CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2176 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-Q63Q-PQGX-268P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-30 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:31A security flaw involving hard-coded credentials in LevelOne WBR-6012's web services allows attackers to gain unauthorized access during the first 30 seconds post-boot. Other vulnerabilities can force a reboot, circumventing the initial time restriction for exploitation.The password string can be found at addresses 0x 803cdd0f and 0x803da3e6:
803cdd0f 41 72 69 65 ds "AriesSerenaCairryNativitaMegan"
73 53 65 72
65 6e 61 43
...
It is referenced by the function at 0x800b78b0 and simplified in the pseudocode below:
if (is_equal = strcmp(password,"AriesSerenaCairryNativitaMegan"){
ret = 3;}
Where 3 is the return value to user-level access (0 being fail and 1 being admin/backdoor).
While there's no legitimate functionality to change this password, once authenticated it is possible manually make a change by taking advantage of TALOS-2024-XXXXX using HTTP POST paramater "Pu" (new user password) in place of "Pa" (new admin password).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-31151"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-30T14:15:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A security flaw involving hard-coded credentials in LevelOne WBR-6012\u0027s web services allows attackers to gain unauthorized access during the first 30 seconds post-boot. Other vulnerabilities can force a reboot, circumventing the initial time restriction for exploitation.The password string can be found at addresses 0x 803cdd0f and 0x803da3e6:\n\n 803cdd0f 41 72 69 65 ds \"AriesSerenaCairryNativitaMegan\"\n 73 53 65 72 \n 65 6e 61 43\n ...\n\nIt is referenced by the function at 0x800b78b0 and simplified in the pseudocode below:\n\n if (is_equal = strcmp(password,\"AriesSerenaCairryNativitaMegan\"){\n ret = 3;}\n\nWhere 3 is the return value to user-level access (0 being fail and 1 being admin/backdoor).\n\nWhile there\u0027s no legitimate functionality to change this password, once authenticated it is possible manually make a change by taking advantage of TALOS-2024-XXXXX using HTTP POST paramater \"Pu\" (new user password) in place of \"Pa\" (new admin password).",
"id": "GHSA-q63q-pqgx-268p",
"modified": "2025-11-04T00:31:54Z",
"published": "2024-10-30T15:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31151"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-1979"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-1979"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6FF-9VGW-842X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-06 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-12 18:30The affected products store both public and private key that are used to sign and protect Custom Parameter Set (CPS) file from modification. An attacker that manages to exploit this vulnerability will be able to change the CPS file, sign it so that it is trusted as the legitimate CPS file. This issue affects * FOXMAN-UN product: FOXMAN-UN R15B, FOXMAN-UN R15A, FOXMAN-UN R14B, FOXMAN-UN R14A, FOXMAN-UN R11B, FOXMAN-UN R11A, FOXMAN-UN R10C, FOXMAN-UN R9C; * UNEM product: UNEM R15B, UNEM R15A, UNEM R14B, UNEM R14A, UNEM R11B, UNEM R11A, UNEM R10C, UNEM R9C. List of CPEs: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R15B::::::: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R15A::::::: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R14B::::::: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R14A::::::: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R11B::::::: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R11A::::::: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R10C::::::: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R9C::::::: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R15B::::::: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R15A::::::: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R14B::::::: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R14A::::::: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R11B::::::: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R11A::::::: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R10C::::::: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R9C:::::::
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3927"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-05T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The affected products store both public and private key that are used to sign and protect Custom Parameter Set (CPS) file from modification. An attacker that manages to exploit this vulnerability will be able to change the CPS file, sign it so that it is trusted as the legitimate CPS file. This issue affects * FOXMAN-UN product: FOXMAN-UN R15B, FOXMAN-UN R15A, FOXMAN-UN R14B, FOXMAN-UN R14A, FOXMAN-UN R11B, FOXMAN-UN R11A, FOXMAN-UN R10C, FOXMAN-UN R9C; * UNEM product: UNEM R15B, UNEM R15A, UNEM R14B, UNEM R14A, UNEM R11B, UNEM R11A, UNEM R10C, UNEM R9C. List of CPEs: * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R15B:*:*:*:*:*:*:* * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R15A:*:*:*:*:*:*:* * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R14B:*:*:*:*:*:*:* * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R14A:*:*:*:*:*:*:* * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R11B:*:*:*:*:*:*:* * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R11A:*:*:*:*:*:*:* * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R10C:*:*:*:*:*:*:* * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:foxman-un:R9C:*:*:*:*:*:*:* * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R15B:*:*:*:*:*:*:* * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R15A:*:*:*:*:*:*:* * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R14B:*:*:*:*:*:*:* * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R14A:*:*:*:*:*:*:* * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R11B:*:*:*:*:*:*:* * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R11A:*:*:*:*:*:*:* * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R10C:*:*:*:*:*:*:* * cpe:2.3:a:hitachienergy:unem:R9C:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"id": "GHSA-q6ff-9vgw-842x",
"modified": "2023-01-12T18:30:29Z",
"published": "2023-01-06T00:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3927"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumentID=8DBD000083\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=\u0026Action=Launch"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumentID=8DBD000084\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=\u0026Action=Launch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6W4-V6HJ-MWRV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-02 18:30 – Updated: 2025-07-02 21:32ENENSYS IPGuard v2 2.10.0 was discovered to contain hardcoded credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-45813"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-02T18:15:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "ENENSYS IPGuard v2 2.10.0 was discovered to contain hardcoded credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-q6w4-v6hj-mwrv",
"modified": "2025-07-02T21:32:00Z",
"published": "2025-07-02T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-45813"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shiky8/my--cve-vulnerability-research/tree/main/CVE-2025-45813"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.enensys.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q77R-932J-WM8Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-03 21:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:44TOTOLINK CP300 V2.0.4-B20201102 was discovered to contain a hardcoded password vulnerability in /etc/shadow.sample, which allows attackers to log in as root.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-36782"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-03T21:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK CP300 V2.0.4-B20201102 was discovered to contain a hardcoded password vulnerability in /etc/shadow.sample, which allows attackers to log in as root.",
"id": "GHSA-q77r-932j-wm8q",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:44:09Z",
"published": "2024-06-03T21:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36782"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/s4ndw1ch136/IOT-vuln-reports/blob/main/totolink%20cp300/README.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q7P9-QP49-WFVQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-25 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-26 19:00A hard-coded password vulnerability exists in the telnet functionality of Abode Systems, Inc. iota All-In-One Security Kit 6.9Z. Use of a hard-coded root password can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can authenticate with hard-coded credentials to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29889"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-25T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A hard-coded password vulnerability exists in the telnet functionality of Abode Systems, Inc. iota All-In-One Security Kit 6.9Z. Use of a hard-coded root password can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can authenticate with hard-coded credentials to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-q7p9-qp49-wfvq",
"modified": "2022-10-26T19:00:42Z",
"published": "2022-10-25T19:00:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29889"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1569"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q7QH-F4PW-5H53
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-25 00:30 – Updated: 2024-08-25 00:30A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Go-Tribe gotribe up to cd3ccd32cd77852c9ea73f986eaf8c301cfb6310. Affected is the function Sign of the file pkg/token/token.go. The manipulation of the argument config.key leads to hard-coded credentials. Continious delivery with rolling releases is used by this product. Therefore, no version details of affected nor updated releases are available. The patch is identified as 4fb9b9e80a2beedd09d9fde4b9cf5bd510baf18f. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8135"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-24T22:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Go-Tribe gotribe up to cd3ccd32cd77852c9ea73f986eaf8c301cfb6310. Affected is the function Sign of the file pkg/token/token.go. The manipulation of the argument config.key leads to hard-coded credentials. Continious delivery with rolling releases is used by this product. Therefore, no version details of affected nor updated releases are available. The patch is identified as 4fb9b9e80a2beedd09d9fde4b9cf5bd510baf18f. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-q7qh-f4pw-5h53",
"modified": "2024-08-25T00:30:32Z",
"published": "2024-08-25T00:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8135"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Go-Tribe/gotribe/issues/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Go-Tribe/gotribe/issues/1#issuecomment-2307205980"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Go-Tribe/gotribe/commit/4fb9b9e80a2beedd09d9fde4b9cf5bd510baf18f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.275706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.275706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.396310"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q7QP-3C6X-2G59
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-13 03:30 – Updated: 2025-10-13 03:30IBM Security Verify Access 10.0.0 through 10.0.9, 11.0.0, IBM Verify Identity Access Container 10.0.0 through 10.0.9, and 11.0.0, under certain configurations, contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key, which it uses for its own inbound authentication, outbound communication to external components, or encryption of internal data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-36087"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-13T01:15:48Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Security Verify Access 10.0.0 through 10.0.9, 11.0.0, IBM Verify Identity Access Container 10.0.0 through 10.0.9, and 11.0.0, under certain configurations, contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key, which it uses for its own inbound authentication, outbound communication to external components, or encryption of internal data.",
"id": "GHSA-q7qp-3c6x-2g59",
"modified": "2025-10-13T03:30:35Z",
"published": "2025-10-13T03:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-36087"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7247753"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q7RW-9GG7-5WFW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-14 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:15Daikin SVMPC1 version 2.1.22 and prior and SVMPC2 version 1.2.3 and prior are vulnerable to an attacker obtaining user login credentials and control the system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41653"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-259",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-13T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Daikin SVMPC1 version 2.1.22 and prior and SVMPC2 version 1.2.3 and prior are vulnerable to an attacker obtaining user login credentials and control the system.",
"id": "GHSA-q7rw-9gg7-5wfw",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:15:25Z",
"published": "2022-12-14T00:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41653"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-284-02"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q857-RFGJ-PFXM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:37 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:37RICOH Interactive Whiteboard D2200 V1.1 to V2.2, D5500 V1.1 to V2.2, D5510 V1.1 to V2.2, the display versions with RICOH Interactive Whiteboard Controller Type1 V1.1 to V2.2 attached (D5520, D6500, D6510, D7500, D8400), and the display versions with RICOH Interactive Whiteboard Controller Type2 V3.0 to V3.1.10137.0 attached (D5520, D6510, D7500, D8400) uses hard-coded credentials, which may allow an attacker on the same network segments to login to the administrators settings screen and change the configuration.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-16186"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-09T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "RICOH Interactive Whiteboard D2200 V1.1 to V2.2, D5500 V1.1 to V2.2, D5510 V1.1 to V2.2, the display versions with RICOH Interactive Whiteboard Controller Type1 V1.1 to V2.2 attached (D5520, D6500, D6510, D7500, D8400), and the display versions with RICOH Interactive Whiteboard Controller Type2 V3.0 to V3.1.10137.0 attached (D5520, D6510, D7500, D8400) uses hard-coded credentials, which may allow an attacker on the same network segments to login to the administrators settings screen and change the configuration.",
"id": "GHSA-q857-rfgj-pfxm",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:37:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:37:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16186"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN55263945/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ricoh.com/info/2018/1127_1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q89M-G397-F55P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:06 – Updated: 2024-02-13 18:38Siemens Simatic WinCC and PCS 7 SCADA system uses a hard-coded password, which allows local users to access a back-end database and gain privileges, as demonstrated in the wild in July 2010 by the Stuxnet worm, a different vulnerability than CVE-2010-2568.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-2772"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-07-22T05:43:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Siemens Simatic WinCC and PCS 7 SCADA system uses a hard-coded password, which allows local users to access a back-end database and gain privileges, as demonstrated in the wild in July 2010 by the Stuxnet worm, a different vulnerability than CVE-2010-2568.",
"id": "GHSA-q89m-g397-f55p",
"modified": "2024-02-13T18:38:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:06:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-2772"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/60587"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-12-205-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://infoworld.com/d/security-central/new-weaponized-virus-targets-industrial-secrets-725"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://infoworld.com/d/security-central/siemens-warns-users-dont-change-passwords-after-worm-attack-915?sourcefssr"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://krebsonsecurity.com/2010/07/experts-warn-of-new-windows-shortcut-flaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/40682"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/llisapi.dll?func=cslib.csinfo\u0026lang=en\u0026objid=43876783\u0026caller=viewhttp://support.automation.siemens.com/WW/llisapi.dll?func=cslib.csinfo\u0026lang=en\u0026objid=43876783\u0026c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.automation.siemens.com/forum/guests/PostShow.aspx?PostID=16127\u002616127\u0026Language=en\u0026PageIndex=1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.f-secure.com/weblog/archives/00001987.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.sea.siemens.com/us/News/Industrial/Pages/WinCC_Update.aspx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/41753"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/1893"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.wilderssecurity.com/showpost.php?p=1712134\u0026postcount=22"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/07/siemens-scada"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.