CWE-362
Allowed-with-ReviewConcurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.
2899 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-WXJF-9F4G-3V44
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-25 20:56 – Updated: 2021-08-24 18:02Affected versions of the noise_search crate unconditionally implement Send/Sync for MvccRwLock.
This can lead to data races when types that are either !Send or !Sync (e.g. Rc<T>, Arc<Cell<_>>) are contained inside MvccRwLock and sent across thread boundaries. The data races can potentially lead to memory corruption (as demonstrated in the PoC from the original report issue).
Also, safe APIs of MvccRwLock allow aliasing violations by allowing &T and LockResult<MutexGuard<Box<T>>> to co-exist in conflicting lifetime regions. The APIs of MvccRwLock should either be marked as unsafe or MbccRwLock should be changed to private or pub(crate).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "noise_search"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.7.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-36461"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-18T21:19:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-08T06:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Affected versions of the `noise_search` crate unconditionally implement Send/Sync for `MvccRwLock`.\nThis can lead to data races when types that are either `!Send` or `!Sync` (e.g. `Rc\u003cT\u003e`, `Arc\u003cCell\u003c_\u003e\u003e`) are contained inside `MvccRwLock` and sent across thread boundaries. The data races can potentially lead to memory corruption (as demonstrated in the PoC from the original report issue).\n\nAlso, safe APIs of `MvccRwLock` allow aliasing violations by allowing `\u0026T` and `LockResult\u003cMutexGuard\u003cBox\u003cT\u003e\u003e\u003e` to co-exist in conflicting lifetime regions. The APIs of `MvccRwLock` should either be marked as `unsafe` or `MbccRwLock` should be changed to private or pub(crate).\n",
"id": "GHSA-wxjf-9f4g-3v44",
"modified": "2021-08-24T18:02:25Z",
"published": "2021-08-25T20:56:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36461"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pipedown/noise/issues/72"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pipedown/noise"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2020-0141.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Data races in noise_search"
}
GHSA-WXP4-9485-GPCM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-14 09:30 – Updated: 2024-10-15 18:30Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct GPU system calls to read and write freed physical memory from the GPU.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43701"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-14T09:15:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct GPU system calls to read and write freed physical memory from the GPU.",
"id": "GHSA-wxp4-9485-gpcm",
"modified": "2024-10-15T18:30:49Z",
"published": "2024-10-14T09:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43701"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.imaginationtech.com/gpu-driver-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXV7-999P-7WX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Audio Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-50440"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T18:17:48Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization (\u0027race condition\u0027) in Windows Audio Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-wxv7-999p-7wx2",
"modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:23Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T18:32:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-50440"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-50440"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X229-W2J4-H748
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-05 18:33 – Updated: 2026-05-08 22:17A vulnerability has been found in chatchat-space Langchain-Chatchat up to 0.3.1.3. Impacted is the function files of the file libs/chatchat-server/chatchat/server/api_server/openai_routes.py of the component OpenAI-Compatible File Upload API. Such manipulation of the argument file.filename leads to time-of-check time-of-use. Access to the local network is required for this attack to succeed. The attack requires a high level of complexity. The exploitability is considered difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "langchain-chatchat"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.3.1.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7846"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-08T22:17:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-05T16:16:19Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in chatchat-space Langchain-Chatchat up to 0.3.1.3. Impacted is the function files of the file libs/chatchat-server/chatchat/server/api_server/openai_routes.py of the component OpenAI-Compatible File Upload API. Such manipulation of the argument file.filename leads to time-of-check time-of-use. Access to the local network is required for this attack to succeed. The attack requires a high level of complexity. The exploitability is considered difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
"id": "GHSA-x229-w2j4-h748",
"modified": "2026-05-08T22:17:33Z",
"published": "2026-05-05T18:33:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7846"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/chatchat-space/Langchain-Chatchat/issues/5463"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/3em0/cve_repo/blob/main/Langchain-Chatchat/Vuln-2-Silent-File-Overwrite.md"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/chatchat-space/Langchain-Chatchat"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/807795"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/361125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/361125/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Langchain-Chatchat has a Race Condition in its OpenAI-Compatible File Upload API"
}
GHSA-X2J9-JF3F-5HC2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:11In arch/x86/lib/insn-eval.c in the Linux kernel before 5.1.9, there is a use-after-free for access to an LDT entry because of a race condition between modify_ldt() and a #BR exception for an MPX bounds violation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-13233"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-04T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In arch/x86/lib/insn-eval.c in the Linux kernel before 5.1.9, there is a use-after-free for access to an LDT entry because of a race condition between modify_ldt() and a #BR exception for an MPX bounds violation.",
"id": "GHSA-x2j9-jf3f-5hc2",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:11:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:49:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-13233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/de9f869616dd95e95c00bdd6b0fcd3421e8a4323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3309"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3517"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1879"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/ChangeLog-5.1.9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=de9f869616dd95e95c00bdd6b0fcd3421e8a4323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Aug/13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190806-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K13331647?utm_source=f5support\u0026amp%3Butm_medium=RSS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4093-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4094-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4117-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4118-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4495"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-07/msg00025.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/154408/Kernel-Live-Patch-Security-Notice-LSN-0055-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X2QR-244G-56Q9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-12 18:31 – Updated: 2024-03-12 18:31Windows USB Print Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21445"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362",
"CWE-415"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-12T17:15:54Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows USB Print Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-x2qr-244g-56q9",
"modified": "2024-03-12T18:31:13Z",
"published": "2024-03-12T18:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21445"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-21445"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X2V9-P3X8-4HP5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-25 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-23 00:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
usb: gadget: u_serial: Fix race condition in TTY wakeup
A race condition occurs when gs_start_io() calls either gs_start_rx() or gs_start_tx(), as those functions briefly drop the port_lock for usb_ep_queue(). This allows gs_close() and gserial_disconnect() to clear port.tty and port_usb, respectively.
Use the null-safe TTY Port helper function to wake up TTY.
Example CPU1: CPU2: gserial_connect() // lock gs_close() // await lock gs_start_rx() // unlock usb_ep_queue() gs_close() // lock, reset port.tty and unlock gs_start_rx() // lock tty_wakeup() // NPE
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-38448"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-25T16:15:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nusb: gadget: u_serial: Fix race condition in TTY wakeup\n\nA race condition occurs when gs_start_io() calls either gs_start_rx() or\ngs_start_tx(), as those functions briefly drop the port_lock for\nusb_ep_queue(). This allows gs_close() and gserial_disconnect() to clear\nport.tty and port_usb, respectively.\n\nUse the null-safe TTY Port helper function to wake up TTY.\n\nExample\n CPU1:\t\t\t CPU2:\n gserial_connect() // lock\n \t\t\t gs_close() // await lock\n gs_start_rx() // unlock\n usb_ep_queue()\n \t\t\t gs_close() // lock, reset port.tty and unlock\n gs_start_rx() // lock\n tty_wakeup() // NPE",
"id": "GHSA-x2v9-p3x8-4hp5",
"modified": "2025-12-23T00:30:30Z",
"published": "2025-07-25T18:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38448"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/18d58a467ccf011078352d91b4d6a0108c7318e8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a5012673d49788f16bb4e375b002d7743eb642d9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/abf3620cba68e0e51e5c21054ce4f925f75b3661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c529c3730bd09115684644e26bf01ecbd7e2c2c9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c6eb4a05af3d0ba3bc4e8159287722fb9abc6359"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c8c80a3a35c2e3488409de2d5376ef7e662a2bf5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d43657b59f36e88289a6066f15bc9a80df5014eb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ee8d688e2ba558f3bb8ac225113740be5f335417"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X34G-XJXV-FC48
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-02 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:32In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
mptcp: cope racing subflow creation in mptcp_rcv_space_adjust
Additional active subflows - i.e. created by the in kernel path manager - are included into the subflow list before starting the 3whs.
A racing recvmsg() spooling data received on an already established subflow would unconditionally call tcp_cleanup_rbuf() on all the current subflows, potentially hitting a divide by zero error on the newly created ones.
Explicitly check that the subflow is in a suitable state before invoking tcp_cleanup_rbuf().
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-53122"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-02T14:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmptcp: cope racing subflow creation in mptcp_rcv_space_adjust\n\nAdditional active subflows - i.e. created by the in kernel path\nmanager - are included into the subflow list before starting the\n3whs.\n\nA racing recvmsg() spooling data received on an already established\nsubflow would unconditionally call tcp_cleanup_rbuf() on all the\ncurrent subflows, potentially hitting a divide by zero error on\nthe newly created ones.\n\nExplicitly check that the subflow is in a suitable state before\ninvoking tcp_cleanup_rbuf().",
"id": "GHSA-x34g-xjxv-fc48",
"modified": "2025-11-04T00:32:09Z",
"published": "2024-12-02T15:31:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0a9a182ea5c7bb0374e527130fd85024ace7279b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24995851d58c4a205ad0ffa7b2f21e479a9c8527"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aad6412c63baa39dd813e81f16a14d976b3de2e8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ce7356ae35943cc6494cc692e62d51a734062b7d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff825ab2f455299c0c7287550915a8878e2a66e0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00001.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X36Q-999R-CW3G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-06 03:31 – Updated: 2026-01-06 21:30In seninf, there is a possible memory corruption due to a race condition. This could lead to local escalation of privilege if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS10251210; Issue ID: MSV-4926.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-20801"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362",
"CWE-415"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-06T02:15:44Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In seninf, there is a possible memory corruption due to a race condition. This could lead to local escalation of privilege if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS10251210; Issue ID: MSV-4926.",
"id": "GHSA-x36q-999r-cw3g",
"modified": "2026-01-06T21:30:34Z",
"published": "2026-01-06T03:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20801"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/January-2026"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X376-HHJ5-HWW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-12 00:31 – Updated: 2025-03-12 00:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
tcp/dccp: Fix a data-race around sysctl_tcp_fwmark_accept.
While reading sysctl_tcp_fwmark_accept, it can be changed concurrently. Thus, we need to add READ_ONCE() to its reader.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-49601"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-26T07:01:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntcp/dccp: Fix a data-race around sysctl_tcp_fwmark_accept.\n\nWhile reading sysctl_tcp_fwmark_accept, it can be changed concurrently.\nThus, we need to add READ_ONCE() to its reader.",
"id": "GHSA-x376-hhj5-hww2",
"modified": "2025-03-12T00:31:46Z",
"published": "2025-03-12T00:31:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-49601"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13207f9485b5de68decf296ceb0046f5eabb2485"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a0008f9df59451d0a17806c1ee1a19857032fa8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/45fc82706a97242539d6b841ddd7a077ec20757b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/526d8cf8824f613c72dba2155542295e70135f62"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a7386602a2fe2f6192477e8ede291a815da09d81"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/abf70de2ec026ae8d7da4e79bec61888a880e00b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bf3134feffe61b7a0e21f60a04743f8da0958b53"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d4f65615db7fca3df9f7e79eadf937e6ddb03c54"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
In languages that support it, use synchronization primitives. Only wrap these around critical code to minimize the impact on performance.
Mitigation
Use thread-safe capabilities such as the data access abstraction in Spring.
Mitigation
- Minimize the usage of shared resources in order to remove as much complexity as possible from the control flow and to reduce the likelihood of unexpected conditions occurring.
- Additionally, this will minimize the amount of synchronization necessary and may even help to reduce the likelihood of a denial of service where an attacker may be able to repeatedly trigger a critical section (CWE-400).
Mitigation
When using multithreading and operating on shared variables, only use thread-safe functions.
Mitigation
Use atomic operations on shared variables. Be wary of innocent-looking constructs such as "x++". This may appear atomic at the code layer, but it is actually non-atomic at the instruction layer, since it involves a read, followed by a computation, followed by a write.
Mitigation
Use a mutex if available, but be sure to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-412.
Mitigation
Avoid double-checked locking (CWE-609) and other implementation errors that arise when trying to avoid the overhead of synchronization.
Mitigation
Disable interrupts or signals over critical parts of the code, but also make sure that the code does not go into a large or infinite loop.
Mitigation
Use the volatile type modifier for critical variables to avoid unexpected compiler optimization or reordering. This does not necessarily solve the synchronization problem, but it can help.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions
The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.