Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-93
AllowedImproper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses CRLF (carriage return line feeds) as a special element, e.g. to separate lines or records, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CRLF sequences from inputs.
323 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-51501 (GCVE-0-2024-51501)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-04 22:56 – Updated: 2024-11-08 15:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CRLF injection in Refit's [Header], [HeaderCollection] and [Authorize] attributes
Summary
Refit is an automatic type-safe REST library for .NET Core, Xamarin and .NET The various header-related Refit attributes (Header, HeaderCollection and Authorize) are vulnerable to CRLF injection. The way HTTP headers are added to a request is via the `HttpHeaders.TryAddWithoutValidation` method. This method does not check for CRLF characters in the header value. This means that any headers added to a refit request are vulnerable to CRLF-injection. In general, CRLF-injection into a HTTP header (when using HTTP/1.1) means that one can inject additional HTTP headers or smuggle whole HTTP requests. If an application using the Refit library passes a user-controllable value through to a header, then that application becomes vulnerable to CRLF-injection. This is not necessarily a security issue for a command line application like the one above, but if such code were present in a web application then it becomes vulnerable to request splitting (as shown in the PoC) and thus Server Side Request Forgery. Strictly speaking this is a potential vulnerability in applications using Refit and not in Refit itself. This issue has been addressed in release versions 7.2.22 and 8.0.0 and all users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/reactiveui/refit/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/reactiveui/refit/blob/258a771f… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| reactiveui | refit |
Affected:
< 7.2.22
|
|
| reactiveui | refit |
Affected:
0 , < 8.0.0
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:reactiveui:refit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-50405 (GCVE-0-2024-50405)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-07 16:13 – Updated: 2025-03-07 17:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
An improper neutralization of CRLF sequences ('CRLF Injection') vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers who have gained administrator access to modify application data.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 5.2.3.3006 build 20250108 and later
QuTS hero h5.2.3.3006 build 20250108 and later
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
5.2.x , < 5.2.3.3006 build 20250108
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTS hero |
Affected:
h5.2.x , < h5.2.3.3006 build 20250108
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CVE-2024-48868 (GCVE-0-2024-48868)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-06 16:36 – Updated: 2024-12-06 19:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
An improper neutralization of CRLF sequences ('CRLF Injection') vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers to modify application data.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 5.1.9.2954 build 20241120 and later
QTS 5.2.2.2950 build 20241114 and later
QuTS hero h5.1.9.2954 build 20241120 and later
QuTS hero h5.2.2.2952 build 20241116 and later
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
5.1.x , < 5.1.9.2954 build 20241120
(custom)
Affected: 5.2.x , < 5.2.2.2950 build 20241114 (custom) |
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTS hero |
Affected:
h5.1.x , < h5.1.9.2954 build 20241120
(custom)
Affected: h5.2.x , < h5.2.2.2952 build 20241116 (custom) |
|
| qnap | qts |
Affected:
5.1.x , < 5.1.9.2954 build 20241120
(custom)
Affected: 5.2.x , < 5.2.2.2950 build 20241114 (custom) cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qnap | quts_hero |
Affected:
h5.1.x , < h5.1.9.2954 build 20241120
(custom)
Affected: h5.2.x , < h5.2.2.2952 build 20241116 (custom) cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-48867 (GCVE-0-2024-48867)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-06 16:36 – Updated: 2024-12-06 19:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
An improper neutralization of CRLF sequences ('CRLF Injection') vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers to modify application data.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 5.1.9.2954 build 20241120 and later
QTS 5.2.2.2950 build 20241114 and later
QuTS hero h5.1.9.2954 build 20241120 and later
QuTS hero h5.2.2.2952 build 20241116 and later
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
5.1.x , < 5.1.9.2954 build 20241120
(custom)
Affected: 5.2.x , < 5.2.2.2950 build 20241114 (custom) |
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTS hero |
Affected:
h5.1.x , < h5.1.9.2954 build 20241120
(custom)
Affected: h5.2.x , < h5.2.2.2952 build 20241116 (custom) |
|
| qnap | qts |
Affected:
5.1.x , < 5.1.9.2954 build 20241120
(custom)
Affected: 5.2.x , < 5.2.2.2950 build 20241114 (custom) cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qnap | quts_hero |
Affected:
h5.1.x , < h5.1.9.2954 build 20241120
(custom)
Affected: h5.2.x , < h5.2.2.2952 build 20241116 (custom) cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2024-45597 (GCVE-0-2024-45597)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-10 21:42 – Updated: 2024-09-11 13:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Pluto's http.request allows CR and LF in header values
Summary
Pluto is a superset of Lua 5.4 with a focus on general-purpose programming. Scripts passing user-controlled values to http.request header values are affected. An attacker could use this to send arbitrary requests, potentially leveraging authentication tokens provided in the same headers table.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/PlutoLang/Pluto/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/PlutoLang/Pluto/pull/945 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2024-45302 (GCVE-0-2024-45302)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-29 21:18 – Updated: 2024-08-30 14:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CRLF Injection in RestSharp's `RestRequest.AddHeader` method
Summary
RestSharp is a Simple REST and HTTP API Client for .NET. The second argument to `RestRequest.AddHeader` (the header value) is vulnerable to CRLF injection. The same applies to `RestRequest.AddOrUpdateHeader` and `RestClient.AddDefaultHeader`. The way HTTP headers are added to a request is via the `HttpHeaders.TryAddWithoutValidation` method which does not check for CRLF characters in the header value. This means that any headers from a `RestSharp.RequestHeaders` object are added to the request in such a way that they are vulnerable to CRLF-injection. In general, CRLF-injection into a HTTP header (when using HTTP/1.1) means that one can inject additional HTTP headers or smuggle whole HTTP requests. If an application using the RestSharp library passes a user-controllable value through to a header, then that application becomes vulnerable to CRLF-injection. This is not necessarily a security issue for a command line application like the one above, but if such code were present in a web application then it becomes vulnerable to request splitting (as shown in the PoC) and thus Server Side Request Forgery. Strictly speaking this is a potential vulnerability in applications using RestSharp, not in RestSharp itself, but I would argue that at the very least there needs to be a warning about this behaviour in the RestSharp documentation. RestSharp has addressed this issue in version 112.0.0. All users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/restsharp/RestSharp/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/restsharp/RestSharp/commit/0fb… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/restsharp/RestSharp/blob/777bf… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2024-32986 (GCVE-0-2024-32986)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-03 09:58 – Updated: 2024-08-02 02:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Arbitrary code execution due to improper sanitization of web app properties in PWAsForFirefox
Summary
PWAsForFirefox is a tool to install, manage and use Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) in Mozilla Firefox. Due to improper sanitization of web app properties (such as name, description, shortcuts), web apps were able to inject additional lines into XDG Desktop Entries (on Linux) and `AppInfo.ini` (on PortableApps.com). This allowed malicious web apps to introduce keys like `Exec`, which could run arbitrary code when the affected web app was launched. This vulnerability affects all Linux and PortableApps.com users of all PWAsForFirefox versions up to (excluding) 2.12.0. Windows and macOS users are not affected. This vulnerability has been fixed in commit `9932d4b` which has been included in release in v2.12.0. The main fix is implemented in the native part, but the extension also contains additional fixes. All Linux and PortableApps.com users are advised to update to this version as soon as possible. It is also recommended for Windows and macOS users to update to this version, as it contains additional fixes related to properties sanitization. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
9.7 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/filips123/PWAsForFirefox/secur… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/filips123/PWAsForFirefox/commi… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/filips123/PWAsForFirefox/relea… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| filips123 | PWAsForFirefox |
Affected:
< 2.12.0
|
|
| filips123 | PWAsForFirefox |
Affected:
-
cpe:2.3:a:filips123:PWAsForFirefox:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-20337 (GCVE-0-2024-20337)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-06 16:30 – Updated: 2024-08-01 21:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability in the SAML authentication process of Cisco Secure Client could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a carriage return line feed (CRLF) injection attack against a user.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a crafted link while establishing a VPN session. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the browser or access sensitive, browser-based information, including a valid SAML token. The attacker could then use the token to establish a remote access VPN session with the privileges of the affected user. Individual hosts and services behind the VPN headend would still need additional credentials for successful access.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Secure Client |
Affected:
4.9.00086
Affected: 4.9.01095 Affected: 4.9.02028 Affected: 4.9.03047 Affected: 4.9.03049 Affected: 4.9.04043 Affected: 4.9.04053 Affected: 4.9.05042 Affected: 4.9.06037 Affected: 4.10.00093 Affected: 4.10.01075 Affected: 4.10.02086 Affected: 4.10.03104 Affected: 4.10.04065 Affected: 4.10.04071 Affected: 4.10.05085 Affected: 4.10.05095 Affected: 4.10.05111 Affected: 4.10.06079 Affected: 4.10.06090 Affected: 4.10.07061 Affected: 4.10.07062 Affected: 4.10.07073 Affected: 5.0.00238 Affected: 5.0.00529 Affected: 5.0.00556 Affected: 5.0.01242 Affected: 5.0.02075 Affected: 5.0.03072 Affected: 5.0.03076 Affected: 5.0.04032 Affected: 5.0.05040 Affected: 5.1.0.136 Affected: 5.1.1.42 |
|
| cisco | secure_client |
Affected:
4.10.00093
Affected: 4.10.01075 Affected: 4.10.02086 Affected: 4.10.03104 Affected: 4.10.04065 Affected: 4.10.04071 Affected: 4.10.05085 Affected: 4.10.05095 Affected: 4.10.05111 Affected: 4.10.06079 Affected: 4.10.06090 Affected: 4.10.07061 Affected: 4.10.07062 Affected: 4.10.07073 Affected: 4.9.00086 Affected: 4.9.01095 Affected: 4.9.02028 Affected: 4.9.03047 Affected: 4.9.03049 Affected: 4.9.04043 Affected: 4.9.04053 Affected: 4.9.05042 Affected: 4.9.06037 Affected: 5.0.00238 Affected: 5.0.00529 Affected: 5.0.00556 Affected: 5.0.01242 Affected: 5.0.02075 Affected: 5.0.03072 Affected: 5.0.03076 Affected: 5.0.04032 Affected: 5.1.0.136 Affected: 5.1.1.42 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.10.00093:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.10.01075:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.10.02086:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.10.03104:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.10.04065:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.10.04071:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.10.05085:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.10.05095:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.10.05111:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.10.06079:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.10.06090:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.10.07061:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.10.07062:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.10.07073:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.9.00086:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.9.01095:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.9.02028:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.9.03047:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.9.03049:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.9.04043:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.9.04053:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.9.05042:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:4.9.06037:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:5.0.00238:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:5.0.00529:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:5.0.00556:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:5.0.01242:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:5.0.02075:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:5.0.03072:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:5.0.03076:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:5.0.04032:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:5.1.0.136:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_client:5.1.1.42:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-7472 (GCVE-0-2024-7472)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-29 12:49 – Updated: 2025-10-15 12:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Email Injection Vulnerability in lunary-ai/lunary
Summary
lunary-ai/lunary v1.2.26 contains an email injection vulnerability in the Send email verification API (/v1/users/send-verification) and Sign up API (/auth/signup). An unauthenticated attacker can inject data into outgoing emails by bypassing the extractFirstName function using a different whitespace character (e.g., \xa0). This vulnerability can be exploited to conduct phishing attacks, damage the application's brand, cause legal and compliance issues, and result in financial impact due to unauthorized email usage.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| lunary-ai | lunary-ai/lunary |
Affected:
unspecified , < 1.4.10
(custom)
|
|
| lunary-ai | lunary |
Affected:
0 , < 1.4.10
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:lunary-ai:lunary:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-5193 (GCVE-0-2024-5193)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-22 10:31 – Updated: 2026-01-05 19:02 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Ritlabs TinyWeb Server Request crlf injection
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in Ritlabs TinyWeb Server 1.94. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Request Handler. The manipulation with the input %0D%0A leads to crlf injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.99 is able to resolve this issue. The identifier of the patch is d49c3da6a97e950975b18626878f3ee1f082358e. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.265830 | vdb-entrytechnical-descriptionmitigationpatch |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.265830 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.333059 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/DMCERTCE/CRLF_Tiny | exploit |
| https://github.com/maximmasiutin/TinyWeb/commit/d… | patch |
| https://github.com/maximmasiutin/TinyWeb/releases… | patch |
| https://www.masiutin.net/tinyweb-cve-2024-5193.html | mitigation |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ritlabs | TinyWeb Server |
Affected:
1.94
Unaffected: 1.99 |
|
| ritlabs | tinyweb |
Affected:
1.94
cpe:2.3:a:ritlabs:tinyweb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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Mitigation
Implementation
Avoid using CRLF as a special sequence.
Mitigation
Implementation
Appropriately filter or quote CRLF sequences in user-controlled input.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering
Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.