CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8355 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-22C6-PMF5-543M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:06 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:06CRLF injection vulnerability in Request Tracker (RT) 3.8.x before 3.8.17 and 4.0.x before 4.0.13 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary HTTP headers and conduct HTTP response splitting attacks via a MIME header.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-3373"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-08-23T16:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "CRLF injection vulnerability in Request Tracker (RT) 3.8.x before 3.8.17 and 4.0.x before 4.0.13 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary HTTP headers and conduct HTTP response splitting attacks via a MIME header.",
"id": "GHSA-22c6-pmf5-543m",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:06:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:06:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-3373"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.bestpractical.com/pipermail/rt-announce/2013-May/000226.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.bestpractical.com/pipermail/rt-announce/2013-May/000227.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.bestpractical.com/pipermail/rt-announce/2013-May/000228.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/53505"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/53522"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2670"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/93606"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-22J2-46V6-F42V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:39 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:39PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in index.php in meBiblio 0.4.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the action parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-6089"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-11-22T00:46:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in index.php in meBiblio 0.4.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the action parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-22j2-46v6-f42v",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:39:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:39:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-6089"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/38540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/4630"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/38743"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/27722"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26480"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/3909"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-22QJ-WXJP-FCC7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:19 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:19There is a Code injection vulnerability in Huawei Smartphone.Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may exhaust system resources and cause the system to restart.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36985"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-28T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "There is a Code injection vulnerability in Huawei Smartphone.Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may exhaust system resources and cause the system to restart.",
"id": "GHSA-22qj-wxjp-fcc7",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:19:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:19:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36985"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2021/7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-22VX-3C5Q-PCWR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-27 15:30 – Updated: 2024-03-07 21:30xunruicms <=4.5.1 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38243"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-27T15:15:54Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "xunruicms \u003c=4.5.1 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution.",
"id": "GHSA-22vx-3c5q-pcwr",
"modified": "2024-03-07T21:30:21Z",
"published": "2023-09-27T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38243"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/P0wfuu/xunruicms-RCE"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2322-WMRW-5CF3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:34 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:34Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-3145.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-3150"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-07-10T03:46:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka \"Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability,\" a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-3145.",
"id": "GHSA-2322-wmrw-5cf3",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:34:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:34:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-3150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2013/ms13-055"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A17012"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-190A"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2347-WHQP-M9VM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-05 12:31 – Updated: 2026-05-05 12:31Frappe Framework ERPNext 13.4.0 contains a sandbox escape vulnerability in RestrictedPython that allows authenticated users with System Manager role to execute arbitrary code by exploiting frame introspection. Attackers can create a server script via the /app/server-script endpoint and access the gi_frame attribute to traverse the call stack and invoke os.popen to execute system commands.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-54345"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-05T12:16:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Frappe Framework ERPNext 13.4.0 contains a sandbox escape vulnerability in RestrictedPython that allows authenticated users with System Manager role to execute arbitrary code by exploiting frame introspection. Attackers can create a server script via the /app/server-script endpoint and access the gi_frame attribute to traverse the call stack and invoke os.popen to execute system commands.",
"id": "GHSA-2347-whqp-m9vm",
"modified": "2026-05-05T12:31:38Z",
"published": "2026-05-05T12:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-54345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://frappeframework.com/docs/v13/user/en/desk/scripting/server-script"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/lebr0nli/c2fc617390451f0e5a4c31c87d8720b6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/frappe/frappe"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/frappe/frappe/blob/v13.4.0/frappe/utils/safe_exec.py#L42"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ur4ndom.dev/posts/2023-07-02-uiuctf-rattler-read"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/51580"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/frappe-framework-erpnext-remote-code-execution"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://erpnext.org"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-234C-568R-P7M4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:04 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:48In the add_match function in libbb/lineedit.c in BusyBox through 1.27.2, the tab autocomplete feature of the shell, used to get a list of filenames in a directory, does not sanitize filenames and results in executing any escape sequence in the terminal. This could potentially result in code execution, arbitrary file writes, or other attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16544"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-11-20T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the add_match function in libbb/lineedit.c in BusyBox through 1.27.2, the tab autocomplete feature of the shell, used to get a list of filenames in a directory, does not sanitize filenames and results in executing any escape sequence in the terminal. This could potentially result in code execution, arbitrary file writes, or other attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-234c-568r-p7m4",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:48:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:04:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16544"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.busybox.net/busybox/commit/?id=c3797d40a1c57352192c6106cc0f435e7d9c11e8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/07/msg00037.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/02/msg00020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Jun/14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Sep/7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-20-240-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3935-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twistlock.com/2017/11/20/cve-2017-16544-busybox-autocompletion-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/154361/Cisco-Device-Hardcoded-Credentials-GNU-glibc-BusyBox.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/154536/VMware-Security-Advisory-2019-0013.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167552/Nexans-FTTO-GigaSwitch-Outdated-Components-Hardcoded-Backdoor.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2019/Jun/18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2019/Sep/7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Aug/20"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Mar/15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Sep/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Aug/21"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Jan/39"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Jun/36"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2019-0013.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-23C5-W3PX-WX59
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:10 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:10html/System-Files.php in the System File Overview feature in the NeDi component in GroundWork Monitor Enterprise 6.7.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via vectors involving file editing.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-3508"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-05-08T12:09:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "html/System-Files.php in the System File Overview feature in the NeDi component in GroundWork Monitor Enterprise 6.7.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via vectors involving file editing.",
"id": "GHSA-23c5-w3px-wx59",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:10:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:10:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-3508"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.groundworkopensource.com/display/SUPPORT/SA6.7.0-1+Some+web+components+allow+bypass+of+role+access+controls"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sec-consult.com/fxdata/seccons/prod/temedia/advisories_txt/20130308-1_GroundWork_Monitoring_Multiple_high_risk_vulnerabilities_part2_wo_poc_v10.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/345260"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-23CJ-73V4-6JX6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise CS Campus Community product of Oracle PeopleSoft (component: Security). The supported version that is affected is 9.2.38. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise PeopleSoft Enterprise CS Campus Community. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of PeopleSoft Enterprise CS Campus Community. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46851"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T10:54:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise CS Campus Community product of Oracle PeopleSoft (component: Security). The supported version that is affected is 9.2.38. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise PeopleSoft Enterprise CS Campus Community. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of PeopleSoft Enterprise CS Campus Community. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-23cj-73v4-6jx6",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:31Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46851"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspujun2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-23F9-J3QR-H3HV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-24 03:31OS command injection in the CWMP client (/ftl/bin/cwmp) of Small Cell Sercomm SCE4255W (FreedomFi Englewood) firmware before DG3934v3@2308041842 allows remote attackers controlling the ACS endpoint to execute arbitrary commands as root via a crafted TR-069 Download URL that is passed unescaped into the firmware upgrade pipeline.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-67113"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-19T18:16:15Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "OS command injection in the CWMP client (/ftl/bin/cwmp) of Small Cell Sercomm SCE4255W (FreedomFi Englewood) firmware before DG3934v3@2308041842 allows remote attackers controlling the ACS endpoint to execute arbitrary commands as root via a crafted TR-069 Download URL that is passed unescaped into the firmware upgrade pipeline.",
"id": "GHSA-23f9-j3qr-h3hv",
"modified": "2026-03-24T03:31:19Z",
"published": "2026-03-19T18:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-67113"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fcc.report/FCC-ID/P27-SCE4255W/4790935.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://freedomfi.com/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://neroteam.com/blog/freedomfi-sercomm-sce4255w-englewood"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.