CWE-912
Allowed-with-ReviewHidden Functionality
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product contains functionality that is not documented, not part of the specification, and not accessible through an interface or command sequence that is obvious to the product's users or administrators.
157 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9WFR-W7MM-PC7F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-03 02:39 – Updated: 2026-04-06 23:10Impact
An undocumented commandLineSwitches webPreference allowed arbitrary switches to be appended to the renderer process command line. Apps that construct webPreferences by spreading untrusted configuration objects may inadvertently allow an attacker to inject switches that disable renderer sandboxing or web security controls.
Apps are only affected if they construct webPreferences from external or untrusted input without an allowlist. Apps that use a fixed, hardcoded webPreferences object are not affected.
Workarounds
Do not spread untrusted input into webPreferences. Use an explicit allowlist of permitted preference keys when constructing BrowserWindow or webContents options from external configuration.
Fixed Versions
41.0.0-beta.840.7.039.8.038.8.6
For more information
If there are any questions or comments about this advisory, send an email to security@electronjs.org
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "electron"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "38.8.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "electron"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "39.0.0-alpha.1"
},
{
"fixed": "39.8.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "electron"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "40.0.0-alpha.1"
},
{
"fixed": "40.7.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "electron"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "41.0.0-alpha.1"
},
{
"fixed": "41.0.0-beta.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-34769"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88",
"CWE-912"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-03T02:39:15Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-04T00:16:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nAn undocumented `commandLineSwitches` webPreference allowed arbitrary switches to be appended to the renderer process command line. Apps that construct `webPreferences` by spreading untrusted configuration objects may inadvertently allow an attacker to inject switches that disable renderer sandboxing or web security controls.\n\nApps are only affected if they construct `webPreferences` from external or untrusted input without an allowlist. Apps that use a fixed, hardcoded `webPreferences` object are not affected.\n\n### Workarounds\nDo not spread untrusted input into `webPreferences`. Use an explicit allowlist of permitted preference keys when constructing `BrowserWindow` or `webContents` options from external configuration.\n\n### Fixed Versions\n* `41.0.0-beta.8`\n* `40.7.0`\n* `39.8.0`\n* `38.8.6`\n\n### For more information\nIf there are any questions or comments about this advisory, send an email to [security@electronjs.org](mailto:security@electronjs.org)",
"id": "GHSA-9wfr-w7mm-pc7f",
"modified": "2026-04-06T23:10:37Z",
"published": "2026-04-03T02:39:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/electron/electron/security/advisories/GHSA-9wfr-w7mm-pc7f"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34769"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/electron/electron"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Electron: Renderer command-line switch injection via undocumented commandLineSwitches webPreference"
}
GHSA-CV9W-4MCM-4CC2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 18:30 – Updated: 2024-08-22 18:31NEC Platforms DT900 and DT900S Series 5.0.0.0 – v5.3.4.4, v5.4.0.0 – v5.6.0.20 allows an attacker to access a non-documented the system settings to change settings via local network with unauthenticated user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3016"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-912"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-14T15:39:46Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "NEC Platforms DT900 and DT900S Series 5.0.0.0 \u2013 v5.3.4.4, v5.4.0.0 \u2013 v5.6.0.20 allows an attacker to access a non-documented the system settings to change settings via local network with unauthenticated user.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-cv9w-4mcm-4cc2",
"modified": "2024-08-22T18:31:19Z",
"published": "2024-05-14T18:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3016"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jpn.nec.com/security-info/secinfo/nv24-002_en.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F88H-FG97-9QQ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-15 15:30 – Updated: 2024-01-15 15:30PAX Android based POS devices with PayDroid_8.1.0_Sagittarius_V11.1.45_20230314 or earlier can allow the signed partition overwrite and subsequently local code execution via hidden command.
The attacker must have physical USB access to the device in order to exploit this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42134"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-912"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-15T14:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PAX Android based POS devices with PayDroid_8.1.0_Sagittarius_V11.1.45_20230314 or earlier can allow the signed partition overwrite and subsequently local code execution via hidden command.\n\n\n\n\n\nThe attacker must have physical USB access to the device in order to exploit this vulnerability.\n",
"id": "GHSA-f88h-fg97-9qq5",
"modified": "2024-01-15T15:30:26Z",
"published": "2024-01-15T15:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42134"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.stmcyber.com/pax-pos-cves-2023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2024/01/CVE-2023-4818"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2024/01/CVE-2023-4818"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ppn.paxengine.com/release/development"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F9X4-234P-WH9G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-25 18:31 – Updated: 2025-02-25 18:31The "update" binary in the firmware of the affected product sends attempts to mount to a hard-coded, routable IP address, bypassing existing device network settings to do so. The function triggers if the 'C' button is pressed at a specific time during the boot process. If an attacker is able to control or impersonate this IP address, they could upload and overwrite files on the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1204"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-912"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-25T17:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The \"update\" binary in the firmware of the affected product sends attempts to mount to a hard-coded, routable IP address, bypassing existing device network settings to do so. The function triggers if the \u0027C\u0027 button is pressed at a specific time during the boot process. If an attacker is able to control or impersonate this IP address, they could upload and overwrite files on the device.",
"id": "GHSA-f9x4-234p-wh9g",
"modified": "2025-02-25T18:31:24Z",
"published": "2025-02-25T18:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1204"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://claroty.com/team82/research/are-contec-cms8000-patient-monitors-infected-with-a-chinese-backdoor-the-reality-is-more-complicated?ref=vault33.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-medical-advisories/icsma-25-030-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FPC8-2XHQ-9939
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-29 09:31 – Updated: 2026-07-29 09:31VIN-DS783E-E6 developed by Vacron has a Hidden Functionality vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to exploit a specific hidden function to obtain the administrator credentials of the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-18191"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-912"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-29T08:16:30Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "VIN-DS783E-E6 developed by Vacron has a Hidden Functionality vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to exploit a specific hidden function to obtain the administrator credentials of the device.",
"id": "GHSA-fpc8-2xhq-9939",
"modified": "2026-07-29T09:31:28Z",
"published": "2026-07-29T09:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-18191"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-11049-db9ae-2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-11048-c8ce2-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-H5QV-QCJQ-WCFF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-08 15:31 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:33The TeleMessage archiving backend through 2025-05-05 holds cleartext copies of messages from TM SGNL (aka Archive Signal) app users, which is different functionality than described in the TeleMessage "End-to-End encryption from the mobile phone through to the corporate archive" documentation, as exploited in the wild in May 2025.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47729"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-912"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-08T14:15:26Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "The TeleMessage archiving backend through 2025-05-05 holds cleartext copies of messages from TM SGNL (aka Archive Signal) app users, which is different functionality than described in the TeleMessage \"End-to-End encryption from the mobile phone through to the corporate archive\" documentation, as exploited in the wild in May 2025.",
"id": "GHSA-h5qv-qcjq-wcff",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:33:18Z",
"published": "2025-05-08T15:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47729"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://arstechnica.com/security/2025/05/signal-clone-used-by-trump-official-stops-operations-after-report-it-was-hacked"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43909220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-47729"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.theregister.com/2025/05/05/telemessage_investigating"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H9RG-JFQ5-WF8G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-16 14:37 – Updated: 2024-09-16 14:37Certain models of D-Link wireless routers contain hidden functionality. By sending specific packets to the web service, the attacker can forcibly enable the telnet service and log in using hard-coded credentials. The telnet service enabled through this method can only be accessed from within the same local network as the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45696"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-912"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-16T07:15:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Certain models of D-Link wireless routers contain hidden functionality. By sending specific packets to the web service, the attacker can forcibly enable the telnet service and log in using hard-coded credentials. The telnet service enabled through this method can only be accessed from within the same local network as the device.",
"id": "GHSA-h9rg-jfq5-wf8g",
"modified": "2024-09-16T14:37:28Z",
"published": "2024-09-16T14:37:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45696"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-8087-c3e70-2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-8086-93ed5-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J3W3-RRQQ-MPX3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-26 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-12 00:30A backdoor in Solar-Log Gateway products allows remote access via web panel gaining super administration privileges to the attacker. This affects all Solar-Log devices that use firmware version v4.2.7 up to v5.1.1 (included).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-47767"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-912"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-26T21:18:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A backdoor in Solar-Log Gateway products allows remote access via web panel gaining super administration privileges to the attacker. This affects all Solar-Log devices that use firmware version v4.2.7 up to v5.1.1 (included).",
"id": "GHSA-j3w3-rrqq-mpx3",
"modified": "2024-11-12T00:30:35Z",
"published": "2023-01-26T21:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47767"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.solar-log.com/en/support/firmware-database-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.swascan.com/security-advisory-solar-log"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J6RH-H9WC-GH7J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:27 – Updated: 2022-10-15 12:00The affected product is vulnerable due to an undocumented interface found on the device, which may allow an attacker to execute commands as root on the device on the N-Tron 702-W / 702M12-W (all versions).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-16204"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-912"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-09-01T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The affected product is vulnerable due to an undocumented interface found on the device, which may allow an attacker to execute commands as root on the device on the N-Tron 702-W / 702M12-W (all versions).",
"id": "GHSA-j6rh-h9wc-gh7j",
"modified": "2022-10-15T12:00:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:27:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-16204"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-20-240-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/159064/Red-Lion-N-Tron-702-W-702M12-W-2.0.26-XSS-CSRF-Shell.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Sep/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J9CW-5CPJ-9QJ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-07 00:30 – Updated: 2023-03-13 22:06In Moodle, in some circumstances, email notifications of messages could have the link back to the original message hidden by HTML, which may pose a phishing risk.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.11.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "3.11.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.10.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "3.10.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.9.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36403"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-912"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-08T00:16:56Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-06T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Moodle, in some circumstances, email notifications of messages could have the link back to the original message hidden by HTML, which may pose a phishing risk.",
"id": "GHSA-j9cw-5cpj-9qj5",
"modified": "2023-03-13T22:06:44Z",
"published": "2023-03-07T00:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36403"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=424809"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Moodle has a Hidden Functionality vulnerability"
}
Mitigation
Always verify the integrity of the product that is being installed.
CAPEC-133: Try All Common Switches
An attacker attempts to invoke all common switches and options in the target application for the purpose of discovering weaknesses in the target. For example, in some applications, adding a --debug switch causes debugging information to be displayed, which can sometimes reveal sensitive processing or configuration information to an attacker. This attack differs from other forms of API abuse in that the attacker is indiscriminately attempting to invoke options in the hope that one of them will work rather than specifically targeting a known option. Nonetheless, even if the attacker is familiar with the published options of a targeted application this attack method may still be fruitful as it might discover unpublicized functionality.
CAPEC-190: Reverse Engineer an Executable to Expose Assumed Hidden Functionality
An attacker analyzes a binary file or executable for the purpose of discovering the structure, function, and possibly source-code of the file by using a variety of analysis techniques to effectively determine how the software functions and operates. This type of analysis is also referred to as Reverse Code Engineering, as techniques exist for extracting source code from an executable. Several techniques are often employed for this purpose, both black box and white box. The use of computer bus analyzers and packet sniffers allows the binary to be studied at a level of interactions with its computing environment, such as a host OS, inter-process communication, and/or network communication. This type of analysis falls into the 'black box' category because it involves behavioral analysis of the software without reference to source code, object code, or protocol specifications.