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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-674

Allowed-with-Review

Uncontrolled Recursion

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.

755 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-CJ46-35HF-RV96

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-10-01 00:00
VLAI
Details

In PHP versions before 7.4.31, 8.0.24 and 8.1.11, the phar uncompressor code would recursively uncompress "quines" gzip files, resulting in an infinite loop.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-31628"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674",
      "CWE-835"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-28T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In PHP versions before 7.4.31, 8.0.24 and 8.1.11, the phar uncompressor code would recursively uncompress \"quines\" gzip files, resulting in an infinite loop.",
  "id": "GHSA-cj46-35hf-rv96",
  "modified": "2022-10-01T00:00:19Z",
  "published": "2022-09-29T00:00:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31628"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=81726"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/12/msg00030.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2L5SUVYGAKSWODUQPZFBUB3AL6E6CSEV"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VI3E6A3ZTH2RP7OMLJHSVFIEQBIFM6RF"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XNIEABBH5XCXLFWWZYIDE457SPEDZTXV"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202211-03"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20221209-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5277"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CJ9G-3MJ2-G8VV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-25 19:51 – Updated: 2026-06-25 19:51
VLAI
Summary
MessagePack-CSharp: JSON conversion APIs can recurse without consistent depth enforcement
Details

Summary

MessagePack-CSharp's JSON conversion helpers contain multiple recursion paths that do not consistently enforce a depth limit. These paths are in the JSON conversion component rather than normal typed MessagePack deserialization.

Three related issues are covered by this advisory:

  1. MessagePackSerializer.ConvertFromJson recursively processes nested JSON arrays and objects in FromJsonCore() without consulting MessagePackSecurity.MaximumObjectGraphDepth.
  2. TinyJsonReader.ReadNextToken() recursively consumes comma and colon separator characters, allowing even malformed JSON with long separator runs to consume one stack frame per character.
  3. MessagePackSerializer.ConvertToJson applies depth checks to arrays and maps, but the typeless extension branch for ext-100 recursively calls ToJsonCore() without applying MessagePackSecurity.DepthStep(ref reader).

Each path can allow attacker-controlled input to exhaust the process stack and trigger an uncatchable StackOverflowException instead of failing with a catchable parse or serialization exception.

Impact

Applications are affected when they call MessagePack-CSharp JSON conversion APIs on attacker-controlled data. This includes gateways, diagnostics endpoints, migration tools, logging paths, and services that convert between external JSON and MessagePack payloads.

For JSON-to-MessagePack conversion, deeply nested JSON arrays or objects can recurse through FromJsonCore() without applying the configured object graph depth limit. Separately, long runs of comma or colon separator characters can recurse through TinyJsonReader.ReadNextToken() before normal structural validation rejects the input.

For MessagePack-to-JSON conversion, nested typeless extension wrappers can recurse through ToJsonCore() without the depth guard that the same function applies to arrays and maps.

MessagePackSecurity.UntrustedData does not fully mitigate these conversion paths because the missing checks occur inside JSON conversion and tokenization branches that do not consistently use the configured depth policy.

Affected components

  • Package: MessagePack
  • APIs: MessagePackSerializer.ConvertFromJson, MessagePackSerializer.ConvertToJson
  • Internal routines: FromJsonCore, ToJsonCore, TinyJsonReader.ReadNextToken
  • Data shapes: deeply nested JSON arrays/objects, long JSON separator runs, and nested typeless MessagePack extension values converted to JSON
  • Finding IDs: MESSAGEPACKCSHARP-090, MESSAGEPACKCSHARP-091, MESSAGEPACKCSHARP-092

Patches

Fixes are prepared and will be released in coordinated patch versions.

Upgrade guidance:

  1. Upgrade MessagePack to the patched version for your release line.
  2. Upgrade companion MessagePack packages in the same dependency graph to the coordinated patched versions.

The JSON-to-MessagePack fix should add explicit JSON nesting-depth accounting to FromJsonCore, using the configured maximum object graph depth or an equivalent limit, or rewrite the conversion to use an iterative bounded stack.

The tokenizer fix should replace separator self-recursion in TinyJsonReader.ReadNextToken() with an iterative loop so consecutive commas, colons, and whitespace do not consume stack frames.

The MessagePack-to-JSON fix should apply DepthStep and matching reader.Depth-- cleanup around recursive ToJsonCore() calls made from the typeless extension branch, consistent with the existing array and map conversion branches.

Workarounds

Patching is recommended.

Until a patched version is available, do not pass untrusted JSON directly to ConvertFromJson, and do not call ConvertToJson on untrusted MessagePack payloads that may contain typeless extension values. Validate JSON nesting depth with a parser that enforces depth limits before calling MessagePack-CSharp, reject malformed JSON before conversion, and apply strict input-size limits.

Input-size limits reduce exposure but do not remove the recursive behavior in affected versions.

References

  • MESSAGEPACKCSHARP-090: ConvertFromJson unbounded structural recursion
  • MESSAGEPACKCSHARP-091: TinyJsonReader.ReadNextToken separator self-recursion
  • MESSAGEPACKCSHARP-092: ConvertToJson ext-100 branch missing depth enforcement
  • CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion

CVE split rationale

These issues are grouped because they affect the same JSON conversion feature area and share the same failure mode: recursive conversion/tokenization paths do not consistently enforce depth or iteration bounds for attacker-controlled input. They are distinct from normal binary MessagePack skip recursion, dynamic union formatter depth accounting, DateTime stack allocation, and allocation-oriented denial-of-service issues.

Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "MessagePack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.5.301"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "MessagePack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-48512"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-25T19:51:36Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-22T22:16:47Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nMessagePack-CSharp\u0027s JSON conversion helpers contain multiple recursion paths that do not consistently enforce a depth limit. These paths are in the JSON conversion component rather than normal typed MessagePack deserialization.\n\nThree related issues are covered by this advisory:\n\n1. `MessagePackSerializer.ConvertFromJson` recursively processes nested JSON arrays and objects in `FromJsonCore()` without consulting `MessagePackSecurity.MaximumObjectGraphDepth`.\n2. `TinyJsonReader.ReadNextToken()` recursively consumes comma and colon separator characters, allowing even malformed JSON with long separator runs to consume one stack frame per character.\n3. `MessagePackSerializer.ConvertToJson` applies depth checks to arrays and maps, but the typeless extension branch for ext-100 recursively calls `ToJsonCore()` without applying `MessagePackSecurity.DepthStep(ref reader)`.\n\nEach path can allow attacker-controlled input to exhaust the process stack and trigger an uncatchable `StackOverflowException` instead of failing with a catchable parse or serialization exception.\n\n## Impact\n\nApplications are affected when they call MessagePack-CSharp JSON conversion APIs on attacker-controlled data. This includes gateways, diagnostics endpoints, migration tools, logging paths, and services that convert between external JSON and MessagePack payloads.\n\nFor JSON-to-MessagePack conversion, deeply nested JSON arrays or objects can recurse through `FromJsonCore()` without applying the configured object graph depth limit. Separately, long runs of comma or colon separator characters can recurse through `TinyJsonReader.ReadNextToken()` before normal structural validation rejects the input.\n\nFor MessagePack-to-JSON conversion, nested typeless extension wrappers can recurse through `ToJsonCore()` without the depth guard that the same function applies to arrays and maps.\n\n`MessagePackSecurity.UntrustedData` does not fully mitigate these conversion paths because the missing checks occur inside JSON conversion and tokenization branches that do not consistently use the configured depth policy.\n\n## Affected components\n\n- Package: `MessagePack`\n- APIs: `MessagePackSerializer.ConvertFromJson`, `MessagePackSerializer.ConvertToJson`\n- Internal routines: `FromJsonCore`, `ToJsonCore`, `TinyJsonReader.ReadNextToken`\n- Data shapes: deeply nested JSON arrays/objects, long JSON separator runs, and nested typeless MessagePack extension values converted to JSON\n- Finding IDs: `MESSAGEPACKCSHARP-090`, `MESSAGEPACKCSHARP-091`, `MESSAGEPACKCSHARP-092`\n\n## Patches\n\nFixes are prepared and will be released in coordinated patch versions.\n\nUpgrade guidance:\n\n1. Upgrade `MessagePack` to the patched version for your release line.\n2. Upgrade companion MessagePack packages in the same dependency graph to the coordinated patched versions.\n\nThe JSON-to-MessagePack fix should add explicit JSON nesting-depth accounting to `FromJsonCore`, using the configured maximum object graph depth or an equivalent limit, or rewrite the conversion to use an iterative bounded stack.\n\nThe tokenizer fix should replace separator self-recursion in `TinyJsonReader.ReadNextToken()` with an iterative loop so consecutive commas, colons, and whitespace do not consume stack frames.\n\nThe MessagePack-to-JSON fix should apply `DepthStep` and matching `reader.Depth--` cleanup around recursive `ToJsonCore()` calls made from the typeless extension branch, consistent with the existing array and map conversion branches.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nPatching is recommended.\n\nUntil a patched version is available, do not pass untrusted JSON directly to `ConvertFromJson`, and do not call `ConvertToJson` on untrusted MessagePack payloads that may contain typeless extension values. Validate JSON nesting depth with a parser that enforces depth limits before calling MessagePack-CSharp, reject malformed JSON before conversion, and apply strict input-size limits.\n\nInput-size limits reduce exposure but do not remove the recursive behavior in affected versions.\n\n## References\n\n- `MESSAGEPACKCSHARP-090`: `ConvertFromJson` unbounded structural recursion\n- `MESSAGEPACKCSHARP-091`: `TinyJsonReader.ReadNextToken` separator self-recursion\n- `MESSAGEPACKCSHARP-092`: `ConvertToJson` ext-100 branch missing depth enforcement\n- CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion\n\n## CVE split rationale\n\nThese issues are grouped because they affect the same JSON conversion feature area and share the same failure mode: recursive conversion/tokenization paths do not consistently enforce depth or iteration bounds for attacker-controlled input. They are distinct from normal binary MessagePack skip recursion, dynamic union formatter depth accounting, DateTime stack allocation, and allocation-oriented denial-of-service issues.",
  "id": "GHSA-cj9g-3mj2-g8vv",
  "modified": "2026-06-25T19:51:36Z",
  "published": "2026-06-25T19:51:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MessagePack-CSharp/MessagePack-CSharp/security/advisories/GHSA-cj9g-3mj2-g8vv"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48512"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/MessagePack-CSharp/MessagePack-CSharp"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "MessagePack-CSharp: JSON conversion APIs can recurse without consistent depth enforcement"
}

GHSA-CMR2-GMFQ-RGQ8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:44 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:44
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Artifex MuJS 1.0.5. It has unlimited recursion because the match function in regexp.c lacks a depth check.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-11413"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-22T11:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Artifex MuJS 1.0.5. It has unlimited recursion because the match function in regexp.c lacks a depth check.",
  "id": "GHSA-cmr2-gmfq-rgq8",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T16:44:05Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:44:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11413"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ccxvii/mujs/commit/00d4606c3baf813b7b1c176823b2729bf51002a2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=700937"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3RQXMWEOWCGLOLFBQSXBM3MBN33T4I5H"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/67PMOZV4DLVL2KGU2SV724QL7Y4PKWKU"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MFCRO74ORRIVWNVAX2MAMRY3THCTWLQI"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202007-52"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ghostscript.com/cgi-bin/findgit.cgi?00d4606c3baf813b7b1c176823b2729bf51002a2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/108093"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-CPJV-M49G-H8M9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:38 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:38
VLAI
Details

Nextcloud Server before 9.0.55 and 10.0.2 suffers from a Denial of Service attack. Due to an error in the application logic an authenticated adversary may trigger an endless recursion in the application leading to a potential Denial of Service.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-0886"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-04-05T20:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Nextcloud Server before 9.0.55 and 10.0.2 suffers from a Denial of Service attack. Due to an error in the application logic an authenticated adversary may trigger an endless recursion in the application leading to a potential Denial of Service.",
  "id": "GHSA-cpjv-m49g-h8m9",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:38:26Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:38:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-0886"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/174524"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nextcloud.com/security/advisory/?id=nc-sa-2017-004"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CR2V-P345-FP24

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-12 12:30 – Updated: 2023-12-12 12:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC PC-Station Plus (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 412-2 PN V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 414-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 414F-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 416-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 416F-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions), SINAMICS S120 (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V5.2 SP3 HF15), SIPLUS S7-400 CPU 414-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions), SIPLUS S7-400 CPU 416-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions). The affected products do not handle HTTP(S) requests to the web server correctly.

This could allow an attacker to exhaust system resources and create a denial of service condition for the device.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-47374"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-12T12:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC\u00a0PC-Station Plus (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 412-2 PN V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 414-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 414F-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 416-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 416F-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions), SINAMICS S120 (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions \u003c V5.2 SP3 HF15), SIPLUS S7-400 CPU 414-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions), SIPLUS S7-400 CPU 416-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions). The affected products do not handle HTTP(S) requests to the web server correctly.\n\nThis could allow an attacker to exhaust system resources and create a denial of service condition for the device.",
  "id": "GHSA-cr2v-p345-fp24",
  "modified": "2023-12-12T12:30:53Z",
  "published": "2023-12-12T12:30:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47374"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-892915.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CR4V-6M54-7VH3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-15 21:31 – Updated: 2024-08-20 21:30
VLAI
Details

In Xpdf 4.05 (and earlier), a PDF object loop in a pattern resource leads to infinite recursion and a stack overflow.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
2.1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-7866"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-15T20:15:18Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "In Xpdf 4.05 (and earlier), a PDF object loop in a pattern resource leads to infinite recursion and a stack overflow.",
  "id": "GHSA-cr4v-6m54-7vh3",
  "modified": "2024-08-20T21:30:32Z",
  "published": "2024-08-15T21:31:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7866"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.xpdfreader.com/security-bug/object-loops.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CRMJ-QH74-2R36

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-17 17:13 – Updated: 2024-10-23 17:40
VLAI
Summary
Exiv2 has a denial of service due to unbounded recursion in QuickTimeVideo::multipleEntriesDecoder
Details

Impact

A denial-of-service was found in Exiv2 version v0.28.1: an unbounded recursion can cause Exiv2 to crash by exhausting the stack. The vulnerable function, QuickTimeVideo::multipleEntriesDecoder, was new in v0.28.0 (see https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/pull/2337), so Exiv2 versions before v0.28 are not affected. Exiv2 is a command-line utility and C++ library for reading, writing, deleting, and modifying the metadata of image files. The denial-of-service is triggered when Exiv2 is used to read the metadata of a crafted video file.

Patches

The bug is fixed in version v0.28.2.

For more information

Please see our security policy for information about Exiv2 security.

Credit

This bug was found by OSS-Fuzz.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "exiv2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.16.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.16.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-25112"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-17T17:13:24Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-12T23:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nA denial-of-service was found in Exiv2 version v0.28.1: an unbounded recursion can cause Exiv2 to crash by exhausting the stack. The vulnerable function, `QuickTimeVideo::multipleEntriesDecoder`, was new in v0.28.0 (see https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/pull/2337), so Exiv2 versions before v0.28 are _not_ affected.  Exiv2 is a command-line utility and C++ library for reading, writing, deleting, and modifying the metadata of image files. The denial-of-service is triggered when Exiv2 is used to read the metadata of a crafted video file.\n\n### Patches\nThe bug is fixed in version v0.28.2.\n\n### For more information\nPlease see our [security policy](https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/security/policy) for information about Exiv2 security.\n\n### Credit\nThis bug was found by [OSS-Fuzz](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz).",
  "id": "GHSA-crmj-qh74-2r36",
  "modified": "2024-10-23T17:40:19Z",
  "published": "2024-10-17T17:13:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/security/advisories/GHSA-crmj-qh74-2r36"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25112"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/pull/2337"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/exiv2/PYSEC-2024-107.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Exiv2  has a denial of service due to unbounded recursion in QuickTimeVideo::multipleEntriesDecoder"
}

GHSA-CV2G-M8RR-888C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-09-02 15:33
VLAI
Summary
Duplicate Advisory: Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) has unbounded recursion in JSONTaggedDecoder.decode_obj() may cause DoS
Details

Duplicate Advisory

This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-rf74-v2fm-23pw. This link is maintained to preserve external references.

Original Description

NLTK versions before 3.9.4 contain an unbounded recursion vulnerability in JSONTaggedDecoder.decode_obj() that allows attackers to cause denial of service by supplying deeply nested JSON structures. Attackers can craft JSON payloads exceeding the recursion limit to trigger an unhandled RecursionError that crashes the Python process.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "nltk"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "3.9.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-02T15:33:17Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-22T15:16:19Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of\u00a0GHSA-rf74-v2fm-23pw. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nNLTK versions before 3.9.4 contain an unbounded recursion vulnerability in JSONTaggedDecoder.decode_obj() that allows attackers to cause denial of service by supplying deeply nested JSON structures. Attackers can craft JSON payloads exceeding the recursion limit to trigger an unhandled RecursionError that crashes the Python process.",
  "id": "GHSA-cv2g-m8rr-888c",
  "modified": "2026-09-02T15:33:17Z",
  "published": "2026-08-22T15:31:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/GHSA-rf74-v2fm-23pw"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-66393"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nltk/nltk"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-before-denial-of-service-via-jsontaggeddecoder"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) has unbounded recursion in JSONTaggedDecoder.decode_obj() may cause DoS",
  "withdrawn": "2026-09-02T15:33:17Z"
}

GHSA-CVR6-37GX-V8WC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-25 19:38 – Updated: 2024-03-25 22:32
VLAI
Summary
KaTeX's maxExpand bypassed by Unicode sub/superscripts
Details

Impact

KaTeX users who render untrusted mathematical expressions could encounter malicious input using \def or \newcommand that causes a near-infinite loop, despite setting maxExpand to avoid such loops. This can be used as an availability attack, where e.g. a client rendering another user's KaTeX input will be unable to use the site due to memory overflow, tying up the main thread, or stack overflow.

Patches

Upgrade to KaTeX v0.16.10 to remove this vulnerability.

Workarounds

Forbid inputs containing any of the characters ₊₋₌₍₎₀₁₂₃₄₅₆₇₈₉ₐₑₕᵢⱼₖₗₘₙₒₚᵣₛₜᵤᵥₓᵦᵧᵨᵩᵪ⁺⁻⁼⁽⁾⁰¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹ᵃᵇᶜᵈᵉᵍʰⁱʲᵏˡᵐⁿᵒᵖʳˢᵗᵘʷˣʸᶻᵛᵝᵞᵟᵠᵡ before passing them to KaTeX. (There is no easy workaround for the auto-render extension.)

Details

KaTeX supports an option named maxExpand which aims to prevent infinitely recursive macros from consuming all available memory and/or triggering a stack overflow error. Unfortunately, support for "Unicode (sub|super)script characters" allows an attacker to bypass this limit. Each sub/superscript group instantiated a separate Parser with its own limit on macro executions, without inheriting the current count of macro executions from its parent. This has been corrected in KaTeX v0.16.10.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue or security advisory in the KaTeX repository * Email us at katex-security@mit.edu

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "katex"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.15.4"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.16.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-28244"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-606",
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-03-25T19:38:29Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-25T20:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nKaTeX users who render untrusted mathematical expressions could encounter malicious input using `\\def` or `\\newcommand` that causes a near-infinite loop, despite setting `maxExpand` to avoid such loops. This can be used as an availability attack, where e.g. a client rendering another user\u0027s KaTeX input will be unable to use the site due to memory overflow, tying up the main thread, or stack overflow.\n\n### Patches\nUpgrade to KaTeX v0.16.10 to remove this vulnerability.\n\n### Workarounds\nForbid inputs containing any of the characters `\u208a\u208b\u208c\u208d\u208e\u2080\u2081\u2082\u2083\u2084\u2085\u2086\u2087\u2088\u2089\u2090\u2091\u2095\u1d62\u2c7c\u2096\u2097\u2098\u2099\u2092\u209a\u1d63\u209b\u209c\u1d64\u1d65\u2093\u1d66\u1d67\u1d68\u1d69\u1d6a\u207a\u207b\u207c\u207d\u207e\u2070\u00b9\u00b2\u00b3\u2074\u2075\u2076\u2077\u2078\u2079\u1d43\u1d47\u1d9c\u1d48\u1d49\u1d4d\u02b0\u2071\u02b2\u1d4f\u02e1\u1d50\u207f\u1d52\u1d56\u02b3\u02e2\u1d57\u1d58\u02b7\u02e3\u02b8\u1dbb\u1d5b\u1d5d\u1d5e\u1d5f\u1d60\u1d61` before passing them to KaTeX.\n(There is no easy workaround for the auto-render extension.)\n\n### Details\nKaTeX supports an option named `maxExpand` which aims to prevent infinitely recursive macros from consuming all available memory and/or triggering a stack overflow error. Unfortunately, [support for \"Unicode (sub|super)script characters\"](https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/commit/d8fc35e6a97f8e561c723b93ad275cf5a7f3094a) allows an attacker to bypass this limit. Each sub/superscript group instantiated a separate Parser with its own limit on macro executions, without inheriting the current count of macro executions from its parent. This has been corrected in KaTeX v0.16.10.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue or security advisory in the [KaTeX repository](https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/)\n* Email us at [katex-security@mit.edu](mailto:katex-security@mit.edu)",
  "id": "GHSA-cvr6-37gx-v8wc",
  "modified": "2024-03-25T22:32:01Z",
  "published": "2024-03-25T19:38:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/security/advisories/GHSA-cvr6-37gx-v8wc"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28244"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/commit/085e21b5da05414efefa932570e7201a7c70e5b2"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "KaTeX\u0027s maxExpand bypassed by Unicode sub/superscripts"
}

GHSA-CVVQ-777C-65V4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:47 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:47
VLAI
Details

libyara/re.c in the regexp module in YARA 3.5.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (stack consumption) via a crafted rule that is mishandled in the _yr_re_emit function.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-9304"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-05-31T04:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "libyara/re.c in the regexp module in YARA 3.5.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (stack consumption) via a crafted rule that is mishandled in the _yr_re_emit function.",
  "id": "GHSA-cvvq-777c-65v4",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:47:53Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:47:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9304"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/VirusTotal/yara/issues/674"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/VirusTotal/yara/commit/925bcf3c3b0a28b5b78e25d9efda5c0bf27ae699"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that an end condition will be reached under all logic conditions. The end condition may include checking against the depth of recursion and exiting with an error if the recursion goes too deep. The complexity of the end condition contributes to the effectiveness of this action.

Mitigation
Implementation

Increase the stack size.

CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads

Applications often need to transform data in and out of a data format (e.g., XML and YAML) by using a parser. It may be possible for an adversary to inject data that may have an adverse effect on the parser when it is being processed. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. By nesting these structures, causing the data to be repeatedly substituted, an adversary can cause the parser to consume more resources while processing, causing excessive memory consumption and CPU utilization.

CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads

An adversary injects oversized serialized data payloads into a parser during data processing to produce adverse effects upon the parser such as exhausting system resources and arbitrary code execution.

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