Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-770
AllowedAllocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.
3098 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2021-31369 (GCVE-0-2021-31369)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-19 18:17 – Updated: 2024-09-16 18:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Junos OS: MX Series: Traffic drops will be observed if MS-MPC/MS-PIC resources are consumed by certain traffic causing a partial DoS
Summary
On MX Series platforms with MS-MPC/MS-MIC, an Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an unauthenticated network attacker to cause a partial Denial of Service (DoS) with a high rate of specific traffic. If a Class of Service (CoS) rule is attached to the service-set and a high rate of specific traffic is processed by this service-set, for some of the other traffic which has services applied and is being processed by this MS-MPC/MS-MIC drops will be observed. Continued receipted of this high rate of specific traffic will create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS on MX Series with MS-MPC/MS-MIC: All versions prior to 17.4R3-S5; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R3-S5; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R3-S9; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R3-S6; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R1-S7, 19.2R3-S3; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R2-S7, 19.3R3-S3; 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R3-S5; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R2-S2, 20.1R3-S1; 20.2 versions prior to 20.2R3-S2; 20.3 versions prior to 20.3R3; 20.4 versions prior to 20.4R2-S1, 20.4R3; 21.1 versions prior to 21.1R1-S1, 21.1R2.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
- Denial of Service (DoS)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11231 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Affected:
unspecified , < 17.4R3-S5
(custom)
Affected: 18.3 , < 18.3R3-S5 (custom) Affected: 18.4 , < 18.4R3-S9 (custom) Affected: 19.1 , < 19.1R3-S6 (custom) Affected: 19.2 , < 19.2R1-S7, 19.2R3-S3 (custom) Affected: 19.3 , < 19.3R2-S7, 19.3R3-S3 (custom) Affected: 19.4 , < 19.4R3-S5 (custom) Affected: 20.1 , < 20.1R2-S2, 20.1R3-S1 (custom) Affected: 20.2 , < 20.2R3-S2 (custom) Affected: 20.3 , < 20.3R3 (custom) Affected: 20.4 , < 20.4R2-S1, 20.4R3 (custom) Affected: 21.1 , < 21.1R1-S1, 21.1R2 (custom) |
Date Public
2021-10-13 00:00
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CVE-2021-29511 (GCVE-0-2021-29511)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-05-12 17:15 – Updated: 2024-08-03 22:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Memory over-allocation in evm crate
Summary
evm is a pure Rust implementation of Ethereum Virtual Machine. Prior to the patch, when executing specific EVM opcodes related to memory operations that use `evm_core::Memory::copy_large`, the `evm` crate can over-allocate memory when it is not needed, making it possible for an attacker to perform denial-of-service attack. The flaw was corrected in commit `19ade85`. Users should upgrade to `==0.21.1, ==0.23.1, ==0.24.1, ==0.25.1, >=0.26.1`. There are no workarounds. Please upgrade your `evm` crate version.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-770 - {"CWE-770":"Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling"}
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/commit/19a… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://crates.io/crates/evm | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rust-blockchain | evm |
Affected:
< 0.21.1
Affected: = 0.22.0 Affected: = 0.23.0 Affected: = 0.24.0 Affected: = 0.25.0 |
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"references": {
"reference_data": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/security/advisories/GHSA-4jwq-572w-4388",
"refsource": "CONFIRM",
"url": "https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/security/advisories/GHSA-4jwq-572w-4388"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/commit/19ade858c430ab13eb562764a870ac9f8506f8dd",
"refsource": "MISC",
"url": "https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/commit/19ade858c430ab13eb562764a870ac9f8506f8dd"
},
{
"name": "https://crates.io/crates/evm",
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"url": "https://crates.io/crates/evm"
}
]
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CVE-2021-27383 (GCVE-0-2021-27383)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-05-12 13:18 – Updated: 2026-06-02 19:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC HMI Comfort Outdoor Panels V15 7\" & 15\" (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V15.1 Update 6), SIMATIC HMI Comfort Outdoor Panels V16 7\" & 15\" (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V16 Update 4), SIMATIC HMI Comfort Panels V15 4\" - 22\" (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V15.1 Update 6), SIMATIC HMI Comfort Panels V16 4\" - 22\" (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V16 Update 4), SIMATIC HMI KTP Mobile Panels V15 KTP400F, KTP700, KTP700F, KTP900 and KTP900F (All versions < V15.1 Update 6), SIMATIC HMI KTP Mobile Panels V16 KTP400F, KTP700, KTP700F, KTP900 and KTP900F (All versions < V16 Update 4), SIMATIC WinCC Runtime Advanced V15 (All versions < V15.1 Update 6), SIMATIC WinCC Runtime Advanced V16 (All versions < V16 Update 4), SINAMICS GH150 (All versions), SINAMICS GL150 (with option X30) (All versions), SINAMICS GM150 (with option X30) (All versions), SINAMICS SH150 (All versions), SINAMICS SL150 (All versions), SINAMICS SM120 (All versions), SINAMICS SM150 (All versions), SINAMICS SM150i (All versions). SmartVNC has a heap allocation leak vulnerability in the server Tight encoder, which could result in a Denial-of-Service condition.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/s… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/s… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-131-12 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
16 products
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CVE-2021-26381 (GCVE-0-2021-26381)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-10 19:47 – Updated: 2026-02-26 14:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Improper system call parameter validation in the Trusted OS may allow a malicious driver to perform mapping or unmapping operations on a large number of pages, potentially resulting in kernel memory corruption.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
Impacted products
22 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Threadripper™ PRO 3000 WX-Series Processors |
Unaffected:
ChagallWSPI-sWRX8 1.0.0.2/ CastlePeakWSPI-sWRX8 1.0.0.9
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 5000 Series Desktop Processors with Radeon™ Graphics |
Unaffected:
ComboAM4v2 PI 1.2.0.5
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Threadripper™ PRO 5000 WX-Series Processors |
Unaffected:
ChagallWSPI-sWRX8 1.0.0.1
|
|
| AMD | AMD Athlon™ 3000 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon™ Graphics |
Unaffected:
PicassoPI-FP5 1.0.0.E
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 5000 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon™ Graphics |
Unaffected:
CezannePI-FP6 1.0.0.8
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 3000 Series Desktop Processors |
Unaffected:
ComboAM4PI 1.0.0.9/ ComboAM4 V2 PI 1.2.0.8
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 4000 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon™ Graphics |
Unaffected:
RenoirPI-FP6 1.0.0.8
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 4000 Series Desktop Processors |
Unaffected:
ComboAM4v2 PI 1.2.0.5
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 5000 Series Desktop Processors |
Unaffected:
ComboAM4 V2 PI 1.2.0.8
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Embedded R1000 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
EmbeddedPI-FP5 1.2.0.A
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Embedded R2000 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
EmbeddedR2KPI-FP5_1.0.0.2
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Embedded 5000 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
EmbAM4PI 1.0.0.2
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Embedded V1000 Series Processors (formerly codenamed "Raven Ridge") |
Unaffected:
EmbeddedPI-FP5 1.2.0.A
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Embedded V1000 Series Processors (formerly codenamed "Picasso") |
Unaffected:
120A
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Embedded V2000 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
EmbeddedPI-FP6_1.0.0.6
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Embedded V3000 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
EmbeddedPI-FP7r2_0080
|
|
| AMD | AMD Radeon™ RX 5000 Series Graphics Products |
Unaffected:
AMD Software: Adrenalin Edition 25.4.1 (24.30.31.08), AMD Software: PRO Edition 25.Q2(25.10.10)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Radeon™ PRO W5000 Series Graphics Products |
Unaffected:
AMD Software: Adrenalin Edition 25.4.1 (24.30.31.08), AMD Software: PRO Edition 25.Q2(25.10.10)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Radeon™ PRO W6000 Series Graphics Products |
Unaffected:
AMD Software: Adrenalin Edition 25.4.1 (24.30.31.08), AMD Software: PRO Edition 25.Q2(25.10.10)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Radeon™ RX 6000 Series Graphics Products |
Unaffected:
AMD Software: Adrenalin Edition 25.4.1 (24.30.31.08), AMD Software: PRO Edition 25.Q2(25.10.10)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Radeon™ PRO V520 |
Unaffected:
Contact Your AMD Customer Engineering Represenatative
|
|
| AMD | AMD Radeon™ PRO V620 |
Unaffected:
Contact Your AMD Customer Engineering Represenatative
|
Date Public
2026-02-11 14:10
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CVE-2021-25671 (GCVE-0-2021-25671)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-13 11:02 – Updated: 2024-08-03 20:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in RWG1.M12 (All versions < V1.16.16), RWG1.M12D (All versions < V1.16.16), RWG1.M8 (All versions < V1.16.16). Sending specially crafted ARP packets to an affected device could cause a partial denial-of-service, preventing the device to operate normally. A restart is needed to restore normal operations.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/s… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2021-25666 (GCVE-0-2021-25666)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-09 15:38 – Updated: 2024-08-03 20:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in SCALANCE W780 and W740 (IEEE 802.11n) family (All versions < V6.3). Sending specially crafted packets through the ARP protocol to an affected device could cause a partial denial-of-service, preventing the device to operate normally for a short period of time.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/s… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-040-07 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | SCALANCE W780 and W740 (IEEE 802.11n) family |
Affected:
All versions < V6.3
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CVE-2021-22919 (GCVE-0-2021-22919)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-08-05 20:16 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been discovered in Citrix ADC (formerly known as NetScaler ADC) and Citrix Gateway (formerly known as NetScaler Gateway), and Citrix SD-WAN WANOP Edition models 4000-WO, 4100-WO, 5000-WO, and 5100-WO. These vulnerabilities, if exploited, could lead to the limited available disk space on the appliances being fully consumed.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling (CWE-770)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX319135 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Citrix ADC, Citrix Gateway, Citrix SD-WAN WANOP |
Affected:
Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway 13.0-82.45 and later releases of 13.0 Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway 12.1-62.27 and later releases of 12.1 Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway 11.1-65.22 and later releases of 11.1 Citrix ADC 12.1-FIPS 12.1-55.247 and later releases of 12.1-FIPS Citrix SD-WAN WANOP Edition 11.4.0a and later releases of 11.4 Citrix SD-WAN WANOP Edition 11.3.2a and later releases of 11.3 Citrix SD-WAN WANOP Edition 11.2.3b and later releases of 11.2 Citrix SD-WAN WANOP Edition 10.2.9b and later releases of 10.2
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CVE-2021-22532 (GCVE-0-2021-22532)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-12 12:44 – Updated: 2024-09-12 12:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Possible NLDAP Denial of Service attack Vulnerability
Summary
Possible NLDAP Denial of Service attack Vulnerability
in eDirectory has been discovered in
OpenText™
eDirectory before 9.2.4.0000.
Severity
7.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenText | eDirectory |
Affected:
9.2.4.0000 , < <
(rpm, exe)
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CVE-2021-21000 (GCVE-0-2021-21000)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-05-24 11:05 – Updated: 2024-09-16 18:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WAGO: PFC200 Denial of Service due to the number of connections to the runtime
Summary
On WAGO PFC200 devices in different firmware versions with special crafted packets an attacker with network access to the device could cause a denial of service for the login service of the runtime.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert.vde.com/en-us/advisories/vde-2021-014 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAGO | Series PFC200 Controller |
Affected:
750-823 , ≤ FW07
(custom)
Affected: 750-829 , ≤ FW14 (custom) Affected: 750-831/000-00x , ≤ FW14 (custom) Affected: 750-832/000-00x , ≤ FW06 (custom) Affected: 750-852 , ≤ FW14 (custom) Affected: 750-862 , ≤ FW07 (custom) Affected: 750-880/0xx-xxx , ≤ FW15 (custom) Affected: 750-881 , ≤ FW14 (custom) Affected: 750-882 , ≤ FW14 (custom) Affected: 750-885/0xx-xxx , ≤ FW14 (custom) Affected: 750-889 , ≤ FW14 (custom) Affected: 750-890/0xx-xxx , ≤ FW07 (custom) Affected: 750-891 , ≤ FW07 (custom) Affected: 750-893 , ≤ FW07 (custom) |
|
| WAGO | Series Ethernet Controller |
Affected:
750-8202/xxx-xxx , < 03.06.19 (18)
(custom)
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Date Public
2021-05-20 00:00
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CVE-2021-3637 (GCVE-0-2021-3637)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-09 10:33 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A flaw was found in keycloak-model-infinispan in keycloak versions before 14.0.0 where authenticationSessions map in RootAuthenticationSessionEntity grows boundlessly which could lead to a DoS attack.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1979638 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | keycloak-model-infinispan |
Affected:
keycloak 14.0.0
|
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Mitigation
Requirements
Clearly specify the minimum and maximum expectations for capabilities, and dictate which behaviors are acceptable when resource allocation reaches limits.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Limit the amount of resources that are accessible to unprivileged users. Set per-user limits for resources. Allow the system administrator to define these limits. Be careful to avoid CWE-410.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place, and it will help the administrator to identify who is committing the abuse. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution can be difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply requires more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, typically by using increasing time delays
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation MIT-38.1
Architecture and Design
Implementation
- If the program must fail, ensure that it fails gracefully (fails closed). There may be a temptation to simply let the program fail poorly in cases such as low memory conditions, but an attacker may be able to assert control before the software has fully exited. Alternately, an uncontrolled failure could cause cascading problems with other downstream components; for example, the program could send a signal to a downstream process so the process immediately knows that a problem has occurred and has a better chance of recovery.
- Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
Mitigation MIT-47
Operation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Resource Limitation
- Use quotas or other resource-limiting settings provided by the operating system or environment. For example, when managing system resources in POSIX, setrlimit() can be used to set limits for certain types of resources, and getrlimit() can determine how many resources are available. However, these functions are not available on all operating systems.
- When the current levels get close to the maximum that is defined for the application (see CWE-770), then limit the allocation of further resources to privileged users; alternately, begin releasing resources for less-privileged users. While this mitigation may protect the system from attack, it will not necessarily stop attackers from adversely impacting other users.
- Ensure that the application performs the appropriate error checks and error handling in case resources become unavailable (CWE-703).
CAPEC-125: Flooding
An adversary consumes the resources of a target by rapidly engaging in a large number of interactions with the target. This type of attack generally exposes a weakness in rate limiting or flow. When successful this attack prevents legitimate users from accessing the service and can cause the target to crash. This attack differs from resource depletion through leaks or allocations in that the latter attacks do not rely on the volume of requests made to the target but instead focus on manipulation of the target's operations. The key factor in a flooding attack is the number of requests the adversary can make in a given period of time. The greater this number, the more likely an attack is to succeed against a given target.
CAPEC-130: Excessive Allocation
An adversary causes the target to allocate excessive resources to servicing the attackers' request, thereby reducing the resources available for legitimate services and degrading or denying services. Usually, this attack focuses on memory allocation, but any finite resource on the target could be the attacked, including bandwidth, processing cycles, or other resources. This attack does not attempt to force this allocation through a large number of requests (that would be Resource Depletion through Flooding) but instead uses one or a small number of requests that are carefully formatted to force the target to allocate excessive resources to service this request(s). Often this attack takes advantage of a bug in the target to cause the target to allocate resources vastly beyond what would be needed for a normal request.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-197: Exponential Data Expansion
An adversary submits data to a target application which contains nested exponential data expansion to produce excessively large output. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. However, this capability can be abused to create excessive demands on a processor's CPU and memory. A small number of nested expansions can result in an exponential growth in demands on memory.
CAPEC-229: Serialized Data Parameter Blowup
This attack exploits certain serialized data parsers (e.g., XML, YAML, etc.) which manage data in an inefficient manner. The attacker crafts an serialized data file with multiple configuration parameters in the same dataset. In a vulnerable parser, this results in a denial of service condition where CPU resources are exhausted because of the parsing algorithm. The weakness being exploited is tied to parser implementation and not language specific.
CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads
Applications often need to transform data in and out of a data format (e.g., XML and YAML) by using a parser. It may be possible for an adversary to inject data that may have an adverse effect on the parser when it is being processed. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. By nesting these structures, causing the data to be repeatedly substituted, an adversary can cause the parser to consume more resources while processing, causing excessive memory consumption and CPU utilization.
CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads
An adversary injects oversized serialized data payloads into a parser during data processing to produce adverse effects upon the parser such as exhausting system resources and arbitrary code execution.
CAPEC-469: HTTP DoS
An attacker performs flooding at the HTTP level to bring down only a particular web application rather than anything listening on a TCP/IP connection. This denial of service attack requires substantially fewer packets to be sent which makes DoS harder to detect. This is an equivalent of SYN flood in HTTP. The idea is to keep the HTTP session alive indefinitely and then repeat that hundreds of times. This attack targets resource depletion weaknesses in web server software. The web server will wait to attacker's responses on the initiated HTTP sessions while the connection threads are being exhausted.
CAPEC-482: TCP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the TCP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service. These attacks exploit the weakness within the TCP protocol where there is some state information for the connection the server needs to maintain. This often involves the use of TCP SYN messages.
CAPEC-486: UDP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the UDP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming the available network bandwidth. Additionally, firewalls often open a port for each UDP connection destined for a service with an open UDP port, meaning the firewalls in essence save the connection state thus the high packet nature of a UDP flood can also overwhelm resources allocated to the firewall. UDP attacks can also target services like DNS or VoIP which utilize these protocols. Additionally, due to the session-less nature of the UDP protocol, the source of a packet is easily spoofed making it difficult to find the source of the attack.
CAPEC-487: ICMP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the ICMP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming the available network bandwidth. A typical attack involves a victim server receiving ICMP packets at a high rate from a wide range of source addresses. Additionally, due to the session-less nature of the ICMP protocol, the source of a packet is easily spoofed making it difficult to find the source of the attack.
CAPEC-488: HTTP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the HTTP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming resources at the application layer such as web services and their infrastructure. These attacks use legitimate session-based HTTP GET requests designed to consume large amounts of a server's resources. Since these are legitimate sessions this attack is very difficult to detect.
CAPEC-489: SSL Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the SSL protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming all the available resources on the server side. These attacks take advantage of the asymmetric relationship between the processing power used by the client and the processing power used by the server to create a secure connection. In this manner the attacker can make a large number of HTTPS requests on a low provisioned machine to tie up a disproportionately large number of resources on the server. The clients then continue to keep renegotiating the SSL connection. When multiplied by a large number of attacking machines, this attack can result in a crash or loss of service to legitimate users.
CAPEC-490: Amplification
An adversary may execute an amplification where the size of a response is far greater than that of the request that generates it. The goal of this attack is to use a relatively few resources to create a large amount of traffic against a target server. To execute this attack, an adversary send a request to a 3rd party service, spoofing the source address to be that of the target server. The larger response that is generated by the 3rd party service is then sent to the target server. By sending a large number of initial requests, the adversary can generate a tremendous amount of traffic directed at the target. The greater the discrepancy in size between the initial request and the final payload delivered to the target increased the effectiveness of this attack.
CAPEC-491: Quadratic Data Expansion
An adversary exploits macro-like substitution to cause a denial of service situation due to excessive memory being allocated to fully expand the data. The result of this denial of service could cause the application to freeze or crash. This involves defining a very large entity and using it multiple times in a single entity substitution. CAPEC-197 is a similar attack pattern, but it is easier to discover and defend against. This attack pattern does not perform multi-level substitution and therefore does not obviously appear to consume extensive resources.
CAPEC-493: SOAP Array Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a web service that uses SOAP messages in communication. By sending a very large SOAP array declaration to the web service, the attacker forces the web service to allocate space for the array elements before they are parsed by the XML parser. The attacker message is typically small in size containing a large array declaration of say 1,000,000 elements and a couple of array elements. This attack targets exhaustion of the memory resources of the web service.
CAPEC-494: TCP Fragmentation
An adversary may execute a TCP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of avoiding filtering rules of network controls, by attempting to fragment the TCP packet such that the headers flag field is pushed into the second fragment which typically is not filtered.
CAPEC-495: UDP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a UDP Fragmentation attack against a target server in an attempt to consume resources such as bandwidth and CPU. IP fragmentation occurs when an IP datagram is larger than the MTU of the route the datagram has to traverse. Typically the attacker will use large UDP packets over 1500 bytes of data which forces fragmentation as ethernet MTU is 1500 bytes. This attack is a variation on a typical UDP flood but it enables more network bandwidth to be consumed with fewer packets. Additionally it has the potential to consume server CPU resources and fill memory buffers associated with the processing and reassembling of fragmented packets.
CAPEC-496: ICMP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a ICMP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of consuming resources or causing a crash. The attacker crafts a large number of identical fragmented IP packets containing a portion of a fragmented ICMP message. The attacker these sends these messages to a target host which causes the host to become non-responsive. Another vector may be sending a fragmented ICMP message to a target host with incorrect sizes in the header which causes the host to hang.
CAPEC-528: XML Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using XML messages with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a web service. These attacks are accomplished by sending a large number of XML based requests and letting the service attempt to parse each one. In many cases this type of an attack will result in a XML Denial of Service (XDoS) due to an application becoming unstable, freezing, or crashing.