Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-426

Allowed-with-Review

Untrusted Search Path

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

The product searches for critical resources using an externally-supplied search path that can point to resources that are not under the product's direct control.

892 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-QFV4-QC4H-W74R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-04 15:30 – Updated: 2023-04-11 21:31
VLAI
Details

An issue found in Wondershare Technology Co.,Ltd Recoverit v.10.6.3 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands via the recoverit_setup_full4134.exe file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-27765"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-426"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-04T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue found in Wondershare Technology Co.,Ltd Recoverit v.10.6.3 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands via the recoverit_setup_full4134.exe file.",
  "id": "GHSA-qfv4-qc4h-w74r",
  "modified": "2023-04-11T21:31:09Z",
  "published": "2023-04-04T15:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27765"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/liong007/Wondershare/issues/7"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QG6F-RXJ2-2QRG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:33 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:33
VLAI
Details

Untrusted search path vulnerability in the installer of UNLHA32.DLL (UNLHA32.DLL for Win32 Ver 2.67.1.2 and earlier) allows an attacker to gain privileges via a Trojan horse DLL in an unspecified directory.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-5911"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-426"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-02-13T18:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Untrusted search path vulnerability in the installer of UNLHA32.DLL (UNLHA32.DLL for Win32 Ver 2.67.1.2 and earlier) allows an attacker to gain privileges via a Trojan horse DLL in an unspecified directory.",
  "id": "GHSA-qg6f-rxj2-2qrg",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:33:29Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:33:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5911"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN83826673/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://micco.mars.jp/vul/2017/mhsvi20170515_01.htm"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QGVR-5XP5-FFJW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:11 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:11
VLAI
Details

A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Visual Studio C++ Redistributable Installer improperly validates input before loading dynamic link library (DLL) files, aka 'Visual Studio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability'.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-0809"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-426"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-09T03:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Visual Studio C++ Redistributable Installer improperly validates input before loading dynamic link library (DLL) files, aka \u0027Visual Studio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\u0027.",
  "id": "GHSA-qgvr-5xp5-ffjw",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:11:04Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:11:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0809"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2019-0809"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QHRR-GRQP-6X2G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 19:50 – Updated: 2026-03-03 19:50
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw's tools.exec.safeBins trusted PATH directories allowed binary shadowing in allowlist mode
Details

Summary

In openclaw allowlist mode, tools.exec.safeBins trusted PATH-derived directories for safe-bin resolution. A same-name binary placed in a trusted PATH directory could satisfy safe-bin checks and execute.

Impact

This is an allowlist bypass in exec policy that can lead to command execution in the OpenClaw runtime context when allowlist mode relies on safe bins and an attacker can influence trusted binary locations.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Vulnerable versions: <= 2026.2.21-2
  • Patched versions: >= 2026.2.22 (planned next release)
  • Latest published npm version at triage time (2026-02-22): 2026.2.21-2

Root Cause

  • Safe-bin trust accepted PATH-derived directories instead of explicit trusted directories.
  • Safe-bin execution used shell command tokens that could resolve to shadowed binaries.

Remediation

  • Stop trusting PATH-derived directories for safe-bin trust.
  • Add explicit tools.exec.safeBinTrustedDirs for opt-in extra trusted paths.
  • Pin safe-bin shell execution to resolved absolute executable paths.

Fix Commit(s)

  • 64b273a71cf0b2f2419c974832cede1fc2158729

Release Process Note

patched_versions is pre-set to the planned next release (2026.2.22). After npm release, this advisory is ready for publish without additional field edits.

OpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.2.22"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-426"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T19:50:45Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nIn `openclaw` allowlist mode, `tools.exec.safeBins` trusted PATH-derived directories for safe-bin resolution. A same-name binary placed in a trusted PATH directory could satisfy safe-bin checks and execute.\n\n### Impact\nThis is an allowlist bypass in exec policy that can lead to command execution in the OpenClaw runtime context when allowlist mode relies on safe bins and an attacker can influence trusted binary locations.\n\n### Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Vulnerable versions: `\u003c= 2026.2.21-2`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.2.22` (planned next release)\n- Latest published npm version at triage time (2026-02-22): `2026.2.21-2`\n\n### Root Cause\n- Safe-bin trust accepted PATH-derived directories instead of explicit trusted directories.\n- Safe-bin execution used shell command tokens that could resolve to shadowed binaries.\n\n### Remediation\n- Stop trusting PATH-derived directories for safe-bin trust.\n- Add explicit `tools.exec.safeBinTrustedDirs` for opt-in extra trusted paths.\n- Pin safe-bin shell execution to resolved absolute executable paths.\n\n### Fix Commit(s)\n- `64b273a71cf0b2f2419c974832cede1fc2158729`\n\n### Release Process Note\n`patched_versions` is pre-set to the planned next release (`2026.2.22`). After npm release, this advisory is ready for publish without additional field edits.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-qhrr-grqp-6x2g",
  "modified": "2026-03-03T19:50:45Z",
  "published": "2026-03-03T19:50:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-qhrr-grqp-6x2g"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/64b273a71cf0b2f2419c974832cede1fc2158729"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw\u0027s tools.exec.safeBins trusted PATH directories allowed binary shadowing in allowlist mode"
}

GHSA-QMHR-QG6C-738P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:06 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:06
VLAI
Details

Untrusted search path vulnerability in the installer of PlayMemories Home for Windows ver.5.5.01 and earlier allows an attacker to gain privileges via a Trojan horse DLL in an unspecified directory.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-0600"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-426"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-06-26T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Untrusted search path vulnerability in the installer of PlayMemories Home for Windows ver.5.5.01 and earlier allows an attacker to gain privileges via a Trojan horse DLL in an unspecified directory.",
  "id": "GHSA-qmhr-qg6c-738p",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:06:58Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:06:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0600"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN13940333/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://support.d-imaging.sony.co.jp/www/disoft/int/download/playmemories-home/win/ja/index.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QMM3-WGJ2-H975

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:58 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:58
VLAI
Details

Untrusted search path vulnerability in the installer of Glarysoft Glary Utilities (Glary Utilities 5.99 and earlier and Glary Utilities Pro 5.99 and earlier) allows an attacker to gain privileges via a Trojan horse DLL in an unspecified directory.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-0619"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-426"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-07-26T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Untrusted search path vulnerability in the installer of Glarysoft Glary Utilities (Glary Utilities 5.99 and earlier and Glary Utilities Pro 5.99 and earlier) allows an attacker to gain privileges via a Trojan horse DLL in an unspecified directory.",
  "id": "GHSA-qmm3-wgj2-h975",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:58:51Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:58:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0619"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN84967039/index.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QMR2-J5M9-CQ3M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-26 21:31 – Updated: 2025-08-29 21:32
VLAI
Details

A DLL Hijacking caused by drive remapping combined with a poisoning of the activation cache in Microsoft Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2019, and Windows Server 2022 allows a malicious authenticated attacker to elevate from a medium integrity process to a high integrity process without the intervention of a UAC prompt.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-6769"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-426"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-26T21:15:07Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A DLL Hijacking caused by drive remapping combined with a poisoning of the activation cache in Microsoft Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2019, and Windows Server 2022 allows a malicious authenticated attacker to elevate from a medium integrity process to a high integrity process without the intervention of a UAC prompt.",
  "id": "GHSA-qmr2-j5m9-cq3m",
  "modified": "2025-08-29T21:32:01Z",
  "published": "2024-09-26T21:31:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6769"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fortra/CVE-2024-6769"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.fortra.com/security/advisories/research/fr-2024-002"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QP49-3PVW-X4M5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-03 00:00 – Updated: 2025-11-04 19:36
VLAI
Summary
sinatra does not validate expanded path matches
Details

Sinatra before 2.2.0 does not validate that the expanded path matches public_dir when serving static files.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "sinatra"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-29970"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-22",
      "CWE-426"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-05-03T20:59:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-02T05:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Sinatra before 2.2.0 does not validate that the expanded path matches public_dir when serving static files.",
  "id": "GHSA-qp49-3pvw-x4m5",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T19:36:42Z",
  "published": "2022-05-03T00:00:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29970"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/1683"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/1683/commits/462c3ca1db53ed3cfc394cf5948e9c948ad1c10e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/skylightio/skylight-ruby/pull/294"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/sinatra/CVE-2022-29970.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/10/msg00034.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/09/msg00020.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "sinatra does not validate expanded path matches"
}

GHSA-QP5J-JR73-M2PW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-16 21:31 – Updated: 2026-06-18 20:33
VLAI
Summary
Duplicate Advisory: Workspace .env npm_execpath could influence bundled runtime dependency install
Details

Duplicate Advisory

This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-24vr-rprv-67rf. This link is maintained to preserve external references.

Original Description

OpenClaw before 2026.4.29 contains a path traversal vulnerability in the install helper that allows workspace .env files to override the npm_execpath configuration used for bundled runtime dependency installation. Attackers with workspace access can execute unintended local package-manager executables during dependency setup to compromise the build environment.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 2026.4.29"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-426"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T20:33:45Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-16T19:17:01Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of\u00a0GHSA-24vr-rprv-67rf. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nOpenClaw before 2026.4.29 contains a path traversal vulnerability in the install helper that allows workspace .env files to override the npm_execpath configuration used for bundled runtime dependency installation. Attackers with workspace access can execute unintended local package-manager executables during dependency setup to compromise the build environment.",
  "id": "GHSA-qp5j-jr73-m2pw",
  "modified": "2026-06-18T20:33:45Z",
  "published": "2026-06-16T21:31:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-24vr-rprv-67rf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53846"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-arbitrary-package-manager-execution-via-workspace-env-npm-execpath"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Workspace .env npm_execpath could influence bundled runtime dependency install",
  "withdrawn": "2026-06-18T20:33:45Z"
}

GHSA-QPXX-2FWX-F5QJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-03 21:31 – Updated: 2025-12-27 18:30
VLAI
Details

Untrusted search path in auth_query connection handler in PgBouncer before 1.25.0 allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary SQL during authentication via a malicious search_path parameter in the StartupMessage.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12819"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-426"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-03T19:15:55Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Untrusted search path in auth_query connection handler in PgBouncer before 1.25.0 allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary SQL during authentication via a malicious search_path parameter in the StartupMessage.",
  "id": "GHSA-qpxx-2fwx-f5qj",
  "modified": "2025-12-27T18:30:23Z",
  "published": "2025-12-03T21:31:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12819"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/12/msg00033.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.pgbouncer.org/changelog.html#pgbouncer-124x"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.pgbouncer.org/changelog.html#pgbouncer-125x"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Hard-code the search path to a set of known-safe values (such as system directories), or only allow them to be specified by the administrator in a configuration file. Do not allow these settings to be modified by an external party. Be careful to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-426 and CWE-428.

Mitigation
Implementation

When invoking other programs, specify those programs using fully-qualified pathnames. While this is an effective approach, code that uses fully-qualified pathnames might not be portable to other systems that do not use the same pathnames. The portability can be improved by locating the full-qualified paths in a centralized, easily-modifiable location within the source code, and having the code refer to these paths.

Mitigation
Implementation

Remove or restrict all environment settings before invoking other programs. This includes the PATH environment variable, LD_LIBRARY_PATH, and other settings that identify the location of code libraries, and any application-specific search paths.

Mitigation
Implementation

Check your search path before use and remove any elements that are likely to be unsafe, such as the current working directory or a temporary files directory.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use other functions that require explicit paths. Making use of any of the other readily available functions that require explicit paths is a safe way to avoid this problem. For example, system() in C does not require a full path since the shell can take care of it, while execl() and execv() require a full path.

CAPEC-38: Leveraging/Manipulating Configuration File Search Paths

This pattern of attack sees an adversary load a malicious resource into a program's standard path so that when a known command is executed then the system instead executes the malicious component. The adversary can either modify the search path a program uses, like a PATH variable or classpath, or they can manipulate resources on the path to point to their malicious components. J2EE applications and other component based applications that are built from multiple binaries can have very long list of dependencies to execute. If one of these libraries and/or references is controllable by the attacker then application controls can be circumvented by the attacker.