Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-89

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.

27398 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-4783 (GCVE-0-2026-4783)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-25 00:32 – Updated: 2026-03-25 19:42 X_Freeware
VLAI
Title
itsourcecode College Management System Parameter add-single-student-results.php sql injection
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in itsourcecode College Management System 1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /admin/add-single-student-results.php of the component Parameter Handler. The manipulation of the argument course_code leads to sql injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.352800 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.352800 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.775786 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/ltranquility/submit/issues/3 exploitissue-tracking
https://itsourcecode.com/ product
Impacted products
Credits
tnn2026 (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-4781 (GCVE-0-2026-4781)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-24 23:11 – Updated: 2026-03-25 14:27 X_Freeware
VLAI
Title
SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System HTTP GET Parameter update_purchase.php sql injection
Summary
A flaw has been found in SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System 1.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file update_purchase.php of the component HTTP GET Parameter Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument sid can lead to sql injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been published and may be used.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.352799 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.352799 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.775174 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/meifukun/Web-Security-PoCs/blo… exploitpatch
https://www.sourcecodester.com/ product
Impacted products
Credits
FuKun (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-4780 (GCVE-0-2026-4780)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-24 23:11 – Updated: 2026-03-25 13:32 X_Freeware
VLAI
Title
SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System HTTP GET Parameter update_out_standing.php sql injection
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file update_out_standing.php of the component HTTP GET Parameter Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument sid results in sql injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.352798 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.352798 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.775173 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/meifukun/Web-Security-PoCs/blo… exploitpatch
https://www.sourcecodester.com/ product
Impacted products
Credits
FuKun (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-4779 (GCVE-0-2026-4779)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-24 22:22 – Updated: 2026-03-27 03:53 X_Freeware
VLAI
Title
SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System HTTP GET Parameter update_customer_details.php sql injection
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file update_customer_details.php of the component HTTP GET Parameter Handler. Such manipulation of the argument sid leads to sql injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.352797 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.352797 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.775172 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/meifukun/Web-Security-PoCs/blo… exploitpatch
https://www.sourcecodester.com/ product
Impacted products
Credits
FuKun (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-4778 (GCVE-0-2026-4778)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-24 22:22 – Updated: 2026-03-25 13:01 X_Freeware
VLAI
Title
SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System HTTP GET Parameter update_category.php sql injection
Summary
A weakness has been identified in SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file update_category.php of the component HTTP GET Parameter Handler. This manipulation of the argument sid causes sql injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.352796 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.352796 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.775171 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/meifukun/Web-Security-PoCs/blo… exploitpatch
https://www.sourcecodester.com/ product
Impacted products
Credits
FuKun (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-4777 (GCVE-0-2026-4777)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-24 21:42 – Updated: 2026-03-25 19:41 X_Freeware
VLAI
Title
SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System POST Parameter view_supplier.php sql injection
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file view_supplier.php of the component POST Parameter Handler. The manipulation of the argument searchtxt results in sql injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
FuKun (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-4776 (GCVE-0-2026-4776)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 06:58 – Updated: 2026-05-29 11:41
VLAI
Summary
An SQL injection vulnerability exists in Mautic's API contact filtering mechanism. Due to insufficient recursive sanitization of nested query parameters, an authenticated API user can bypass input filtering and inject arbitrary SQL commands.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-89 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command ('SQL injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 2.6.0 , < 4.4.20 (semver)
Affected: 5.0.0 , < 5.2.11 (semver)
Affected: 6.0.0 , < 6.0.9 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.1.2 (semver)
Credits
Vignesh P (@Senku01) Harish P (@Harish4948) Patryk Gruszka (@patrykgruszka) Leuchtfeuer Digital Marketing (@Leuchtfeuer)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-4668 (GCVE-0-2026-4668)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-31 23:25 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:38
VLAI
Title
Amelia <= 2.1.2 - Authenticated (Manager+) SQL Injection via 'sort' Parameter
Summary
The Booking for Appointments and Events Calendar - Amelia plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the `sort` parameter in the payments listing endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 2.1.2. This is due to insufficient escaping on the user-supplied `sort` parameter and lack of sufficient preparation on the existing SQL query in `PaymentRepository.php`, where the sort field is interpolated directly into an ORDER BY clause without sanitization or whitelist validation. PDO prepared statements do not protect ORDER BY column names. GET requests also skip Amelia's nonce validation entirely. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Manager-level (`wpamelia-manager`) access and above, to append additional SQL queries into already existing queries that can be used to extract sensitive information from the database via time-based blind SQL injection.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
Michael Perla
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-4662 (GCVE-0-2026-4662)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-24 04:27 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:32
VLAI
Title
JetEngine <= 3.8.6.1 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via Listing Grid 'filtered_query' Parameter
Summary
The JetEngine plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the `listing_load_more` AJAX action in all versions up to, and including, 3.8.6.1. This is due to the `filtered_query` parameter being excluded from the HMAC signature validation (allowing attacker-controlled input to bypass security checks) combined with the `prepare_where_clause()` method in the SQL Query Builder not sanitizing the `compare` operator before concatenating it into SQL statements. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to append additional SQL queries into already existing queries that can be used to extract sensitive information from the database, provided the site has a JetEngine Listing Grid with Load More enabled that uses a SQL Query Builder query.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Crocoblock JetEngine Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.8.6.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Phú
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-4661 (GCVE-0-2026-4661)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-11 05:35 – Updated: 2026-07-13 14:29
VLAI
Title
WP CTA <= 2.2.2 - Unauthenticated Time-Based Blind SQL Injection via 'fildname' Parameter
Summary
The WP CTA – Sticky CTA Builder, Generate Leads, Promote Sales plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to time-based blind SQL Injection via the 'fildname' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.2. This is due to insufficient escaping of user-supplied column names in the ajaxCheck() method and lack of preparation in the $wpdb->update() call. The vulnerability is compounded by the complete absence of authorization checks and the endpoint being registered for unauthenticated users via wp_ajax_nopriv_. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary SQL queries and extract sensitive information from the database via time-based blind SQL injection techniques, including administrator password hashes.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
daroo
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

  • If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
  • Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
  • Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-28
Implementation

Strategy: Output Encoding

  • While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
  • Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
  • Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.
  • When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.
Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
  • In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481.

Mitigation MIT-16
Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection

An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.

CAPEC-109: Object Relational Mapping Injection

An attacker leverages a weakness present in the database access layer code generated with an Object Relational Mapping (ORM) tool or a weakness in the way that a developer used a persistence framework to inject their own SQL commands to be executed against the underlying database. The attack here is similar to plain SQL injection, except that the application does not use JDBC to directly talk to the database, but instead it uses a data access layer generated by an ORM tool or framework (e.g. Hibernate). While most of the time code generated by an ORM tool contains safe access methods that are immune to SQL injection, sometimes either due to some weakness in the generated code or due to the fact that the developer failed to use the generated access methods properly, SQL injection is still possible.

CAPEC-110: SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter Tampering

An attacker modifies the parameters of the SOAP message that is sent from the service consumer to the service provider to initiate a SQL injection attack. On the service provider side, the SOAP message is parsed and parameters are not properly validated before being used to access a database in a way that does not use parameter binding, thus enabling the attacker to control the structure of the executed SQL query. This pattern describes a SQL injection attack with the delivery mechanism being a SOAP message.

CAPEC-470: Expanding Control over the Operating System from the Database

An attacker is able to leverage access gained to the database to read / write data to the file system, compromise the operating system, create a tunnel for accessing the host machine, and use this access to potentially attack other machines on the same network as the database machine. Traditionally SQL injections attacks are viewed as a way to gain unauthorized read access to the data stored in the database, modify the data in the database, delete the data, etc. However, almost every data base management system (DBMS) system includes facilities that if compromised allow an attacker complete access to the file system, operating system, and full access to the host running the database. The attacker can then use this privileged access to launch subsequent attacks. These facilities include dropping into a command shell, creating user defined functions that can call system level libraries present on the host machine, stored procedures, etc.

CAPEC-66: SQL Injection

This attack exploits target software that constructs SQL statements based on user input. An attacker crafts input strings so that when the target software constructs SQL statements based on the input, the resulting SQL statement performs actions other than those the application intended. SQL Injection results from failure of the application to appropriately validate input.

CAPEC-7: Blind SQL Injection

Blind SQL Injection results from an insufficient mitigation for SQL Injection. Although suppressing database error messages are considered best practice, the suppression alone is not sufficient to prevent SQL Injection. Blind SQL Injection is a form of SQL Injection that overcomes the lack of error messages. Without the error messages that facilitate SQL Injection, the adversary constructs input strings that probe the target through simple Boolean SQL expressions. The adversary can determine if the syntax and structure of the injection was successful based on whether the query was executed or not. Applied iteratively, the adversary determines how and where the target is vulnerable to SQL Injection.

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