASE"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.springframework:spring-webmvc"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.3.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.5.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.6.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.6.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.springframework:spring-webflux"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.2.20.RELEASE"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.springframework:spring-webflux"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.3.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-webflux"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.5.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-webflux"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.6.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.6.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-22965"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-74",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-03-31T18:30:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-01T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Spring Framework prior to versions 5.2.20 and 5.3.18 contains a remote code execution vulnerability known as `Spring4Shell`. \n\n## Impact\n\nA Spring MVC or Spring WebFlux application running on JDK 9+ may be vulnerable to remote code execution (RCE) via data binding. The specific exploit requires the application to run on Tomcat as a WAR deployment. If the application is deployed as a Spring Boot executable jar, i.e. the default, it is not vulnerable to the exploit. However, the nature of the vulnerability is more general, and there may be other ways to exploit it.\n\nThese are the prerequisites for the exploit:\n- JDK 9 or higher\n- Apache Tomcat as the Servlet container\n- Packaged as WAR\n- `spring-webmvc` or `spring-webflux` dependency\n\n## Patches\n\n- Spring Framework [5.3.18](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/releases/tag/v5.3.18) and [5.2.20](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/releases/tag/v5.2.20.RELEASE)\n- Spring Boot [2.6.6](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/releases/tag/v2.6.6) and [2.5.12](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/releases/tag/v2.5.12)\n\n## Workarounds\n\nFor those who are unable to upgrade, leaked reports recommend setting `disallowedFields` on `WebDataBinder` through an `@ControllerAdvice`. This works generally, but as a centrally applied workaround fix, may leave some loopholes, in particular if a controller sets `disallowedFields` locally through its own `@InitBinder` method, which overrides the global setting.\n\nTo apply the workaround in a more fail-safe way, applications could extend `RequestMappingHandlerAdapter` to update the `WebDataBinder` at the end after all other initialization. In order to do that, a Spring Boot application can declare a `WebMvcRegistrations` bean (Spring MVC) or a `WebFluxRegistrations` bean (Spring WebFlux).",
  "id": "GHSA-36p3-wjmg-h94x",
  "modified": "2025-10-22T19:18:34Z",
  "published": "2022-03-31T18:30:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22965"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/commit/002546b3e4b8d791ea6acccb81eb3168f51abb15"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-254054.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/releases/tag/v2.5.12"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/releases/tag/v2.6.6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/releases/tag/v5.2.20.RELEASE"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/releases/tag/v5.3.18"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2022-0005"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://spring.io/blog/2022/03/31/spring-framework-rce-early-announcement"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tanzu.vmware.com/security/cve-2022-22965"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-java-spring-rce-Zx9GUc67"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-22965"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/970766"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/166713/Spring4Shell-Code-Execution.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167011/Spring4Shell-Spring-Framework-Class-Property-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Remote Code Execution in Spring Framework"
}

GHSA-36P7-VC44-83PF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-12 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-30 03:37
VLAI
Details

A code injection vulnerability in version 0.4.17 or later of the ChromaDB Python project allows an authenticated attacker to run arbitrary code on the server by sending a malicious model repository and trust_remote_code set to true in the /api/v2/tenants/default_tenant/databases/default_database/collections/{collection_id} if they have the UPDATE_COLLECTION permission.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-45833"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T16:16:29Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A code injection vulnerability in version 0.4.17 or later of the ChromaDB Python project allows an authenticated attacker to run arbitrary code on the server by sending a malicious model repository and trust_remote_code set to true in the\u00a0/api/v2/tenants/default_tenant/databases/default_database/collections/{collection_id} if they have the UPDATE_COLLECTION permission.",
  "id": "GHSA-36p7-vc44-83pf",
  "modified": "2026-06-30T03:37:02Z",
  "published": "2026-06-12T18:31:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45833"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-45833"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2488430"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-45833.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.hiddenlayer.com/sai-security-advisory/2026-06-chromadb-5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-36P8-9JXX-P4V9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-28 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32
VLAI
Details

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in LUBUS WP Query Console allows Code Injection.This issue affects WP Query Console: from n/a through 1.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-50498"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-28T12:15:17Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027) vulnerability in LUBUS WP Query Console allows Code Injection.This issue affects WP Query Console: from n/a through 1.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-36p8-9jxx-p4v9",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:10Z",
  "published": "2024-10-28T12:30:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50498"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/JoshuaProvoste/0-click-RCE-Exploit-for-CVE-2024-50498"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wp-query-console/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-query-console-plugin-1-0-remote-code-execution-rce-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wp-query-console/wordpress-wp-query-console-plugin-1-0-remote-code-execution-rce-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-36QM-9899-6333

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:32 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:32
VLAI
Details

PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in common.php in LiveAlbum 0.9.0, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the livealbum_dir parameter.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2007-5315"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2007-10-09T21:17:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in common.php in LiveAlbum 0.9.0, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the livealbum_dir parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-36qm-9899-6333",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T18:32:15Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T18:32:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-5315"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/37028"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/4503"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/37618"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/27139"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/3446"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-36QP-P5P2-RM5X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:29 – Updated: 2022-05-01 07:29
VLAI
Details

Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Rhode Island Open Meetings Filing Application (OMFA) allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the PROJECT_ROOT parameter to (1) editmeetings/session.php, (2) email/session.php, (3) entityproperties/session.php, or (4) inc/mail.php.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2006-5517"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2006-10-26T16:07:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Rhode Island Open Meetings Filing Application (OMFA) allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the PROJECT_ROOT parameter to (1) editmeetings/session.php, (2) email/session.php, (3) entityproperties/session.php, or (4) inc/mail.php.",
  "id": "GHSA-36qp-p5p2-rm5x",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T07:29:16Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T07:29:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-5517"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/29773"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/2609"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/22503"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/1775"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/29975"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/29976"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/29977"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/29978"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/449396/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/20656"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/4144"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-36QQ-9V26-CRFG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-15 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-16 18:31
VLAI
Details

An SSTI (Server-Side Template Injection) vulnerability exists in the get_address_display method of Frappe ERPNext through 15.89.0. This function renders address templates using frappe.render_template() with a context derived from the address_dict parameter, which can be either a dictionary or a string referencing an Address document. Although ERPNext uses a custom Jinja2 SandboxedEnvironment, dangerous functions like frappe.db.sql remain accessible via get_safe_globals(). An authenticated attacker with permission to create or modify an Address Template can inject arbitrary Jinja expressions into the template field. By creating an Address document with a matching country, and then calling the get_address_display API with address_dict="address_name", the system will render the malicious template using attacker-controlled data. This leads to server-side code execution or database information disclosure.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-66437"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-15T18:15:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An SSTI (Server-Side Template Injection) vulnerability exists in the get_address_display method of Frappe ERPNext through 15.89.0. This function renders address templates using frappe.render_template() with a context derived from the address_dict parameter, which can be either a dictionary or a string referencing an Address document. Although ERPNext uses a custom Jinja2 SandboxedEnvironment, dangerous functions like frappe.db.sql remain accessible via get_safe_globals(). An authenticated attacker with permission to create or modify an Address Template can inject arbitrary Jinja expressions into the template field. By creating an Address document with a matching country, and then calling the get_address_display API with address_dict=\"address_name\", the system will render the malicious template using attacker-controlled data. This leads to server-side code execution or database information disclosure.",
  "id": "GHSA-36qq-9v26-crfg",
  "modified": "2025-12-16T18:31:31Z",
  "published": "2025-12-15T18:30:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66437"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://iamanc.github.io/post/erpnext-ssti-bug-4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.notion.so/SSTI-bug-4-239e6086eadc80aa9331fba874c674a5?source=copy_link"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-36VR-CPP3-VRWF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-28 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-07 00:00
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in Analytics Stats Counter Statistics Plugin 1.2.2.5 and classified as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing. The manipulation leads to code injection. The attack may be initiated remotely.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-20099"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-27T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in Analytics Stats Counter Statistics Plugin 1.2.2.5 and classified as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing. The manipulation leads to code injection. The attack may be initiated remotely.",
  "id": "GHSA-36vr-cpp3-vrwf",
  "modified": "2022-07-07T00:00:23Z",
  "published": "2022-06-28T00:00:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-20099"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.97367"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2017/Feb/74"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.