CWE-362
Allowed-with-ReviewConcurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.
3267 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2X67-WQW2-R8C8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-17 12:31 – Updated: 2025-09-18 18:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
mptcp: fix data races on remote_id
Similar to the previous patch, address the data race on remote_id, adding the suitable ONCE annotations.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-27404"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-17T12:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmptcp: fix data races on remote_id\n\nSimilar to the previous patch, address the data race on\nremote_id, adding the suitable ONCE annotations.",
"id": "GHSA-2x67-wqw2-r8c8",
"modified": "2025-09-18T18:30:22Z",
"published": "2024-05-17T12:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27404"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2dba5774e8ed326a78ad4339d921a4291281ea6e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/967d3c27127e71a10ff5c083583a038606431b61"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/987c3ed7297e5661bc7f448f06fc366e497ac9b2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e64148635509bf13eea851986f5a0b150e5bd066"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2X8C-95VH-GFV4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-01 15:32 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:31A signal handler race condition was found in OpenSSH's server (sshd), where a client does not authenticate within LoginGraceTime seconds (120 by default, 600 in old OpenSSH versions), then sshd's SIGALRM handler is called asynchronously. However, this signal handler calls various functions that are not async-signal-safe, for example, syslog().
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-6387"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362",
"CWE-364"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-01T13:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A signal handler race condition was found in OpenSSH\u0027s server (sshd), where a client does not authenticate within LoginGraceTime seconds (120 by default, 600 in old OpenSSH versions), then sshd\u0027s SIGALRM handler is called asynchronously. However, this signal handler calls various functions that are not async-signal-safe, for example, syslog().",
"id": "GHSA-2x8c-95vh-gfv4",
"modified": "2026-05-12T12:31:59Z",
"published": "2024-07-01T15:32:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6387"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rapier1/hpn-ssh/issues/87"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oracle/oracle-linux/issues/149"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/microsoft/azurelinux/issues/9555"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH/issues/2249"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Azure/AKS/issues/4379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/AlmaLinux/updates/issues/629"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openela-main/openssh/commit/e1f438970e5a337a17070a637c1b9e19697cad09"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstorm.news/files/id/190587"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2024-0010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://santandersecurityresearch.github.io/blog/sshing_the_masses.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2024-6387"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240701-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sig-security.rocky.page/issues/CVE-2024-6387"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://stackdiary.com/openssh-race-condition-in-sshd-allows-remote-code-execution"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-6387"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-6859-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.akamai.com/blog/security-research/2024-openssh-vulnerability-regression-what-to-know-and-do"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arista.com/en/support/advisories-notices/security-advisory/19904-security-advisory-0100"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/52269"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-24:04.openssh.asc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualys.com/2024/07/01/cve-2024-6387/regresshion.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/cve-2024-6387-regresshion-vulnerability.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-6387.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.theregister.com/2024/07/01/regresshion_openssh"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/regresshion-an-openssh-regression-error-cve-2024-6387"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:4312"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:4340"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:4389"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:4469"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:4474"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:4479"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:4484"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-6387"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://archlinux.org/news/the-sshd-service-needs-to-be-restarted-after-upgrading-to-openssh-98p1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://arstechnica.com/security/2024/07/regresshion-vulnerability-in-openssh-gives-attackers-root-on-linux"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.qualys.com/vulnerabilities-threat-research/2024/07/01/regresshion-remote-unauthenticated-code-execution-vulnerability-in-openssh-server"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2294604"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-446545.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://explore.alas.aws.amazon.com/CVE-2024-6387.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forum.vmssoftware.com/viewtopic.php?f=8\u0026t=9132"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/security/advisories/NetBSD-SA2024-002.txt.asc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH/discussions/2248"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zgzhang/cve-2024-6387-poc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.almalinux.org/archives/list/announce@lists.almalinux.org/thread/23BF5BMGFVEVUI2WNVAGMLKT557EU7VY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.mindrot.org/pipermail/openssh-unix-announce/2024-July/000158.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.mindrot.org/pipermail/openssh-unix-dev/2024-July/041431.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40843778"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/20"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/01/12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/01/13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/02/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/03/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/03/11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/03/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/03/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/03/4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/03/5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/04/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/04/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/08/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/08/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/09/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/09/5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/10/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/10/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/10/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/10/4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/10/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/11/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/11/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/23/4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/23/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/28/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/28/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2XGP-429F-C8X4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-14 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-17 18:31A race condition was addressed with improved state handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7 and iPadOS 26.7, iOS 27 and iPadOS 27, macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.8, macOS Tahoe 26.7, tvOS 27, visionOS 27, watchOS 27. An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-65360"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-14T21:17:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A race condition was addressed with improved state handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7 and iPadOS 26.7, iOS 27 and iPadOS 27, macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.8, macOS Tahoe 26.7, tvOS 27, visionOS 27, watchOS 27. An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination.",
"id": "GHSA-2xgp-429f-c8x4",
"modified": "2026-09-17T18:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-09-14T21:31:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-65360"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/149034"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/149035"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/149036"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/149037"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/149038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/149041"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/149042"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/149043"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2XQP-5HJV-JP5R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-27 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-28 18:32A race condition was addressed with additional validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8, macOS Tahoe 26.6, tvOS 26.6. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-43770"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-27T21:17:01Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A race condition was addressed with additional validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8, macOS Tahoe 26.6, tvOS 26.6. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.",
"id": "GHSA-2xqp-5hjv-jp5r",
"modified": "2026-07-28T18:32:51Z",
"published": "2026-07-27T21:31:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43770"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128067"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128069"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128071"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128072"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2XVJ-J3QH-X8C3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-07-31 18:13 – Updated: 2023-08-25 21:42The private_address_check ruby gem before 0.5.0 is vulnerable to a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition due to the address the socket uses not being checked. DNS entries with a TTL of 0 can trigger this case where the initial resolution is a public address but the subsequent resolution is a private address.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "private_address_check"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.5.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-3759"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T20:53:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The private_address_check ruby gem before 0.5.0 is vulnerable to a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition due to the address the socket uses not being checked. DNS entries with a TTL of 0 can trigger this case where the initial resolution is a public address but the subsequent resolution is a private address.",
"id": "GHSA-2xvj-j3qh-x8c3",
"modified": "2023-08-25T21:42:19Z",
"published": "2018-07-31T18:13:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-3759"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jtdowney/private_address_check/commit/4068228187db87fea7577f7020099399772bb147"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2xvj-j3qh-x8c3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jtdowney/private_address_check"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/private_address_check/CVE-2018-3759.yml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "private_address_check contains race condition"
}
GHSA-324C-R2G2-547C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-08 18:31 – Updated: 2025-07-08 18:31Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Workspace Broker allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49665"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-08T17:15:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization (\u0027race condition\u0027) in Workspace Broker allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-324c-r2g2-547c",
"modified": "2025-07-08T18:31:46Z",
"published": "2025-07-08T18:31:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49665"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-49665"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-325C-M2Q7-75HG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-25 12:31 – Updated: 2026-07-27 06:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
writeback: fix race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and inode_switch_wbs()
When a container exits, the following BUG_ON() is occasionally triggered:
================================================================== VFS: Busy inodes after unmount of sdb (ext4) ------------[ cut here ]------------ kernel BUG at fs/super.c:695! CPU: 3 PID: 6 Comm: containerd-shim Tainted: G OE K 6.6 #1 pstate: 63400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO +TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100 lr : generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100 Call trace: generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100 kill_block_super+0x20/0x48 ext4_kill_sb+0x28/0x60 deactivate_locked_super+0x54/0x130 deactivate_super+0x84/0xa0 cleanup_mnt+0xa4/0x140 __cleanup_mnt+0x18/0x28 task_work_run+0x78/0xe0 do_notify_resume+0x204/0x240 ==================================================================
The root cause is a race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and inode_switch_wbs()/cleanup_offline_cgwb(). There is a window between inode_prepare_wbs_switch() returning true and the subsequent wb_queue_isw() call. Following is the process that triggers the issue:
CPU A (umount) | CPU B (writeback)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ inode_switch_wbs/cleanup_offline_cgwb atomic_inc(&isw_nr_in_flight) inode_prepare_wbs_switch -> passes SB_ACTIVE check __iget(inode) generic_shutdown_super sb->s_flags &= ~SB_ACTIVE cgroup_writeback_umount(sb) smp_mb() atomic_read(&isw_nr_in_flight) rcu_barrier() -> no pending RCU callbacks flush_workqueue(isw_wq) -> nothing queued, returns evict_inodes(sb) -> Inode skipped as isw still holds a ref. sop->put_super(sb) / destroys percpu counters / -> VFS: Busy inodes after unmount! wb_queue_isw() queue_work(isw_wq, ...) / later in work function / inode_switch_wbs_work_fn process_inode_switch_wbs iput() -> evict percpu_counter_dec() // UAF!
Fix this by extending the RCU read-side critical section in inode_switch_wbs() and cleanup_offline_cgwb() to cover from inode_prepare_wbs_switch() through wb_queue_isw(). Since there is no sleep in this window, rcu_read_lock() can be used. Then add a synchronize_rcu() in cgroup_writeback_umount() before the existing rcu_barrier(), so that all in-flight switchers that have passed the SB_ACTIVE check have completed queue_work() before flush_workqueue() is called.
The existing rcu_barrier() is intentionally retained so this fix can be backported unchanged to stable kernels (5.10.y, 6.6.y, ...) that still queue switches via queue_rcu_work(). It is a no-op on current mainline (since commit e1b849cfa6b6 ("writeback: Avoid contention on wb->list_lock when switching inodes")) and is removed in a follow-up patch.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-64378"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-25T10:17:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwriteback: fix race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and inode_switch_wbs()\n\nWhen a container exits, the following BUG_ON() is occasionally triggered:\n\n==================================================================\n VFS: Busy inodes after unmount of sdb (ext4)\n ------------[ cut here ]------------\n kernel BUG at fs/super.c:695!\n CPU: 3 PID: 6 Comm: containerd-shim Tainted: G OE K 6.6 #1\n pstate: 63400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO +TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\n pc : generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100\n lr : generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100\n Call trace:\n generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100\n kill_block_super+0x20/0x48\n ext4_kill_sb+0x28/0x60\n deactivate_locked_super+0x54/0x130\n deactivate_super+0x84/0xa0\n cleanup_mnt+0xa4/0x140\n __cleanup_mnt+0x18/0x28\n task_work_run+0x78/0xe0\n do_notify_resume+0x204/0x240\n==================================================================\n\nThe root cause is a race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and\ninode_switch_wbs()/cleanup_offline_cgwb(). There is a window between\ninode_prepare_wbs_switch() returning true and the subsequent\nwb_queue_isw() call. Following is the process that triggers the issue:\n\n CPU A (umount) | CPU B (writeback)\n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n inode_switch_wbs/cleanup_offline_cgwb\n atomic_inc(\u0026isw_nr_in_flight)\n inode_prepare_wbs_switch\n -\u003e passes SB_ACTIVE check\n __iget(inode)\n generic_shutdown_super\n sb-\u003es_flags \u0026= ~SB_ACTIVE\n cgroup_writeback_umount(sb)\n smp_mb()\n atomic_read(\u0026isw_nr_in_flight)\n rcu_barrier()\n -\u003e no pending RCU callbacks\n flush_workqueue(isw_wq)\n -\u003e nothing queued, returns\n evict_inodes(sb)\n -\u003e Inode skipped as isw still holds a ref.\n sop-\u003eput_super(sb)\n /* destroys percpu counters */\n -\u003e VFS: Busy inodes after unmount!\n wb_queue_isw()\n queue_work(isw_wq, ...)\n /* later in work function */\n inode_switch_wbs_work_fn\n process_inode_switch_wbs\n iput() -\u003e evict\n percpu_counter_dec() // UAF!\n\nFix this by extending the RCU read-side critical section in\ninode_switch_wbs() and cleanup_offline_cgwb() to cover from\ninode_prepare_wbs_switch() through wb_queue_isw(). Since there is\nno sleep in this window, rcu_read_lock() can be used. Then add a\nsynchronize_rcu() in cgroup_writeback_umount() before the existing\nrcu_barrier(), so that all in-flight switchers that have passed the\nSB_ACTIVE check have completed queue_work() before flush_workqueue()\nis called.\n\nThe existing rcu_barrier() is intentionally retained so this fix can\nbe backported unchanged to stable kernels (5.10.y, 6.6.y, ...) that\nstill queue switches via queue_rcu_work(). It is a no-op on current\nmainline (since commit e1b849cfa6b6 (\"writeback: Avoid contention on\nwb-\u003elist_lock when switching inodes\")) and is removed in a follow-up\npatch.",
"id": "GHSA-325c-m2q7-75hg",
"modified": "2026-07-27T06:30:34Z",
"published": "2026-07-25T12:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-64378"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/087d5b8b501c570f84bf655164e6698c3ce146e0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3c9c9648f77e4d14e50676bc51c2174ba9c8d361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/53eeaf4d63068dbc7708b0c7adb20151c812feca"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5c3265f3252b2ee50707adaaa3f9bd0df3df72de"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/685fc15a410885b6d4dee64de0dce721b9428b12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c923cc3cb5cd8945ceaf08252754110643446593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cba38ec4cbd3a7b8b942a8d52531a05be8a9ff0d"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-326H-W5X2-4VRM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-09-22 21:30A vulnerability has been found in Smartstore up to 6.2.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /checkout/confirm/ of the component Gift Voucher Handler. The manipulation leads to race condition. The attack may be initiated remotely. The attack's complexity is rated as high. The exploitability is described as difficult. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10778"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T03:15:56Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in Smartstore up to 6.2.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /checkout/confirm/ of the component Gift Voucher Handler. The manipulation leads to race condition. The attack may be initiated remotely. The attack\u0027s complexity is rated as high. The exploitability is described as difficult. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-326h-w5x2-4vrm",
"modified": "2025-09-22T21:30:20Z",
"published": "2025-09-22T21:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10778"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.325134"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.325134"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.640785"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-32CG-QPW6-CVVP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-11 18:31 – Updated: 2026-08-11 18:31Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Telephony Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-59122"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-11T17:18:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization (\u0027race condition\u0027) in Windows Telephony Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-32cg-qpw6-cvvp",
"modified": "2026-08-11T18:31:00Z",
"published": "2026-08-11T18:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-59122"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-32H2-5PXQ-28CX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:26 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:26Race condition in the sandbox launcher implementation in Google Chrome before 11.0.696.57 on Linux allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via unknown vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-1444"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2011-05-03T22:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Race condition in the sandbox launcher implementation in Google Chrome before 11.0.696.57 on Linux allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via unknown vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-32h2-5pxq-28cx",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:26:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:26:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-1444"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/67151"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A14372"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=76542"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2011/04/chrome-stable-update.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2011/dsa-2245"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
In languages that support it, use synchronization primitives. Only wrap these around critical code to minimize the impact on performance.
Mitigation
Use thread-safe capabilities such as the data access abstraction in Spring.
Mitigation
- Minimize the usage of shared resources in order to remove as much complexity as possible from the control flow and to reduce the likelihood of unexpected conditions occurring.
- Additionally, this will minimize the amount of synchronization necessary and may even help to reduce the likelihood of a denial of service where an attacker may be able to repeatedly trigger a critical section (CWE-400).
Mitigation
When using multithreading and operating on shared variables, only use thread-safe functions.
Mitigation
Use atomic operations on shared variables. Be wary of innocent-looking constructs such as "x++". This may appear atomic at the code layer, but it is actually non-atomic at the instruction layer, since it involves a read, followed by a computation, followed by a write.
Mitigation
Use a mutex if available, but be sure to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-412.
Mitigation
Avoid double-checked locking (CWE-609) and other implementation errors that arise when trying to avoid the overhead of synchronization.
Mitigation
Disable interrupts or signals over critical parts of the code, but also make sure that the code does not go into a large or infinite loop.
Mitigation
Use the volatile type modifier for critical variables to avoid unexpected compiler optimization or reordering. This does not necessarily solve the synchronization problem, but it can help.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions
The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.