CWE-352
AllowedCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable
The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.
14188 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-85QP-4Q9C-33VH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-01 00:00 – Updated: 2022-10-05 00:00Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Booking Ultra Pro plugin <= 1.1.4 at WordPress.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36855"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-30T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Booking Ultra Pro plugin \u003c= 1.1.4 at WordPress.",
"id": "GHSA-85qp-4q9c-33vh",
"modified": "2022-10-05T00:00:40Z",
"published": "2022-10-01T00:00:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36855"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/booking-ultra-pro/wordpress-booking-ultra-pro-plugin-1-1-4-cross-site-scripting-xss-via-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/booking-ultra-pro"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-85QQ-VF84-RFG4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:17 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:17Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in I-O DATA DEVICE HDL-F160, HDL-F250, HDL-F300, and HDL-F320 firmware before 1.02 allows remote attackers to (1) change a configuration or (2) delete files as an authenticated user via unknown vectors. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-5382"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-12-09T00:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in I-O DATA DEVICE HDL-F160, HDL-F250, HDL-F300, and HDL-F320 firmware before 1.02 allows remote attackers to (1) change a configuration or (2) delete files as an authenticated user via unknown vectors. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.",
"id": "GHSA-85qq-vf84-rfg4",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:17:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:17:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5382"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/46880"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN70599814/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/50183"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/32836"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.iodata.jp/news/2008/important/hdl-f.htm"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-85R9-5WFQ-FRXC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in SCAND MultiMailer allows Stored XSS. This issue affects MultiMailer: from n/a through 1.0.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32505"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-09T17:15:44Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in SCAND MultiMailer allows Stored XSS. This issue affects MultiMailer: from n/a through 1.0.3.",
"id": "GHSA-85r9-5wfq-frxc",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:36Z",
"published": "2025-04-09T18:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32505"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/scand-multi-mailer/vulnerability/wordpress-multimailer-plugin-1-0-3-csrf-to-stored-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-85RM-JM8V-379F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:23 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:23SocuSoft Flash Slideshow Maker Professional through v5.20, when the advanced configuration is used, has an xml_path HTTP parameter that trusts user-supplied input, in conjunction with an unsafe XML configuration file. This has resultant content forgery, cross site scripting, and unvalidated redirection issues.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-12439"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-08-05T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "SocuSoft Flash Slideshow Maker Professional through v5.20, when the advanced configuration is used, has an xml_path HTTP parameter that trusts user-supplied input, in conjunction with an unsafe XML configuration file. This has resultant content forgery, cross site scripting, and unvalidated redirection issues.",
"id": "GHSA-85rm-jm8v-379f",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:23:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:23:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12439"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/143542/Flash-Slideshow-Maker-Professional-XSS-Content-Forgery-Redirect.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-85RQ-HP8X-GHJQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-13 00:01 – Updated: 2023-10-27 16:15Jenkins Mailer Plugin prior to 408.vd726a_1130320 and 1.34.2 does not perform a permission check in a method implementing form validation.
This allows attackers with Overall/Read access to use the DNS used by the Jenkins instance to resolve an attacker-specified hostname.
Additionally, this form validation method does not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.
Mailer Plugin 408.vd726a_1130320 and 1.34.2 require POST requests and Overall/Administer permission for the affected form validation method.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:mailer"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "391.ve4a38c1bcf4b"
},
{
"fixed": "408.vd726a"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:mailer"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.34.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20613"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-20T22:50:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-12T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins Mailer Plugin prior to 408.vd726a_1130320 and 1.34.2 does not perform a permission check in a method implementing form validation.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read access to use the DNS used by the Jenkins instance to resolve an attacker-specified hostname.\n\nAdditionally, this form validation method does not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.\n\nMailer Plugin 408.vd726a_1130320 and 1.34.2 require POST requests and Overall/Administer permission for the affected form validation method.",
"id": "GHSA-85rq-hp8x-ghjq",
"modified": "2023-10-27T16:15:35Z",
"published": "2022-01-13T00:01:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20613"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/mailer-plugin/commit/5e6051fae61a43564e22aa89cb24ed8a42a26052"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/mailer-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-01-12/#SECURITY-2163"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/01/12/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Cross-Site Request Forgery in Jenkins Mailer Plugin"
}
GHSA-85V6-Q829-6QXQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-09 18:31Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Skywarrior Blackfyre blackfyre allows Cross Site Request Forgery.This issue affects Blackfyre: from n/a through <= 2.5.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-39641"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T09:16:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Skywarrior Blackfyre blackfyre allows Cross Site Request Forgery.This issue affects Blackfyre: from n/a through \u003c= 2.5.4.",
"id": "GHSA-85v6-q829-6qxq",
"modified": "2026-04-09T18:31:25Z",
"published": "2026-04-08T09:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39641"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/blackfyre/vulnerability/wordpress-blackfyre-theme-2-5-4-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-85VC-GG38-H7Q5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:19 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:19wg7.php in Webgalamb 7.0 lacks security measures to prevent CSRF attacks, as demonstrated by wg7.php?options=1 to change the administrator password.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-19511"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-21T16:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "wg7.php in Webgalamb 7.0 lacks security measures to prevent CSRF attacks, as demonstrated by wg7.php?options=1 to change the administrator password.",
"id": "GHSA-85vc-gg38-h7q5",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:19:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:19:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-19511"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/151017/Webgalamb-Information-Disclosure-XSS-CSRF-SQL-Injection.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2019/Jan/15"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-85VR-Q6XJ-XF78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:53 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:53Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Koha 3.14.x before 3.14.16, 3.16.x before 3.16.12, 3.18.x before 3.18.08, and 3.20.x before 3.20.1 allow remote attackers to (1) hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that create a user via a request to members/memberentry.pl or (2) give a user superlibrarian permission via a request to members/member-flags.pl or (3) hijack the authentication of arbitrary users for requests that conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via the addshelf parameter to opac-shelves.pl.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-4630"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-18T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Koha 3.14.x before 3.14.16, 3.16.x before 3.16.12, 3.18.x before 3.18.08, and 3.20.x before 3.20.1 allow remote attackers to (1) hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that create a user via a request to members/memberentry.pl or (2) give a user superlibrarian permission via a request to members/member-flags.pl or (3) hijack the authentication of arbitrary users for requests that conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via the addshelf parameter to opac-shelves.pl.",
"id": "GHSA-85vr-q6xj-xf78",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:53:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:53:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-4630"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.koha-community.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=14423"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://koha-community.org/koha-3-14-16-released"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://koha-community.org/security-release-koha-3-16-12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://koha-community.org/security-release-koha-3-18-8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://koha-community.org/security-release-koha-3-20-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/132458/Koha-ILS-3.20.x-CSRF-XSS-Traversal-SQL-Injection.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Jun/80"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37389"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sba-research.org/2015/06/24/researchers-of-sba-research-found-several-critical-security-vulnerabilities-in-the-koha-library-software-via-combinatorial-testing"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-85WQ-PQHP-HMQ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:44 – Updated: 2022-07-01 22:10Jenkins versions 2.56 and earlier as well as 2.46.1 LTS and earlier are vulnerable to an issue in the Jenkins user database authentication realm: create an account if signup is enabled; or create an account if the victim is an administrator, possibly deleting the existing default admin user in the process and allowing a wide variety of impacts.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.56"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.50"
},
{
"fixed": "2.57"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.46.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.46.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1000356"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-01T22:10:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-01-29T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Jenkins versions 2.56 and earlier as well as 2.46.1 LTS and earlier are vulnerable to an issue in the Jenkins user database authentication realm: create an account if signup is enabled; or create an account if the victim is an administrator, possibly deleting the existing default admin user in the process and allowing a wide variety of impacts.",
"id": "GHSA-85wq-pqhp-hmq6",
"modified": "2022-07-01T22:10:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:44:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1000356"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins/commit/23f4809e6c10a221e9d67f2e841536845387b42d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins/commit/3c5e5ca63d9a1ac1c4087682dc0d426625eafed8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins/commit/e69c28e44dae41322112471e1c80f840bde314d4"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2017-04-26"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98062"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Cross-Site Request Forgery in Jenkins"
}
GHSA-8639-QX56-R428
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-01 20:26 – Updated: 2022-06-01 20:26Impact
CSRF vulnerability allowing attackers to change the state of an order's adjustments if they hold its number, and the execution happens on a store administrator's computer.
Reproduction steps:
- Take an order's number.
- Log in as an administrator.
- Visit that order's adjustments section (Orders -> {Click on number} -> Adjustments) and check that its adjustments are finalized (closed padlock under the State column).
- On another tab, visit {your_site_url}/admin/orders/{order_number}/adjustments/unfinalize.
- Notice how the adjustments are unfinalized (open padlock), even if the previous was a GET request which could have been linked from any other site.
- Visit {your_site_url}/admin/orders/{order_number}/adjustments/finalize.
- Notice how the adjustments are again finalized.
That happened because both routes were handled as GET requests, which are skipped by Rails anti-forgery protection.
Patches
Users should upgrade to solidus_backend v3.1.6, v3.0.6, or v2.11.16, depending on the major and minor versions in use.
References
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
- Open an issue or a discussion in Solidus.
- Email us at security@solidus.io
- Contact the core team on Slack
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "solidus_backend"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.11.16"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "solidus_backend"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "solidus_backend"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31000"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-01T20:26:37Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-01T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\nCSRF vulnerability allowing attackers to change the state of an order\u0027s adjustments if they hold its number, and the execution happens on a store administrator\u0027s computer.\n\nReproduction steps:\n- Take an order\u0027s number.\n- Log in as an administrator.\n- Visit that order\u0027s adjustments section (_Orders -\u003e {Click on number} -\u003e Adjustments_) and check that its adjustments are finalized (closed padlock under the **State** column).\n- On another tab, visit `{your_site_url}/admin/orders/{order_number}/adjustments/unfinalize`.\n- Notice how the adjustments are unfinalized (open padlock), even if the previous was a `GET` request which could have been linked from any other site.\n- Visit `{your_site_url}/admin/orders/{order_number}/adjustments/finalize`.\n- Notice how the adjustments are again finalized.\n\nThat happened because both routes were handled as `GET` requests, which are skipped by Rails anti-forgery protection.\n\n### Patches\nUsers should upgrade to solidus_backend v3.1.6, v3.0.6, or v2.11.16, depending on the major and minor versions in use.\n\n### References\n- [Rails CSRF protection](https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionController/RequestForgeryProtection.html).\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n- Open an [issue](https://github.com/solidusio/solidus/issues) or a [discussion](https://github.com/solidusio/solidus/discussions) in Solidus.\n- Email us at [security@solidus.io](mailto:security@soliidus.io)\n- Contact the core team on [Slack](http://slack.solidus.io/)\n",
"id": "GHSA-8639-qx56-r428",
"modified": "2022-06-01T20:26:37Z",
"published": "2022-06-01T20:26:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/solidusio/solidus/security/advisories/GHSA-8639-qx56-r428"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/solidusio/solidus/commit/de796a2e0be7f154cae48b46e267501559d9716c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/solidus_backend/CVE-2022-31000.yml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/solidusio/solidus"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "CSRF allows attacker to finalize/unfinalize order adjustments in solidus_backend"
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
- Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.
Mitigation
Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]
Mitigation
Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.
Mitigation
- Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
- When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
- Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
- This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.
Mitigation
Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing
An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.
CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification
An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.