Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-497

Allowed

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product does not properly prevent sensitive system-level information from being accessed by unauthorized actors who do not have the same level of access to the underlying system as the product does.

669 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-VPW2-WGM3-FPG3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-22 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-28 18:30
VLAI
Details

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in ThemeHunk Contact Form & Lead Form Elementor Builder lead-form-builder allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Contact Form & Lead Form Elementor Builder: from n/a through <= 2.0.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-68046"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T17:16:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in ThemeHunk Contact Form \u0026 Lead Form Elementor Builder lead-form-builder allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Contact Form \u0026 Lead Form Elementor Builder: from n/a through \u003c= 2.0.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-vpw2-wgm3-fpg3",
  "modified": "2026-01-28T18:30:42Z",
  "published": "2026-01-22T18:30:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68046"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/lead-form-builder/vulnerability/wordpress-contact-form-lead-form-elementor-builder-plugin-2-0-1-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VQ45-V67F-G42P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-17 18:31 – Updated: 2025-01-17 18:31
VLAI
Details

A valid set of credentials in a .js file and a static token for communication were obtained from the decompiled IPA. An attacker could use the information to disrupt normal use of the application by changing the translation files and thus weaken the integrity of normal use.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-53683"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-17T17:15:12Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A valid set of credentials in a .js file and a static token for \ncommunication were obtained from the decompiled IPA. An attacker could \nuse the information to disrupt normal use of the application by changing\n the translation files and thus weaken the integrity of normal use.",
  "id": "GHSA-vq45-v67f-g42p",
  "modified": "2025-01-17T18:31:14Z",
  "published": "2025-01-17T18:31:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53683"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-medical-advisories/icsma-24-354-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VRFF-9QRR-6VQR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-14 03:31 – Updated: 2025-01-14 03:31
VLAI
Details

Applications based on SAP GUI for HTML in SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP store user input in the local browser storage to improve usability. An attacker with administrative privileges or access to the victim�s user directory on the Operating System level would be able to read this data. Depending on the user input provided in transactions, the disclosed data could range from non-critical data to highly sensitive data, causing high impact on confidentiality of the application.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-0059"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-14T01:15:16Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Applications based on SAP GUI for HTML in SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP store user input in the local browser storage to improve usability. An attacker with administrative privileges or access to the victim\ufffds user directory on the Operating System level would be able to read this data. Depending on the user input provided in transactions, the disclosed data could range from non-critical data to highly sensitive data, causing high impact on confidentiality of the application.",
  "id": "GHSA-vrff-9qrr-6vqr",
  "modified": "2025-01-14T03:31:41Z",
  "published": "2025-01-14T03:31:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0059"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3503138"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VVRW-WRHF-4QP9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-19 21:30 – Updated: 2025-03-27 21:31
VLAI
Details

tine before 2023.11.8, when an LDAP backend is used, allows anonymous remote attackers to obtain sensitive authentication information via setup.php because of getRegistryData in Setup/Frontend/Json.php. (An update is also available for the 2022.11 series.)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-36070"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-19T19:15:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "tine before 2023.11.8, when an LDAP backend is used, allows anonymous remote attackers to obtain sensitive authentication information via setup.php because of getRegistryData in Setup/Frontend/Json.php. (An update is also available for the 2022.11 series.)",
  "id": "GHSA-vvrw-wrhf-4qp9",
  "modified": "2025-03-27T21:31:14Z",
  "published": "2024-05-19T21:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36070"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/tine-groupware/tine/commit/5d556a1225aa358cbf7cfbeae518c9386b46f516"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/tine-groupware/tine/releases/tag/2023.11.8"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-W33V-4593-FJ4H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:01 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:01
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the cluster management interface of Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to view sensitive information on an affected system. To be affected by this vulnerability, the Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software must be in cluster mode. This vulnerability is due to the absence of authentication for sensitive information in the cluster management interface. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the cluster management interface of an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to allow the attacker to view sensitive information on the affected system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-1535"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-06T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the cluster management interface of Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to view sensitive information on an affected system. To be affected by this vulnerability, the Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software must be in cluster mode. This vulnerability is due to the absence of authentication for sensitive information in the cluster management interface. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the cluster management interface of an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to allow the attacker to view sensitive information on the affected system.",
  "id": "GHSA-w33v-4593-fj4h",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:01:33Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:01:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1535"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-sdwan-vmanageinfdis-LKrFpbv"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-W37M-7FHW-FMV9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-11 22:49 – Updated: 2025-12-11 22:49
VLAI
Summary
Next Server Actions Source Code Exposure
Details

A vulnerability affects certain React packages for versions 19.0.0, 19.0.1, 19.1.0, 19.1.1, 19.1.2, 19.2.0, and 19.2.1 and frameworks that use the affected packages, including Next.js 15.x and 16.x using the App Router. The issue is tracked upstream as CVE-2025-55183.

A malicious HTTP request can be crafted and sent to any App Router endpoint that can return the compiled source code of Server Functions. This could reveal business logic, but would not expose secrets unless they were hardcoded directly into Server Function code.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "15.0.0-canary.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "15.0.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "15.1.1-canary.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "15.1.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "15.2.0-canary.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "15.2.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "15.3.0-canary.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "15.3.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "15.4.0-canary.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "15.4.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "15.5.1-canary.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "15.5.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "15.6.0-canary.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "15.6.0-canary.59"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "16.0.0-beta.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "16.0.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "16.1.0-canary.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "16.1.0-canary.17"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1395",
      "CWE-497",
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-11T22:49:56Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability affects certain React packages for versions 19.0.0, 19.0.1, 19.1.0, 19.1.1, 19.1.2, 19.2.0, and 19.2.1 and frameworks that use the affected packages, including Next.js 15.x and 16.x using the App Router. The issue is tracked upstream as [CVE-2025-55183](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-55183).\n\nA malicious HTTP request can be crafted and sent to any App Router endpoint that can return the compiled source code of [Server Functions](https://react.dev/reference/rsc/server-functions). This could reveal business logic, but would not expose secrets unless they were hardcoded directly into [Server Function](https://react.dev/reference/rsc/server-functions) code.",
  "id": "GHSA-w37m-7fhw-fmv9",
  "modified": "2025-12-11T22:49:56Z",
  "published": "2025-12-11T22:49:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-w37m-7fhw-fmv9"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nextjs.org/blog/security-update-2025-12-11"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-55183"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Next Server Actions Source Code Exposure "
}

GHSA-W553-92JC-9XP5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-28 00:32 – Updated: 2025-01-28 00:32
VLAI
Details

IBM Watson Query on Cloud Pak for Data (IBM Data Virtualization 1.8, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, and 3.0.0) could allow an authenticated user to obtain sensitive information from objects published using Watson Query due to an improper data protection mechanism.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-37526"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-27T22:15:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Watson Query on Cloud Pak for Data (IBM Data Virtualization\u00a01.8, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, and 3.0.0) could allow an authenticated user to obtain sensitive information from objects published using Watson Query due to an improper data protection mechanism.",
  "id": "GHSA-w553-92jc-9xp5",
  "modified": "2025-01-28T00:32:13Z",
  "published": "2025-01-28T00:32:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37526"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7173774"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-W59G-5675-PP8H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-17 15:36
VLAI
Details

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in xtemos WoodMart woodmart allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects WoodMart: from n/a through <= 8.3.9.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32405"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-13T19:54:56Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in xtemos WoodMart woodmart allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects WoodMart: from n/a through \u003c= 8.3.9.",
  "id": "GHSA-w59g-5675-pp8h",
  "modified": "2026-03-17T15:36:19Z",
  "published": "2026-03-13T21:31:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32405"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/woodmart/vulnerability/wordpress-woodmart-theme-8-3-9-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-W5VR-6QHR-36CC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-14 21:10 – Updated: 2025-07-28 15:53
VLAI
Summary
`ed25519-dalek` Double Public Key Signing Function Oracle Attack
Details

Versions of ed25519-dalek prior to v2.0 model private and public keys as separate types which can be assembled into a Keypair, and also provide APIs for serializing and deserializing 64-byte private/public keypairs.

Such APIs and serializations are inherently unsafe as the public key is one of the inputs used in the deterministic computation of the S part of the signature, but not in the R value. An adversary could somehow use the signing function as an oracle that allows arbitrary public keys as input can obtain two signatures for the same message sharing the same R and only differ on the S part.

Unfortunately, when this happens, one can easily extract the private key.

Revised public APIs in v2.0 of ed25519-dalek do NOT allow a decoupled private/public keypair as signing input, except as part of specially labeled "hazmat" APIs which are clearly labeled as being dangerous if misused.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "ed25519-dalek"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-50237"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-14T21:10:29Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Versions of `ed25519-dalek` prior to v2.0 model private and public keys as separate types which can be assembled into a `Keypair`, and also provide APIs for serializing and deserializing 64-byte private/public keypairs.\n\nSuch APIs and serializations are inherently unsafe as the public key is one of the inputs used in the deterministic computation of the `S` part of the signature, but not in the `R` value. An adversary could somehow use the signing function as an oracle that allows arbitrary public keys as input can obtain two signatures for the same message sharing the same `R` and only differ on the `S` part.\n\nUnfortunately, when this happens, one can easily extract the private key.\n\nRevised public APIs in v2.0 of `ed25519-dalek` do NOT allow a decoupled private/public keypair as signing input, except as part of specially labeled \"hazmat\" APIs which are clearly labeled as being dangerous if misused.",
  "id": "GHSA-w5vr-6qhr-36cc",
  "modified": "2025-07-28T15:53:32Z",
  "published": "2023-08-14T21:10:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-50237"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MystenLabs/ed25519-unsafe-libs"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/dalek-cryptography/ed25519-dalek"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2022-0093.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "`ed25519-dalek` Double Public Key Signing Function Oracle Attack"
}

GHSA-W6CM-9C76-C988

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-02 00:01 – Updated: 2022-09-08 00:00
VLAI
Details

A credentials leak was found in the OpenShift Container Platform. The private key for the external cluster certificate was stored incorrectly in the oauth-serving-cert ConfigMaps, and accessible to any authenticated OpenShift user or service-account. A malicious user could exploit this flaw by reading the oauth-serving-cert ConfigMap in the openshift-config-managed namespace, compromising any web traffic secured using that certificate.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-2403"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497",
      "CWE-668"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-01T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A credentials leak was found in the OpenShift Container Platform. The private key for the external cluster certificate was stored incorrectly in the oauth-serving-cert ConfigMaps, and accessible to any authenticated OpenShift user or service-account. A malicious user could exploit this flaw by reading the oauth-serving-cert ConfigMap in the openshift-config-managed namespace, compromising any web traffic secured using that certificate.",
  "id": "GHSA-w6cm-9c76-c988",
  "modified": "2022-09-08T00:00:29Z",
  "published": "2022-09-02T00:01:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2403"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2022:5664"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2022:5879"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-2403"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2101959"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Production applications should never use methods that generate internal details such as stack traces and error messages unless that information is directly committed to a log that is not viewable by the end user. All error message text should be HTML entity encoded before being written to the log file to protect against potential cross-site scripting attacks against the viewer of the logs

CAPEC-170: Web Application Fingerprinting

An attacker sends a series of probes to a web application in order to elicit version-dependent and type-dependent behavior that assists in identifying the target. An attacker could learn information such as software versions, error pages, and response headers, variations in implementations of the HTTP protocol, directory structures, and other similar information about the targeted service. This information can then be used by an attacker to formulate a targeted attack plan. While web application fingerprinting is not intended to be damaging (although certain activities, such as network scans, can sometimes cause disruptions to vulnerable applications inadvertently) it may often pave the way for more damaging attacks.

CAPEC-694: System Location Discovery

An adversary collects information about the target system in an attempt to identify the system's geographical location.

Information gathered could include keyboard layout, system language, and timezone. This information may benefit an adversary in confirming the desired target and/or tailoring further attacks.