CWE-352
AllowedCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable
The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.
14190 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-877W-P5G7-2G53
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:10 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:10MKCMS V5.0 has a CSRF vulnerability to add a new admin user via the ucenter/userinfo.php URI.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-11078"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-11T02:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "MKCMS V5.0 has a CSRF vulnerability to add a new admin user via the ucenter/userinfo.php URI.",
"id": "GHSA-877w-p5g7-2g53",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:10:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:10:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11078"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.iwantacve.cn/index.php/archives/193"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8786-4X7J-X27R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-01 21:30 – Updated: 2023-12-01 21:30IBM InfoSphere Information Server 11.7 is vulnerable to cross-site request forgery which could allow an attacker to execute malicious and unauthorized actions transmitted from a user that the website trusts. IBM X-Force ID: 260585.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38268"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-01T20:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM InfoSphere Information Server 11.7 is vulnerable to cross-site request forgery which could allow an attacker to execute malicious and unauthorized actions transmitted from a user that the website trusts. IBM X-Force ID: 260585.",
"id": "GHSA-8786-4x7j-x27r",
"modified": "2023-12-01T21:30:29Z",
"published": "2023-12-01T21:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38268"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/260585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7067682"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-879P-475X-RQH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-24 20:37 – Updated: 2026-02-27 19:54commit: e0f8d9b2047af417d8faf354b675941f3dac9891 (as-of 2026-02-04) channel: GitHub security advisory (per SECURITY.md)
summary
The local caddy admin API (default listen 127.0.0.1:2019) exposes a state-changing POST /load endpoint that replaces the entire running configuration.
When origin enforcement is not enabled (enforce_origin not configured), the admin endpoint accepts cross-origin requests (e.g., from attacker-controlled web content in a victim browser) and applies an attacker-supplied JSON config. this can change the admin listener settings and alter HTTP server behavior without user intent.
Severity
Medium
Justification: - The attacker can apply an arbitrary caddy config (integrity impact) by driving a victim’s local admin API. - Exploitation requires a victim running caddy with the admin API enabled and visiting an attacker-controlled page (or otherwise issuing the request from an untrusted local client).
Affected component
caddyconfig/load.go: adminLoad.handleLoad(/loadadmin endpoint)- Pinned callsite: https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/blob/e0f8d9b2047af417d8faf354b675941f3dac9891/caddyconfig/load.go#L73
Reproduction
Attachment: poc.zip (integration harness) with canonical and control runs.
unzip -q -o poc.zip -d poc
cd poc/poc-F-CADDY-ADMIN-LOAD-001
make test
Expected output (excerpt):
[CALLSITE_HIT]: adminLoad.handleLoad
[PROOF_MARKER]: http_code=200 admin_moved=true response_pwned=true
Control output (excerpt):
[NC_MARKER]: http_code=403 load_blocked=true admin_moved=false response_pwned=false
Impact
An attacker can replace the running caddy configuration via the local admin API. Depending on the deployed configuration/modules, this can: - Change admin listener settings (e.g., move the admin listener to a new address) - Change HTTP server behavior (e.g., alter routes/responses)
Suggested remediation
Ensure cross-origin web content cannot trigger POST /load on the local admin API by default, for example by:
- Enabling origin enforcement by default for unsafe methods, and/or
- Requiring an unguessable token for /load (and other state-changing admin endpoints).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.11.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27589"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-24T20:37:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-24T17:29:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "commit: e0f8d9b2047af417d8faf354b675941f3dac9891 (as-of 2026-02-04)\nchannel: GitHub security advisory (per SECURITY.md)\n\n## summary\n\nThe local caddy admin API (default listen `127.0.0.1:2019`) exposes a state-changing `POST /load` endpoint that replaces the entire running configuration.\n\nWhen origin enforcement is not enabled (`enforce_origin` not configured), the admin endpoint accepts cross-origin requests (e.g., from attacker-controlled web content in a victim browser) and applies an attacker-supplied JSON config. this can change the admin listener settings and alter HTTP server behavior without user intent.\n\n## Severity\n\nMedium\n\nJustification:\n- The attacker can apply an arbitrary caddy config (integrity impact) by driving a victim\u2019s local admin API.\n- Exploitation requires a victim running caddy with the admin API enabled and visiting an attacker-controlled page (or otherwise issuing the request from an untrusted local client).\n\n## Affected component\n\n- `caddyconfig/load.go: adminLoad.handleLoad` (`/load` admin endpoint)\n- Pinned callsite: https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/blob/e0f8d9b2047af417d8faf354b675941f3dac9891/caddyconfig/load.go#L73\n\n## Reproduction\n\nAttachment: `poc.zip` (integration harness) with canonical and control runs.\n\n```bash\nunzip -q -o poc.zip -d poc\ncd poc/poc-F-CADDY-ADMIN-LOAD-001\nmake test\n```\n\nExpected output (excerpt):\n\n```\n[CALLSITE_HIT]: adminLoad.handleLoad\n[PROOF_MARKER]: http_code=200 admin_moved=true response_pwned=true\n```\n\nControl output (excerpt):\n\n```\n[NC_MARKER]: http_code=403 load_blocked=true admin_moved=false response_pwned=false\n```\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker can replace the running caddy configuration via the local admin API. Depending on the deployed configuration/modules, this can:\n- Change admin listener settings (e.g., move the admin listener to a new address)\n- Change HTTP server behavior (e.g., alter routes/responses)\n\n## Suggested remediation\n\nEnsure cross-origin web content cannot trigger `POST /load` on the local admin API by default, for example by:\n- Enabling origin enforcement by default for unsafe methods, and/or\n- Requiring an unguessable token for `/load` (and other state-changing admin endpoints).\n\n[poc.zip](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/25079818/poc.zip)\n[PR_DESCRIPTION.md](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/25079820/PR_DESCRIPTION.md)",
"id": "GHSA-879p-475x-rqh2",
"modified": "2026-02-27T19:54:36Z",
"published": "2026-02-24T20:37:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/security/advisories/GHSA-879p-475x-rqh2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27589"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/commit/65e0ddc22137bbbaa68c842ae0b98d0548504545"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases/tag/v2.11.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/25079818/poc.zip"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/25079820/PR_DESCRIPTION.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-4537"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Caddy is vulnerable to cross-origin config application via local admin API /load "
}
GHSA-87F7-RQ2H-978J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:15 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:15Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Portal 8.5.0 before CF03 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users for requests that insert XSS sequences.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-6125"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-10-28T19:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Portal 8.5.0 before CF03 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users for requests that insert XSS sequences.",
"id": "GHSA-87f7-rq2h-978j",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:15:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:15:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-6125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/96782"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg1PI26889"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21684651"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/70759"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-87HJ-MW3P-W7FC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-25 18:32 – Updated: 2023-11-01 21:30Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in realmag777 WOLF – WordPress Posts Bulk Editor and Manager Professional plugin <= 1.0.7.1 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-46152"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T18:17:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in realmag777 WOLF \u2013 WordPress Posts Bulk Editor and Manager Professional plugin \u003c=\u00a01.0.7.1 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-87hj-mw3p-w7fc",
"modified": "2023-11-01T21:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-10-25T18:32:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46152"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/bulk-editor/wordpress-wolf-plugin-1-0-7-1-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-87HW-VPM8-XXH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-19 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in profilegrid ProfileGrid – User Profiles, Memberships, Groups and Communities.This issue affects ProfileGrid – User Profiles, Memberships, Groups and Communities: from n/a through 5.6.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47644"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-18T22:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in profilegrid ProfileGrid \u2013 User Profiles, Memberships, Groups and Communities.This issue affects ProfileGrid \u2013 User Profiles, Memberships, Groups and Communities: from n/a through 5.6.6.",
"id": "GHSA-87hw-vpm8-xxh2",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:11Z",
"published": "2023-11-19T00:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47644"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities/wordpress-profilegrid-plugin-5-6-5-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-87HX-Q65G-R35X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:52 – Updated: 2023-10-26 22:52Jenkins JClouds Plugin did not perform permission checks on a method implementing form validation. This allowed users with Overall/Read access to Jenkins to connect to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.
Additionally, this form validation method did not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery vulnerability.
This form validation method now requires POST requests and Overall/Administer permission.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.14"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:jclouds-jenkins"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10368"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-26T22:52:42Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-07T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins JClouds Plugin did not perform permission checks on a method implementing form validation. This allowed users with Overall/Read access to Jenkins to connect to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.\n\nAdditionally, this form validation method did not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery vulnerability.\n\nThis form validation method now requires POST requests and Overall/Administer permission.",
"id": "GHSA-87hx-q65g-r35x",
"modified": "2023-10-26T22:52:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:52:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10368"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-08-07/#SECURITY-1482"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r42b7ff290ed5ec8f27f12c54fff54462ffc4bcf6a5015c37fece94ac%40%3Cnotifications.jclouds.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6c4693d03d15391814c647742db49a4d9937fa34573fb66103d57b45%40%3Cnotifications.jclouds.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r725e55670dbdd214f3cfdfea255b72a75fa9a4f0c6c9d109b29c7881%40%3Cnotifications.jclouds.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/08/07/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins JClouds Plugin cross-site request forgery vulnerability"
}
GHSA-87J9-54MW-7XHQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-31 21:31 – Updated: 2023-05-31 21:31A vulnerability was found in meitar Inline Google Spreadsheet Viewer Plugin up to 0.9.6 on WordPress and classified as problematic. Affected by this issue is the function displayShortcode of the file inline-gdocs-viewer.php. The manipulation leads to cross-site request forgery. The attack may be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 0.9.6.1 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 2a8057df8ca30adc859cecbe5cad21ac28c5b747. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-230234 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-10108"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-31T19:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in meitar Inline Google Spreadsheet Viewer Plugin up to 0.9.6 on WordPress and classified as problematic. Affected by this issue is the function displayShortcode of the file inline-gdocs-viewer.php. The manipulation leads to cross-site request forgery. The attack may be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 0.9.6.1 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 2a8057df8ca30adc859cecbe5cad21ac28c5b747. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-230234 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-87j9-54mw-7xhq",
"modified": "2023-05-31T21:31:10Z",
"published": "2023-05-31T21:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-10108"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wp-plugins/inline-google-spreadsheet-viewer/commit/2a8057df8ca30adc859cecbe5cad21ac28c5b747"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wp-plugins/inline-google-spreadsheet-viewer/releases/tag/0.9.6.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.230234"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.230234"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-87MW-PV6W-273M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:35 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:35Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Unified Contact Center Express (Unified CCX) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attack. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvg70921.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0402"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-18T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Unified Contact Center Express (Unified CCX) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attack. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvg70921.",
"id": "GHSA-87mw-pv6w-273m",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:35:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:35:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0402"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180718-uccx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041352"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-87PR-JC7P-JPC4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-21 06:31 – Updated: 2025-12-21 06:31The Web to SugarCRM Lead plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.0. This is due to missing nonce validation on the custom field deletion functionality. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete custom fields via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13361"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-21T04:16:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Web to SugarCRM Lead plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.0. This is due to missing nonce validation on the custom field deletion functionality. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete custom fields via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
"id": "GHSA-87pr-jc7p-jpc4",
"modified": "2025-12-21T06:31:10Z",
"published": "2025-12-21T06:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/web-to-sugarcrm-lead/tags/1.0.0/wpscl-admin-functions.php#L496"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/web-to-sugarcrm-lead/trunk/wpscl-admin-functions.php#L496"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3423497%40web-to-sugarcrm-lead\u0026new=3423497%40web-to-sugarcrm-lead"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b7c54b5d-ad73-44f1-afdb-01136ec0b9ae?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
- Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.
Mitigation
Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]
Mitigation
Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.
Mitigation
- Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
- When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
- Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
- This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.
Mitigation
Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing
An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.
CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification
An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.