CWE-352
AllowedCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable
The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.
14231 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9986-82CC-2WR8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:26 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:26CSRF exists in Webmin 1.850. By sending a GET request to at/create_job.cgi containing dir=/&cmd= in the URI, an attacker to execute arbitrary commands.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-15645"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-19T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "CSRF exists in Webmin 1.850. By sending a GET request to at/create_job.cgi containing dir=/\u0026cmd= in the URI, an attacker to execute arbitrary commands.",
"id": "GHSA-9986-82cc-2wr8",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:26:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:26:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-15645"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/webmin/webmin/commit/0c58892732ee7610a7abba5507614366d382c9c9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blogs.securiteam.com/index.php/archives/3430"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.webmin.com/changes.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.webmin.com/security.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-998M-F2X3-JJQ4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:48 – Updated: 2023-10-27 14:22Jenkins Config File Provider Plugin 3.7.0 and earlier does not require POST requests for an HTTP endpoint, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.
This vulnerability allows attackers to delete configuration files corresponding to an attacker-specified ID.
This is due to an incomplete fix of SECURITY-938.
Jenkins Config File Provider Plugin 3.7.1 requires POST requests for the affected HTTP endpoint.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.7.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:config-file-provider"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21644"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-13T19:26:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-21T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins Config File Provider Plugin 3.7.0 and earlier does not require POST requests for an HTTP endpoint, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.\n\nThis vulnerability allows attackers to delete configuration files corresponding to an attacker-specified ID.\n\nThis is due to an incomplete fix of [SECURITY-938](https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2018-09-25/#SECURITY-938).\n\nJenkins Config File Provider Plugin 3.7.1 requires POST requests for the affected HTTP endpoint.",
"id": "GHSA-998m-f2x3-jjq4",
"modified": "2023-10-27T14:22:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:48:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21644"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/config-file-provider-plugin/commit/9ffc32379477c4395ab17ff19b04b9f1286ceedb"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/config-file-provider-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2021-04-21/#SECURITY-2202"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/04/21/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "CSRF vulnerability in Jenkins Config File Provider Plugin allows deleting configuration files"
}
GHSA-99C9-FQ53-P5W8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 09:31 – Updated: 2026-05-12 09:31The WP-Redirection plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to and including 1.0.3. This is due to the absence of a nonce field in the admin settings form and the lack of any nonce verification (via check_admin_referer() or wp_verify_nonce()) in the displayWPRedirectionManagementPage() function before processing POST requests that add, edit, or delete URL redirection rules. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to trick a logged-in administrator into clicking a crafted link, causing the attacker to create, modify, or delete redirection records in the plugin's database table without the administrator's consent.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7562"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T09:16:57Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The WP-Redirection plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to and including 1.0.3. This is due to the absence of a nonce field in the admin settings form and the lack of any nonce verification (via check_admin_referer() or wp_verify_nonce()) in the displayWPRedirectionManagementPage() function before processing POST requests that add, edit, or delete URL redirection rules. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to trick a logged-in administrator into clicking a crafted link, causing the attacker to create, modify, or delete redirection records in the plugin\u0027s database table without the administrator\u0027s consent.",
"id": "GHSA-99c9-fq53-p5w8",
"modified": "2026-05-12T09:31:32Z",
"published": "2026-05-12T09:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7562"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-redirection/tags/1.0.3/wp-redirection.php#L219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-redirection/tags/1.0.3/wp-redirection.php#L39"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-redirection/trunk/wp-redirection.php#L219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-redirection/trunk/wp-redirection.php#L39"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/15177d1b-ef48-49e3-9bd9-34262ed2c134?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-99GM-XGQQ-4FWH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-14 21:30A Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in the component /endpoints/currency/currency of Wallos v4.1.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary operations via a crafted GET request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60535"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-14T17:16:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in the component /endpoints/currency/currency of Wallos v4.1.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary operations via a crafted GET request.",
"id": "GHSA-99gm-xgqq-4fwh",
"modified": "2025-10-14T21:30:44Z",
"published": "2025-10-14T18:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ellite/Wallos"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vityuasd/VulList/blob/main/CVE-2025-60535.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://wallos.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-99HF-6GPM-CPHH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:59 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:59Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in index.php in Acc PHP eMail 1.1 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that change passwords.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-4906"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-06-25T19:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in index.php in Acc PHP eMail 1.1 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that change passwords.",
"id": "GHSA-99hf-6gpm-cphh",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:59:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:59:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-4906"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.org/0912-exploits/ape-xsrf.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/37666"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/10412"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/3508"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-99HJ-PPG3-2XWC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:04 – Updated: 2024-03-04 21:12A race condition during Jenkins 2.94 and earlier; 2.89.1 and earlier startup could result in the wrong order of execution of commands during initialization. There is a very short window of time after startup during which Jenkins may no longer show the 'Please wait while Jenkins is getting ready to work' message but Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) protection may not yet be effective.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.89.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.81"
},
{
"fixed": "2.89.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.94"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.90"
},
{
"fixed": "2.95"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1000504"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-01T21:45:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-01-24T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A race condition during Jenkins 2.94 and earlier; 2.89.1 and earlier startup could result in the wrong order of execution of commands during initialization. There is a very short window of time after startup during which Jenkins may no longer show the \u0027Please wait while Jenkins is getting ready to work\u0027 message but Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) protection may not yet be effective.",
"id": "GHSA-99hj-ppg3-2xwc",
"modified": "2024-03-04T21:12:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:04:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1000504"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins/commit/ccc374a7176d7704941fb494589790b7673efe2"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2017-12-14"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Cross-Site Request Forgery in Jenkins"
}
GHSA-99J9-5PHP-MX3C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:48 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:48Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in manage_user_create.php in Mantis 1.1.1 allows remote attackers to create new administrative users via a crafted link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-2276"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-05-16T12:54:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in manage_user_create.php in Mantis 1.1.1 allows remote attackers to create new administrative users via a crafted link.",
"id": "GHSA-99j9-5php-mx3c",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:48:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:48:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-2276"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/42447"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/5657"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2008-July/msg00801.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2008-July/msg00813.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=121130774617956\u0026w=4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30270"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/31171"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/31972"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://sourceforge.net/project/shownotes.php?group_id=14963\u0026release_id=595025"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.gentoo.org/security/en/glsa/glsa-200809-10.xml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/29297"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/1598/references"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-99PV-R3JJ-X8V5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:48 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:48Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Webfolio CMS 1.1.4 and earlier allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) add an administrator via an add action to admin/users/add or (2) modify a web page via a save action to admin/pages/edit/web_page_name.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-1498"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-03-19T19:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Webfolio CMS 1.1.4 and earlier allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) add an administrator via an add action to admin/users/add or (2) modify a web page via a save action to admin/pages/edit/web_page_name.",
"id": "GHSA-99pv-r3jj-x8v5",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:48:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:48:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-1498"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/73575"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ivanobinetti.blogspot.com/2012/02/webfoliocms-114-csrf-add-adminmodify.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/79658"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.org/files/110294/WebfolioCMS-1.1.4-Cross-Site-Request-Forgery.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/48190"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18536"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/52218"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-99Q7-PWHJ-JJC3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:50 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:50In BageCMS 3.1.3, upload/index.php has a CSRF vulnerability that can be used to upload arbitrary files and get server privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-19104"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-11-08T08:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In BageCMS 3.1.3, upload/index.php has a CSRF vulnerability that can be used to upload arbitrary files and get server privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-99q7-pwhj-jjc3",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:50:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:50:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-19104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bagesoft/bagecms/issues/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-99R2-GJF2-38Q5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:21 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:21Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Cisco Unified Intelligence Center (CUIC) 8.5.4 through 9.1(1), as used in Unified Contact Center Express 10.0(1) through 11.0(1), allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users, aka Bug IDs CSCuy75036 and CSCuy81654.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6427"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-10-06T10:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Cisco Unified Intelligence Center (CUIC) 8.5.4 through 9.1(1), as used in Unified Contact Center Express 10.0(1) through 11.0(1), allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users, aka Bug IDs CSCuy75036 and CSCuy81654.",
"id": "GHSA-99r2-gjf2-38q5",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:21:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:21:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6427"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20161005-ucis3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93418"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036953"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
- Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.
Mitigation
Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]
Mitigation
Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.
Mitigation
- Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
- When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
- Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
- This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.
Mitigation
Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing
An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.
CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification
An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.