CWE-506
Allowed-with-ReviewEmbedded Malicious Code
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product contains code that appears to be malicious in nature.
548 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5X7P-GM79-383M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-01 21:11 – Updated: 2021-10-01 13:28All versions of regenraotr are considered malicious. The package is malware designed to take advantage of users making a mistake when typing the name of a module to install. When executed, the package calls home to a Command and Control server to execute arbitrary commands.
Recommendation
This package was published to the npm Registry for a very short period of time. If you happen to find it in your environment you should revoke and rotate all credentials found on the compromised machine, as well as completely erase the affected machine and reinstall your Operating System.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "regenraotr"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-506"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:32:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "All versions of `regenraotr` are considered malicious. The package is malware designed to take advantage of users making a mistake when typing the name of a module to install. When executed, the package calls home to a Command and Control server to execute arbitrary commands.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nThis package was published to the npm Registry for a very short period of time. If you happen to find it in your environment you should revoke and rotate all credentials found on the compromised machine, as well as completely erase the affected machine and reinstall your Operating System.",
"id": "GHSA-5x7p-gm79-383m",
"modified": "2021-10-01T13:28:51Z",
"published": "2020-09-01T21:11:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/684"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Malicious Package in regenraotr"
}
GHSA-5X8Q-GJ67-RHF2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-02 21:18 – Updated: 2021-09-30 21:23All versions of discord_debug_log contain obfuscated malware that uploads Discord user tokens to a remote server. This allows attackers to make purchases on behalf of users if they have credit cards linked to their Discord accounts.
Recommendation
Remove the package from your environment. Review your Discord account access and rotate tokens if possible. If a credit card was linked to a compromised account contact your credit card company.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "discord_debug_log"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-506"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:38:59Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "All versions of `discord_debug_log` contain obfuscated malware that uploads Discord user tokens to a remote server. This allows attackers to make purchases on behalf of users if they have credit cards linked to their Discord accounts.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nRemove the package from your environment. Review your Discord account access and rotate tokens if possible. If a credit card was linked to a compromised account contact your credit card company.",
"id": "GHSA-5x8q-gj67-rhf2",
"modified": "2021-09-30T21:23:24Z",
"published": "2020-09-02T21:18:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/873"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Malicious Package in discord_debug_log"
}
GHSA-629C-J867-3V45
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-04 16:41 – Updated: 2021-10-01 20:43All versions of this package contained malware. The package was designed to find and exfiltrate cryptocurrency wallets.
Recommendation
Any computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.
The package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "bitcoisnj-lib"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-506"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:56:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "All versions of this package contained malware. The package was designed to find and exfiltrate cryptocurrency wallets.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nAny computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.\n\nThe package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.",
"id": "GHSA-629c-j867-3v45",
"modified": "2021-10-01T20:43:02Z",
"published": "2020-09-04T16:41:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1367"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Malicious Package in bitcoisnj-lib"
}
GHSA-62GJ-G63V-87H7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-15 03:30 – Updated: 2025-10-15 03:30VestaCP commit a3f0fa1 (2018-05-31) up to commit ee03eff (2018-06-13) contain embedded malicious code that resulted in a supply-chain compromise. New installations created from the compromised installer since at least May 2018 were subject to installation of Linux/ChachaDDoS, a multi-stage DDoS bot that uses Lua for second- and third-stage components. The compromise leaked administrative credentials (base64-encoded admin password and server domain) to an external URL during installation and/or resulted in the installer dropping and executing a DDoS malware payload under local system privileges. Compromised servers were subsequently observed participating in large-scale DDoS activity. Vesta acknowledged exploitation in the wild in October 2018.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-25117"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-506"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-15T02:15:31Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "VestaCP commit a3f0fa1 (2018-05-31) up to commit ee03eff (2018-06-13) contain embedded malicious code that resulted in a supply-chain compromise. New installations created from the compromised installer since at least May 2018 were subject to installation of Linux/ChachaDDoS, a multi-stage DDoS bot that uses Lua for second- and third-stage components. The compromise leaked administrative credentials (base64-encoded admin password and server domain) to an external URL during installation and/or resulted in the installer dropping and executing a DDoS malware payload under local system privileges. Compromised servers were subsequently observed participating in large-scale DDoS activity. Vesta acknowledged exploitation in the wild in October 2018.",
"id": "GHSA-62gj-g63v-87h7",
"modified": "2025-10-15T03:30:40Z",
"published": "2025-10-15T03:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-25117"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/outroll/vesta/commit/a3f0fa1501d424477786e3e7150bb05c0b99518f#diff-df8da0c91e9086454c60cd468849630dR1256"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/outroll/vesta/commit/ee03eff016e03cb76fac7ae3a0f9d1ef0f8ee35b#diff-df8da0c91e9086454c60cd468849630dL1270"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forum.vestacp.com/viewtopic.php?f=10\u0026t=17641\u0026p=73282"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forum.vestacp.com/viewtopic.php?f=10\u0026t=17641\u0026start=180#p73907"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/outroll/vesta"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vestacp.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vestacp-debian-installer-malicious-backdoor-supply-chain-compromise"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/18/new-linux-chachaddos-malware-distributed-servers-vestacp-installed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6343-M2QR-66GF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 23:10 – Updated: 2021-09-30 17:14Version 0.8.0 contained malicious code. The package targeted the Ethereum cryptocurrency and performed transactions to wallets not controlled by the user.
Recommendation
Remove the package from your environment. Ensure no Ethereum funds were compromised.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "js-sja3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-506"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:54:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Version 0.8.0 contained malicious code. The package targeted the Ethereum cryptocurrency and performed transactions to wallets not controlled by the user.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nRemove the package from your environment. Ensure no Ethereum funds were compromised.",
"id": "GHSA-6343-m2qr-66gf",
"modified": "2021-09-30T17:14:57Z",
"published": "2020-09-03T23:10:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1291"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Malicious Package in js-sja3"
}
GHSA-646X-M363-9RH4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-10-03 20:27 – Updated: 2023-09-12 18:41The node-opensl package is a piece of malware that steals environment variables and sends them to attacker controlled locations.
All versions have been unpublished from the npm registry.
Recommendation
As this package is malware, if you find it installed in your environment, the real security concern is determining how it got there.
If you have found this installed in your environment, you should: 1. Delete the package 2. Clear your npm cache 3. Ensure it is not present in any other package.json files on your system 4. Regenerate your registry credentials, tokens, and any other sensitive credentials that may have been present in your environment variables.
Additionally, any service which may have been exposed via credentials in your environment variables, such as a database, should be reviewed for indicators of compromise as well.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "node-opensl"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16063"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-506"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:17:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The `node-opensl` package is a piece of malware that steals environment variables and sends them to attacker controlled locations. \n\nAll versions have been unpublished from the npm registry.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\n\nAs this package is malware, if you find it installed in your environment, the real security concern is determining how it got there. \n\nIf you have found this installed in your environment, you should:\n1. Delete the package\n2. Clear your npm cache\n3. Ensure it is not present in any other package.json files on your system\n4. Regenerate your registry credentials, tokens, and any other sensitive credentials that may have been present in your environment variables. \n\nAdditionally, any service which may have been exposed via credentials in your environment variables, such as a database, should be reviewed for indicators of compromise as well.",
"id": "GHSA-646x-m363-9rh4",
"modified": "2023-09-12T18:41:03Z",
"published": "2018-10-03T20:27:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16063"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-646x-m363-9rh4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/502"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "node-opensl is malware"
}
GHSA-657V-JJF8-83GH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 23:14 – Updated: 2021-10-01 14:37Version 0.8.0 contained malicious code. The package targeted the Ethereum cryptocurrency and performed transactions to wallets not controlled by the user.
Recommendation
Remove the package from your environment. Ensure no Ethereum funds were compromised.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "jsmsha3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-506"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:54:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Version 0.8.0 contained malicious code. The package targeted the Ethereum cryptocurrency and performed transactions to wallets not controlled by the user.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nRemove the package from your environment. Ensure no Ethereum funds were compromised.",
"id": "GHSA-657v-jjf8-83gh",
"modified": "2021-10-01T14:37:41Z",
"published": "2020-09-03T23:14:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1295"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Malicious Package in jsmsha3"
}
GHSA-6584-GFWM-3VC3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 21:43 – Updated: 2021-09-29 20:54Version 2.0.2 contained malicious code. The package targeted the Ethereum cryptocurrency and performed transactions to wallets not controlled by the user.
Recommendation
Remove the package from your environment. Ensure no Ethereum funds were compromised.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "budfer-xor"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-506"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:51:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Version 2.0.2 contained malicious code. The package targeted the Ethereum cryptocurrency and performed transactions to wallets not controlled by the user.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nRemove the package from your environment. Ensure no Ethereum funds were compromised.",
"id": "GHSA-6584-gfwm-3vc3",
"modified": "2021-09-29T20:54:03Z",
"published": "2020-09-03T21:43:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1233"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Malicious Package in budfer-xor"
}
GHSA-658G-P7JG-WX5G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-02 18:34 – Updated: 2026-04-06 23:41Impact
This is a supply chain attack involving compromised versions of the axios npm package, which introduced a hidden dependency deploying a cross-platform Remote Access Trojan (RAT).
Users of @usebruno/cli who ran npm install between 00:21 UTC and ~03:30 UTC on March 31, 2026 may have been impacted.
Potential impact includes:
- Execution of a malicious
postinstallscript - Remote Access Trojan (RAT) installation
- Exfiltration of credentials and sensitive data
Not impacted:
- Bruno desktop app users
- Users who installed outside the attack window
Patches
The compromised axios versions (1.14.1, 0.30.4) have been removed from npm, and new installations will now resolve to safe versions.
Additionally, Bruno has taken further hardening steps:
- Pinned
axiosto a known safe version to prevent accidental resolution to malicious releases - Fix implemented in: https://github.com/usebruno/bruno/pull/7632
Recommendation
If users installed @usebruno/cli during the affected window: 1. Reinstall dependencies 2. Rotate all credentials and secrets:
For additional guidance on securing your system, refer to this article: https://www.aikido.dev/blog/axios-npm-compromised-maintainer-hijacked-rat
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 3.2.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@usebruno/cli"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-34841"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1395",
"CWE-494",
"CWE-506"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-02T18:34:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-06T17:17:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### **Impact**\n\nThis is a **supply chain attack** involving compromised versions of the `axios` npm package, which introduced a hidden dependency deploying a cross-platform Remote Access Trojan (RAT).\n\nUsers of **@usebruno/cli** who ran `npm install` between **00:21 UTC and ~03:30 UTC on March 31, 2026** may have been impacted.\n\nPotential impact includes:\n\n* Execution of a malicious `postinstall` script\n* Remote Access Trojan (RAT) installation\n* Exfiltration of credentials and sensitive data\n\n**Not impacted:**\n\n* Bruno desktop app users\n* Users who installed outside the attack window\n\n\n### **Patches**\n\nThe compromised `axios` versions (`1.14.1`, `0.30.4`) have been **removed from npm**, and new installations will now resolve to safe versions.\n\nAdditionally, Bruno has taken further hardening steps:\n\n* Pinned `axios` to a known safe version to prevent accidental resolution to malicious releases\n* Fix implemented in: [https://github.com/usebruno/bruno/pull/7632](https://github.com/usebruno/bruno/pull/7632)\n\n\n### **Recommendation**\n\nIf users installed **@usebruno/cli** during the affected window:\n1. Reinstall dependencies\n2. Rotate all credentials and secrets:\n\nFor additional guidance on securing your system, refer to this article:\nhttps://www.aikido.dev/blog/axios-npm-compromised-maintainer-hijacked-rat",
"id": "GHSA-658g-p7jg-wx5g",
"modified": "2026-04-06T23:41:01Z",
"published": "2026-04-02T18:34:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/usebruno/bruno/security/advisories/GHSA-658g-p7jg-wx5g"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34841"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/10604"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/usebruno/bruno/pull/7632"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-fw8c-xr5c-95f9"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/usebruno/bruno"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.aikido.dev/blog/axios-npm-compromised-maintainer-hijacked-rat"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Axios npm Supply Chain Incident Impacting @usebruno/cli"
}
GHSA-65J7-66P7-9XGF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-02 21:51 – Updated: 2021-09-30 21:59Version 1.2.2 of font-scrubber contains malicious code as a postinstall script. The package attempts to upload sensitive files from the system to a remote server. The files include configuration files, command history logs, SSH keys and /etc/passwd.
Recommendation
Any computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.
The package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "font-scrubber"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-506"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:40:34Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Version 1.2.2 of `font-scrubber` contains malicious code as a postinstall script. The package attempts to upload sensitive files from the system to a remote server. The files include configuration files, command history logs, SSH keys and /etc/passwd.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nAny computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.\n\nThe package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.",
"id": "GHSA-65j7-66p7-9xgf",
"modified": "2021-09-30T21:59:50Z",
"published": "2020-09-02T21:51:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/919"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Malicious Package in font-scrubber"
}
Mitigation
Remove the malicious code and start an effort to ensure that no more malicious code exists. This may require a detailed review of all code, as it is possible to hide a serious attack in only one or two lines of code. These lines may be located almost anywhere in an application and may have been intentionally obfuscated by the attacker.
CAPEC-442: Infected Software
An adversary adds malicious logic, often in the form of a computer virus, to otherwise benign software. This logic is often hidden from the user of the software and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. Many times, the malicious logic is inserted into empty space between legitimate code, and is then called when the software is executed. This pattern of attack focuses on software already fielded and used in operation as opposed to software that is still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-448: Embed Virus into DLL
An adversary tampers with a DLL and embeds a computer virus into gaps between legitimate machine instructions. These gaps may be the result of compiler optimizations that pad memory blocks for performance gains. The embedded virus then attempts to infect any machine which interfaces with the product, and possibly steal private data or eavesdrop.
CAPEC-636: Hiding Malicious Data or Code within Files
Files on various operating systems can have a complex format which allows for the storage of other data, in addition to its contents. Often this is metadata about the file, such as a cached thumbnail for an image file. Unless utilities are invoked in a particular way, this data is not visible during the normal use of the file. It is possible for an attacker to store malicious data or code using these facilities, which would be difficult to discover.