Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-674

Allowed-with-Review

Uncontrolled Recursion

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.

638 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-XCX6-VP38-8HR5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-24 22:15 – Updated: 2026-07-06 13:09
VLAI
Summary
Scriban has Uncontrolled Recursion in `object.to_json` Causing Unrecoverable Process Crash via StackOverflowException
Details

Summary

The object.to_json builtin function in Scriban performs recursive JSON serialization via an internal WriteValue() static local function that has no depth limit, no circular reference detection, and no stack overflow guard. A Scriban template containing a self-referencing object passed to object.to_json triggers unbounded recursion, causing a StackOverflowException that terminates the hosting .NET process. This is a fatal, unrecoverable crash — StackOverflowException cannot be caught by user code in .NET.

Details

The vulnerable code is the WriteValue() static local function at src/Scriban/Functions/ObjectFunctions.cs:494:

static void WriteValue(TemplateContext context, Utf8JsonWriter writer, object value)
{
    var type = value?.GetType() ?? typeof(object);
    if (value is null || value is string || value is bool ||
        type.IsPrimitiveOrDecimal() || value is IFormattable)
    {
        JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value, type);
    }
    else if (value is IList || type.IsArray) {
        writer.WriteStartArray();
        foreach (var x in context.ToList(context.CurrentSpan, value))
        {
            WriteValue(context, writer, x);  // recursive, no depth check
        }
        writer.WriteEndArray();
    }
    else {
        writer.WriteStartObject();
        var accessor = context.GetMemberAccessor(value);
        foreach (var member in accessor.GetMembers(context, context.CurrentSpan, value))
        {
            if (accessor.TryGetValue(context, context.CurrentSpan, value, member, out var memberValue))
            {
                writer.WritePropertyName(member);
                WriteValue(context, writer, memberValue);  // recursive, no depth check
            }
        }
        writer.WriteEndObject();
    }
}

This function has none of the safety mechanisms present in other recursive paths:

  • ObjectToString() at TemplateContext.Helpers.cs:98 checks ObjectRecursionLimit (default 20)
  • EnterRecursive() at TemplateContext.cs:957 calls RuntimeHelpers.EnsureSufficientExecutionStack()
  • CheckAbort() at TemplateContext.cs:464 also calls EnsureSufficientExecutionStack()

The WriteValue() function bypasses all of these because it is a static local function that only takes the TemplateContext for member access — it never calls EnterRecursive(), never checks ObjectRecursionLimit, and never calls EnsureSufficientExecutionStack().

Execution flow:

  1. Template creates a ScriptObject: {{ x = {} }}
  2. Sets a self-reference: x.self = x — stores a reference in ScriptObject.Store dictionary
  3. Pipes to object.to_json: x | object.to_json → calls ToJson() at line 477
  4. ToJson() calls WriteValue(context, writer, value) at line 488
  5. WriteValue enters the else branch (line 515), gets members via accessor, finds "self"
  6. TryGetValue returns x itself, WriteValue recurses with the same object — infinite loop
  7. StackOverflowException is thrown — fatal, cannot be caught, process terminates

PoC

{{ x = {}; x.self = x; x | object.to_json }}

In a hosting application:

using Scriban;

// This will crash the entire process with StackOverflowException
var template = Template.Parse("{{ x = {}; x.self = x; x | object.to_json }}");
var result = template.Render(); // FATAL: process terminates here

Even without circular references, deeply nested objects can exhaust the stack since no depth limit is enforced:

{{ a = {}
   b = {inner: a}
   c = {inner: b}
   d = {inner: c}
   # ... continue nesting ...
   result = deepest | object.to_json }}

Impact

  • Process crash DoS: Any application embedding Scriban for user-provided templates (CMS platforms, email template engines, report generators, static site generators) can be crashed by a single malicious template. The crash is unrecoverable — StackOverflowException terminates the .NET process.
  • No try/catch protection possible: Unlike most exceptions, StackOverflowException cannot be caught by application code. The hosting application cannot wrap template.Render() in a try/catch to survive this.
  • No authentication required: object.to_json is a default builtin function (registered in BuiltinFunctions.cs), available in all Scriban templates unless explicitly removed.
  • Trivial to exploit: The PoC is a single line of template code.

Recommended Fix

Add a depth counter parameter to WriteValue() and check it against ObjectRecursionLimit, consistent with how ObjectToString is protected. Also add EnsureSufficientExecutionStack() as a safety net:

static void WriteValue(TemplateContext context, Utf8JsonWriter writer, object value, int depth = 0)
{
    if (context.ObjectRecursionLimit != 0 && depth > context.ObjectRecursionLimit)
    {
        throw new ScriptRuntimeException(context.CurrentSpan,
            $"Exceeding object recursion limit `{context.ObjectRecursionLimit}` in object.to_json");
    }

    try
    {
        RuntimeHelpers.EnsureSufficientExecutionStack();
    }
    catch (InsufficientExecutionStackException)
    {
        throw new ScriptRuntimeException(context.CurrentSpan,
            "Exceeding recursive depth limit in object.to_json, near to stack overflow");
    }

    var type = value?.GetType() ?? typeof(object);
    if (value is null || value is string || value is bool ||
        type.IsPrimitiveOrDecimal() || value is IFormattable)
    {
        JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value, type);
    }
    else if (value is IList || type.IsArray) {
        writer.WriteStartArray();
        foreach (var x in context.ToList(context.CurrentSpan, value))
        {
            WriteValue(context, writer, x, depth + 1);
        }
        writer.WriteEndArray();
    }
    else {
        writer.WriteStartObject();
        var accessor = context.GetMemberAccessor(value);
        foreach (var member in accessor.GetMembers(context, context.CurrentSpan, value))
        {
            if (accessor.TryGetValue(context, context.CurrentSpan, value, member, out var memberValue))
            {
                writer.WritePropertyName(member);
                WriteValue(context, writer, memberValue, depth + 1);
            }
        }
        writer.WriteEndObject();
    }
}
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Scriban"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Scriban.Signed"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-24T22:15:13Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe `object.to_json` builtin function in Scriban performs recursive JSON serialization via an internal `WriteValue()` static local function that has no depth limit, no circular reference detection, and no stack overflow guard. A Scriban template containing a self-referencing object passed to `object.to_json` triggers unbounded recursion, causing a `StackOverflowException` that terminates the hosting .NET process. This is a fatal, unrecoverable crash \u2014 `StackOverflowException` cannot be caught by user code in .NET.\n\n## Details\n\nThe vulnerable code is the `WriteValue()` static local function at `src/Scriban/Functions/ObjectFunctions.cs:494`:\n\n```csharp\nstatic void WriteValue(TemplateContext context, Utf8JsonWriter writer, object value)\n{\n    var type = value?.GetType() ?? typeof(object);\n    if (value is null || value is string || value is bool ||\n        type.IsPrimitiveOrDecimal() || value is IFormattable)\n    {\n        JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value, type);\n    }\n    else if (value is IList || type.IsArray) {\n        writer.WriteStartArray();\n        foreach (var x in context.ToList(context.CurrentSpan, value))\n        {\n            WriteValue(context, writer, x);  // recursive, no depth check\n        }\n        writer.WriteEndArray();\n    }\n    else {\n        writer.WriteStartObject();\n        var accessor = context.GetMemberAccessor(value);\n        foreach (var member in accessor.GetMembers(context, context.CurrentSpan, value))\n        {\n            if (accessor.TryGetValue(context, context.CurrentSpan, value, member, out var memberValue))\n            {\n                writer.WritePropertyName(member);\n                WriteValue(context, writer, memberValue);  // recursive, no depth check\n            }\n        }\n        writer.WriteEndObject();\n    }\n}\n```\n\nThis function has **none** of the safety mechanisms present in other recursive paths:\n\n- `ObjectToString()` at `TemplateContext.Helpers.cs:98` checks `ObjectRecursionLimit` (default 20)\n- `EnterRecursive()` at `TemplateContext.cs:957` calls `RuntimeHelpers.EnsureSufficientExecutionStack()`\n- `CheckAbort()` at `TemplateContext.cs:464` also calls `EnsureSufficientExecutionStack()`\n\nThe `WriteValue()` function bypasses all of these because it is a static local function that only takes the `TemplateContext` for member access \u2014 it never calls `EnterRecursive()`, never checks `ObjectRecursionLimit`, and never calls `EnsureSufficientExecutionStack()`.\n\n**Execution flow:**\n\n1. Template creates a ScriptObject: `{{ x = {} }}`\n2. Sets a self-reference: `x.self = x` \u2014 stores a reference in `ScriptObject.Store` dictionary\n3. Pipes to `object.to_json`: `x | object.to_json` \u2192 calls `ToJson()` at line 477\n4. `ToJson()` calls `WriteValue(context, writer, value)` at line 488\n5. `WriteValue` enters the `else` branch (line 515), gets members via accessor, finds \"self\"\n6. `TryGetValue` returns `x` itself, `WriteValue` recurses with the same object \u2014 infinite loop\n7. `StackOverflowException` is thrown \u2014 **fatal, cannot be caught, process terminates**\n\n## PoC\n\n```scriban\n{{ x = {}; x.self = x; x | object.to_json }}\n```\n\nIn a hosting application:\n\n```csharp\nusing Scriban;\n\n// This will crash the entire process with StackOverflowException\nvar template = Template.Parse(\"{{ x = {}; x.self = x; x | object.to_json }}\");\nvar result = template.Render(); // FATAL: process terminates here\n```\n\nEven without circular references, deeply nested objects can exhaust the stack since no depth limit is enforced:\n\n```scriban\n{{ a = {}\n   b = {inner: a}\n   c = {inner: b}\n   d = {inner: c}\n   # ... continue nesting ...\n   result = deepest | object.to_json }}\n```\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Process crash DoS**: Any application embedding Scriban for user-provided templates (CMS platforms, email template engines, report generators, static site generators) can be crashed by a single malicious template. The crash is unrecoverable \u2014 `StackOverflowException` terminates the .NET process.\n- **No try/catch protection possible**: Unlike most exceptions, `StackOverflowException` cannot be caught by application code. The hosting application cannot wrap `template.Render()` in a try/catch to survive this.\n- **No authentication required**: `object.to_json` is a default builtin function (registered in `BuiltinFunctions.cs`), available in all Scriban templates unless explicitly removed.\n- **Trivial to exploit**: The PoC is a single line of template code.\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\nAdd a depth counter parameter to `WriteValue()` and check it against `ObjectRecursionLimit`, consistent with how `ObjectToString` is protected. Also add `EnsureSufficientExecutionStack()` as a safety net:\n\n```csharp\nstatic void WriteValue(TemplateContext context, Utf8JsonWriter writer, object value, int depth = 0)\n{\n    if (context.ObjectRecursionLimit != 0 \u0026\u0026 depth \u003e context.ObjectRecursionLimit)\n    {\n        throw new ScriptRuntimeException(context.CurrentSpan,\n            $\"Exceeding object recursion limit `{context.ObjectRecursionLimit}` in object.to_json\");\n    }\n\n    try\n    {\n        RuntimeHelpers.EnsureSufficientExecutionStack();\n    }\n    catch (InsufficientExecutionStackException)\n    {\n        throw new ScriptRuntimeException(context.CurrentSpan,\n            \"Exceeding recursive depth limit in object.to_json, near to stack overflow\");\n    }\n\n    var type = value?.GetType() ?? typeof(object);\n    if (value is null || value is string || value is bool ||\n        type.IsPrimitiveOrDecimal() || value is IFormattable)\n    {\n        JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value, type);\n    }\n    else if (value is IList || type.IsArray) {\n        writer.WriteStartArray();\n        foreach (var x in context.ToList(context.CurrentSpan, value))\n        {\n            WriteValue(context, writer, x, depth + 1);\n        }\n        writer.WriteEndArray();\n    }\n    else {\n        writer.WriteStartObject();\n        var accessor = context.GetMemberAccessor(value);\n        foreach (var member in accessor.GetMembers(context, context.CurrentSpan, value))\n        {\n            if (accessor.TryGetValue(context, context.CurrentSpan, value, member, out var memberValue))\n            {\n                writer.WritePropertyName(member);\n                WriteValue(context, writer, memberValue, depth + 1);\n            }\n        }\n        writer.WriteEndObject();\n    }\n}\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-xcx6-vp38-8hr5",
  "modified": "2026-07-06T13:09:17Z",
  "published": "2026-03-24T22:15:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/scriban/scriban/security/advisories/GHSA-xcx6-vp38-8hr5"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/scriban/scriban"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Scriban has Uncontrolled Recursion in `object.to_json` Causing Unrecoverable Process Crash via StackOverflowException"
}

GHSA-XF55-65PG-X58P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-03 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:30
VLAI
Details

DOCSIS dissector crash in Wireshark 4.2.0 allows denial of service via packet injection or crafted capture file

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-0211"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674",
      "CWE-835"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-03T08:15:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "DOCSIS dissector crash in Wireshark 4.2.0 allows denial of service via packet injection or crafted capture file",
  "id": "GHSA-xf55-65pg-x58p",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T00:30:42Z",
  "published": "2024-01-03T09:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0211"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/issues/19557"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/09/msg00049.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wireshark.org/security/wnpa-sec-2024-05.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XHJ5-RVCV-CCCG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:19 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:19
VLAI
Details

ati-vga in hw/display/ati.c in QEMU 4.2.0 allows guest OS users to trigger infinite recursion via a crafted mm_index value during an ati_mm_read or ati_mm_write call.

Severity
6.0 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-13800"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674",
      "CWE-835"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-06-04T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "ati-vga in hw/display/ati.c in QEMU 4.2.0 allows guest OS users to trigger infinite recursion via a crafted mm_index value during an ati_mm_read or ati_mm_write call.",
  "id": "GHSA-xhj5-rvcv-cccg",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:19:18Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:19:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-13800"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cve.openeuler.org/cve#/CVEInfo/CVE-2020-13800"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2020-06/msg00825.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202011-09"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20200717-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4467-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/06/04/2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-07/msg00086.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XP8V-W5Q3-JGF9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:53 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:41
VLAI
Details

In DjVuLibre 3.5.27, the sorting functionality (aka GArrayTemplate::sort) allows attackers to cause a denial-of-service (application crash due to an Uncontrolled Recursion) by crafting a PBM image file that is mishandled in libdjvu/GContainer.h.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-15144"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-08-18T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In DjVuLibre 3.5.27, the sorting functionality (aka GArrayTemplate\u003cTYPE\u003e::sort) allows attackers to cause a denial-of-service (application crash due to an Uncontrolled Recursion) by crafting a PBM image file that is mishandled in libdjvu/GContainer.h.",
  "id": "GHSA-xp8v-w5q3-jgf9",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:41:52Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:53:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15144"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-5032"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4198-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/djvu/djvulibre-git/ci/e15d51510048927f172f1bf1f27ede65907d940d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/djvu/bugs/299"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202007-36"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RYZTGKWY3NAKMIMTFYGN4ZO5XEQWPYRL"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QUEME45HVGTMDOYODAZYQOGWSZ2CEFWZ"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/M7F7544WASYMOTFDR2WUEOQLN3ZEXNU4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JO65AWU7LEWNF6DDCZPRFTR2ZPP5XK6L"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FPMG3VY33XGMIKE6QDYIUVS6A7GNTHTK"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RYZTGKWY3NAKMIMTFYGN4ZO5XEQWPYRL"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QUEME45HVGTMDOYODAZYQOGWSZ2CEFWZ"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/M7F7544WASYMOTFDR2WUEOQLN3ZEXNU4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JO65AWU7LEWNF6DDCZPRFTR2ZPP5XK6L"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FPMG3VY33XGMIKE6QDYIUVS6A7GNTHTK"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/05/msg00022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/08/msg00036.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00086.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00087.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XPP6-8R3J-WW43

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-08 21:31 – Updated: 2024-09-30 19:46
VLAI
Summary
Undertow Denial of Service vulnerability
Details

A vulnerability was found in Undertow, where the chunked response hangs after the body was flushed. The response headers and body were sent but the client would continue waiting as Undertow does not send the expected 0\r\n termination of the chunked response. This results in uncontrolled resource consumption, leaving the server side to a denial of service attack. This happens only with Java 17 TLSv1.3 scenarios.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.undertow:undertow-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.3.0.Alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.15.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.undertow:undertow-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.34.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-5971"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-09T21:04:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-08T21:15:12Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in Undertow, where the chunked response hangs after the body was flushed. The response headers and body were sent but the client would continue waiting as Undertow does not send the expected `0\\r\\n` termination of the chunked response. This results in uncontrolled resource consumption, leaving the server side to a denial of service attack. This happens only with Java 17 TLSv1.3 scenarios.",
  "id": "GHSA-xpp6-8r3j-ww43",
  "modified": "2024-09-30T19:46:25Z",
  "published": "2024-07-08T21:31:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5971"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/undertow-io/undertow/pull/1638"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/undertow-io/undertow/pull/1640"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/undertow-io/undertow/pull/1641"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:4392"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:4884"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:5143"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:5144"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:5145"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:5147"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:6508"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:6883"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-5971"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2292211"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/undertow-io/undertow"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.redhat.com/browse/UNDERTOW-2413"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Undertow Denial of Service vulnerability"
}

GHSA-XV9F-3JVG-GC4H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-21 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-21 00:30
VLAI
Details

IBM Concert 1.0.0 through 2.0.0 could allow a local user with specific permission to obtain sensitive information from files due to uncontrolled recursive directory copying.

Severity
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-36158"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-20T22:15:57Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Concert 1.0.0 through 2.0.0 could allow a local user with specific permission to obtain sensitive information from files due to uncontrolled recursive directory copying.",
  "id": "GHSA-xv9f-3jvg-gc4h",
  "modified": "2025-11-21T00:30:22Z",
  "published": "2025-11-21T00:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-36158"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7252019"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XWMG-2G98-W7V9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-11 03:30 – Updated: 2025-09-19 21:31
VLAI
Summary
Nimbus JOSE + JWT is vulnerable to DoS attacks when processing deeply nested JSON
Details

Connect2id Nimbus JOSE + JWT before 10.0.2 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a deeply nested JSON object supplied in a JWT claim set, because of uncontrolled recursion. NOTE: this is independent of the Gson 2.11.0 issue because the Connect2id product could have checked the JSON object nesting depth, regardless of what limits (if any) were imposed by Gson.

Severity
5.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.38-rc1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.37.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-53864"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-11T16:43:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-11T03:16:03Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Connect2id Nimbus JOSE + JWT before 10.0.2 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a deeply nested JSON object supplied in a JWT claim set, because of uncontrolled recursion. NOTE: this is independent of the Gson 2.11.0 issue because the Connect2id product could have checked the JSON object nesting depth, regardless of what limits (if any) were imposed by Gson.",
  "id": "GHSA-xwmg-2g98-w7v9",
  "modified": "2025-09-19T21:31:45Z",
  "published": "2025-07-11T03:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53864"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/gson/commit/1039427ff0100293dd3cf967a53a55282c0fef6b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/commits/f7fb882cc08f027c9ceb874acec3b51c6222861c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/issues/583/stackoverflowerror-due-to-deeply-nested"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/issues/593/back-port-cve-2025-53864-fix-to-9x-branch"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/gson/compare/gson-parent-2.11.0...gson-parent-2.12.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Nimbus JOSE + JWT is vulnerable to DoS attacks when processing deeply nested JSON"
}

GHSA-XXQQ-477X-J22X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-11 09:30 – Updated: 2025-03-11 09:30
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Datalust Seq before 2024.3.13545. An insecure default parsing depth limit allows stack consumption when parsing user-supplied queries containing deeply nested expressions.

Severity
5.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-58102"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-11T08:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Datalust Seq before 2024.3.13545. An insecure default parsing depth limit allows stack consumption when parsing user-supplied queries containing deeply nested expressions.",
  "id": "GHSA-xxqq-477x-j22x",
  "modified": "2025-03-11T09:30:30Z",
  "published": "2025-03-11T09:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-58102"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/datalust/seq-tickets/issues/2086"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/datalust/seq-tickets/issues/2367"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://datalust.co/seq"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that an end condition will be reached under all logic conditions. The end condition may include checking against the depth of recursion and exiting with an error if the recursion goes too deep. The complexity of the end condition contributes to the effectiveness of this action.

Mitigation
Implementation

Increase the stack size.

CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads

Applications often need to transform data in and out of a data format (e.g., XML and YAML) by using a parser. It may be possible for an adversary to inject data that may have an adverse effect on the parser when it is being processed. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. By nesting these structures, causing the data to be repeatedly substituted, an adversary can cause the parser to consume more resources while processing, causing excessive memory consumption and CPU utilization.

CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads

An adversary injects oversized serialized data payloads into a parser during data processing to produce adverse effects upon the parser such as exhausting system resources and arbitrary code execution.

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