CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8342 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2FF5-6F9M-635Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-15 09:30 – Updated: 2025-04-15 09:30In versions prior to Aidex 1.7, an authenticated malicious user, taking advantage of an open registry, could execute unauthorised commands within the system. This includes executing operating system (Unix) commands, interacting with internal services such as PHP or MySQL, and even invoking native functions of the framework used, such as Laravel or Symfony. This execution is achieved by Prompt Injection attacks through the /api//message endpoint, manipulating the content of the ‘content’ parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3579"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-15T09:15:13Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In versions prior to Aidex 1.7, an authenticated malicious user, taking advantage of an open registry, could execute unauthorised commands within the system. This includes executing operating system (Unix) commands, interacting with internal services such as PHP or MySQL, and even invoking native functions of the framework used, such as Laravel or Symfony. This execution is achieved by Prompt Injection attacks through the /api/\u003cstring-chat\u003e/message endpoint, manipulating the content of the \u2018content\u2019 parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-2ff5-6f9m-635q",
"modified": "2025-04-15T09:30:34Z",
"published": "2025-04-15T09:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3579"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-aidex"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FFV-4GJR-39H9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:20 – Updated: 2022-05-01 07:20PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in headlines.php in Fantastic News 2.1.4, and possibly earlier, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the CONFIG[script_path] parameter, a different vector than CVE-2006-1154.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-4671"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2006-09-11T16:04:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in headlines.php in Fantastic News 2.1.4, and possibly earlier, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the CONFIG[script_path] parameter, a different vector than CVE-2006-1154.",
"id": "GHSA-2ffv-4gjr-39h9",
"modified": "2022-05-01T07:20:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T07:20:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-4671"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/31121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/3027"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21807"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/23519"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/21796"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/3513"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2FFV-R4R9-R8XR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-15 21:52 – Updated: 2024-05-15 21:52Application's using the "cookie" session driver were the primary applications affected by this vulnerability. Since we have not yet released a security release for the Laravel 5.5 version of the framework, we recommend that all applications running Laravel 5.5 and earlier do not use the "cookie" session driver in their production deployments.
Regarding the vulnerability, applications using the "cookie" session driver that were also exposing an encryption oracle via their application were vulnerable to remote code execution. An encryption oracle is a mechanism where arbitrary user input is encrypted and the encrypted string is later displayed or exposed to the user. This combination of scenarios lets the user generate valid Laravel signed encryption strings for any plain-text string, thus allowing them to craft Laravel session payloads when an application is using the "cookie" driver.
This fix prefixes cookie values with an HMAC hash of the cookie's name before encryption and then verifies a matching hash on decryption, making it impossible to craft a valid cookie payload even if an encryption oracle is exposed via the application.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "illuminate/cookie"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.18.31"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "illuminate/cookie"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.22.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-15T21:52:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Application\u0027s using the \"cookie\" session driver were the primary applications affected by this vulnerability. Since we have not yet released a security release for the Laravel 5.5 version of the framework, we recommend that all applications running Laravel 5.5 and earlier do not use the \"cookie\" session driver in their production deployments.\n\nRegarding the vulnerability, applications using the \"cookie\" session driver that were also exposing an encryption oracle via their application were vulnerable to remote code execution. An encryption oracle is a mechanism where arbitrary user input is encrypted and the encrypted string is later displayed or exposed to the user. This combination of scenarios lets the user generate valid Laravel signed encryption strings for any plain-text string, thus allowing them to craft Laravel session payloads when an application is using the \"cookie\" driver.\n\nThis fix prefixes cookie values with an HMAC hash of the cookie\u0027s name before encryption and then verifies a matching hash on decryption, making it impossible to craft a valid cookie payload even if an encryption oracle is exposed via the application.",
"id": "GHSA-2ffv-r4r9-r8xr",
"modified": "2024-05-15T21:52:29Z",
"published": "2024-05-15T21:52:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.laravel.com/laravel-cookie-security-releases"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/illuminate/cookie/2020-07-27-1.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/illuminate/cookie"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Laravel RCE vulnerability in \"cookie\" session driver"
}
GHSA-2FM6-MV57-P2QH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-20 09:30 – Updated: 2025-03-19 15:34Exposure of Remote Code Execution in Apache Dolphinscheduler.
This issue affects Apache DolphinScheduler: before 3.2.2.
We recommend users to upgrade Apache DolphinScheduler to version 3.2.2, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.dolphinscheduler:dolphinscheduler-task-api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43202"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-08-20T20:04:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-20T08:15:05Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Exposure of Remote Code Execution in Apache Dolphinscheduler.\n\nThis issue affects Apache DolphinScheduler: before 3.2.2. \n\nWe recommend users to upgrade Apache DolphinScheduler to version 3.2.2, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-2fm6-mv57-p2qh",
"modified": "2025-03-19T15:34:27Z",
"published": "2024-08-20T09:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43202"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/dolphinscheduler/pull/15758"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/dolphinscheduler/commit/dc306bfa1d3ed72eb7b72b177e33a46042d2a9c3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/dolphinscheduler"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/nlmdp7q7l7o3l27778vxc5px24ncr5r5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/qbhk9wqyxhrn4z7m4m343wqxpwg926nh"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-49109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/08/20/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Dolphinscheduler Code Injection vulnerability"
}
GHSA-2FMH-CHFC-392C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-14 21:31 – Updated: 2025-05-15 15:31mediDOK before 2.5.18.43 allows remote attackers to achieve remote code execution on a target system via deserialization of untrusted data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32363"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-14T20:15:22Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "mediDOK before 2.5.18.43 allows remote attackers to achieve remote code execution on a target system via deserialization of untrusted data.",
"id": "GHSA-2fmh-chfc-392c",
"modified": "2025-05-15T15:31:24Z",
"published": "2025-05-14T21:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32363"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code-white.com/public-vulnerability-list/#unauthenticated-remote-code-execution-via-deserialization-of-untrusted-data-in-m"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medidok.de/aktuelles-neuigkeiten"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medidok.de/neueversionen/update-medidok-2-5-18-43-verfugbar"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FRG-P6RF-FCFJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:50 – Updated: 2025-04-09 04:02The Trend Micro HouseCall ActiveX control 6.51.0.1028 and 6.6.0.1278 in Housecall_ActiveX.dll allows remote attackers to download an arbitrary library file onto a client system via a "custom update server" argument. NOTE: this can be leveraged for code execution by writing to a Startup folder.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-2434"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-12-23T18:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Trend Micro HouseCall ActiveX control 6.51.0.1028 and 6.6.0.1278 in Housecall_ActiveX.dll allows remote attackers to download an arbitrary library file onto a client system via a \"custom update server\" argument. NOTE: this can be leveraged for code execution by writing to a Startup folder.",
"id": "GHSA-2frg-p6rf-fcfj",
"modified": "2025-04-09T04:02:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:50:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-2434"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/47524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://esupport.trendmicro.com/support/viewxml.do?ContentID=EN-1038646\u0026id=EN-1038646"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/50941"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/31337"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/secunia_research/2008-32"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/4802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/541025"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/499495/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/32965"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/3464"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2FRJ-FWFM-CR3G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 06:47 – Updated: 2022-05-01 06:47Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.01 SP4 and 6 SP1 and earlier allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by instantiating certain COM objects from Wmm2fxa.dll as ActiveX controls including (1) DXImageTransform.Microsoft.MMSpecialEffect1Input, (2) DXImageTransform.Microsoft.MMSpecialEffect1Input.1, (3) DXImageTransform.Microsoft.MMSpecialEffect2Inputs, (4) DXImageTransform.Microsoft.MMSpecialEffect2Inputs.1, (5) DXImageTransform.Microsoft.MMSpecialEffectInplace1Input, and (6) DXImageTransform.Microsoft.MMSpecialEffectInplace1Input.1, which causes memory corruption during garbage collection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-1303"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2006-06-13T19:06:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.01 SP4 and 6 SP1 and earlier allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by instantiating certain COM objects from Wmm2fxa.dll as ActiveX controls including (1) DXImageTransform.Microsoft.MMSpecialEffect1Input, (2) DXImageTransform.Microsoft.MMSpecialEffect1Input.1, (3) DXImageTransform.Microsoft.MMSpecialEffect2Inputs, (4) DXImageTransform.Microsoft.MMSpecialEffect2Inputs.1, (5) DXImageTransform.Microsoft.MMSpecialEffectInplace1Input, and (6) DXImageTransform.Microsoft.MMSpecialEffectInplace1Input.1, which causes memory corruption during garbage collection.",
"id": "GHSA-2frj-fwfm-cr3g",
"modified": "2022-05-01T06:47:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T06:47:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-1303"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2006/ms06-021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/26774"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A1135"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A1767"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A1830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A1928"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A1973"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A2017"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/20595"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1016291"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/959049"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/26442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/437041/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/18328"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/2319"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-06-018.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2FRM-CVWV-GJWX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:35 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:35A vulnerability in the Cisco IP Phone 8800 Series Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct an arbitrary script injection attack on an affected device. The vulnerability exists because the software running on an affected device insufficiently validates user-supplied data. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a malicious link provided to the user or through the interface of an affected device. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the user interface or access sensitive system-based information, which under normal circumstances should be prohibited.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0461"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-10T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Cisco IP Phone 8800 Series Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct an arbitrary script injection attack on an affected device. The vulnerability exists because the software running on an affected device insufficiently validates user-supplied data. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a malicious link provided to the user or through the interface of an affected device. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the user interface or access sensitive system-based information, which under normal circumstances should be prohibited.",
"id": "GHSA-2frm-cvwv-gjwx",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:35:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:35:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0461"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20190109-phone-script-injection"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106515"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FVG-PQV8-JJ7Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:09 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:09** DISPUTED ** The UpdraftPlus plugin through 1.13.12 for WordPress allows remote PHP code execution because the plupload_action function in /wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/admin.php has a race condition before deleting a file associated with the name parameter. NOTE: the vendor reports that this does not cross a privilege boundary.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16871"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-11-17T09:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "** DISPUTED ** The UpdraftPlus plugin through 1.13.12 for WordPress allows remote PHP code execution because the plupload_action function in /wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/admin.php has a race condition before deleting a file associated with the name parameter. NOTE: the vendor reports that this does not cross a privilege boundary.",
"id": "GHSA-2fvg-pqv8-jj7q",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:09:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:09:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16871"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LoRexxar/CVE_Request/tree/master/wordpress%20plugin%20updraftplus%20vulnerablity#authenticated--upload-file-and-php-code-execution"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FVM-J35V-VJ7Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:37 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:37Direct static code injection vulnerability in forum.php in Ben Ng Scribe 0.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary PHP code into a certain file in regged/ via the username parameter in a Register action, possibly related to the register function in forumfunctions.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-5822"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-11-05T19:46:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Direct static code injection vulnerability in forum.php in Ben Ng Scribe 0.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary PHP code into a certain file in regged/ via the username parameter in a Register action, possibly related to the register function in forumfunctions.php.",
"id": "GHSA-2fvm-j35v-vj7q",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:37:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:37:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-5822"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/38227"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/4596"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/45287"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/3339"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.inj3ct-it.org/exploit/scribe.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/483183/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26302"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/3746"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.