Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-352

Allowed

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable

The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.

14168 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-78MR-78X2-C4Q9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-13 00:30 – Updated: 2024-11-18 21:30
VLAI
Details

SOCIFI Socifi Guest wifi as SAAS is affected by Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) via the Socifi wifi portal. The application does not contain a CSRF token and request validation. An attacker can Add/Modify any random user data by sending a crafted CSRF request.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-27701"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-12T23:15:03Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "SOCIFI Socifi Guest wifi as SAAS is affected by Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) via the Socifi wifi portal. The application does not contain a CSRF token and request validation. An attacker can Add/Modify any random user data by sending a crafted CSRF request.",
  "id": "GHSA-78mr-78x2-c4q9",
  "modified": "2024-11-18T21:30:45Z",
  "published": "2024-11-13T00:30:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27701"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Mrnmap/mrnmap-cve/blob/main/CVE-2021-27701"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-78RQ-5Q9H-QQP7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-13 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-13 18:30
VLAI
Details

The Popover Windows plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 1.2. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update the plugin's settings via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-14394"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-13T16:16:49Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Popover Windows plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 1.2. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update the plugin\u0027s settings via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
  "id": "GHSA-78rq-5q9h-qqp7",
  "modified": "2025-12-13T18:30:21Z",
  "published": "2025-12-13T18:30:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14394"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/popover-windows/tags/1.2/popoveroptions.php#L98"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c2af263f-960b-4807-bc85-d136136fa30f?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-78XH-7FWH-VXXR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-20 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in BinaryCarpenter Menu Bar Cart Icon For WooCommerce By Binary Carpenter.This issue affects Menu Bar Cart Icon For WooCommerce By Binary Carpenter: from n/a through 1.49.3.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-49855"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-18T11:15:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in BinaryCarpenter Menu Bar Cart Icon For WooCommerce By Binary Carpenter.This issue affects Menu Bar Cart Icon For WooCommerce By Binary Carpenter: from n/a through 1.49.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-78xh-7fwh-vxxr",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:23Z",
  "published": "2023-12-20T06:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49855"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/bc-menu-cart-woo/wordpress-bc-menu-bar-cart-icon-for-woocommerce-by-binary-carpenter-plugin-1-49-3-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-792H-XRGG-JFHW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:39 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:39
VLAI
Details

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in lib/filemanager/imagemanager/images.php in CMS Made Simple (CMSMS) 1.11.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that delete arbitrary files via the deld parameter.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-5450"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-12-03T21:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in lib/filemanager/imagemanager/images.php in CMS Made Simple (CMSMS) 1.11.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that delete arbitrary files via the deld parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-792h-xrgg-jfhw",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T01:39:27Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T01:39:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-5450"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/79881"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.htbridge.com/advisory/HTB23121"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2012-11/0035.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://forum.cmsmadesimple.org/viewtopic.php?f=1\u0026t=63545"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.org/files/117951/CMS-Made-Simple-1.11.2-Cross-Site-Request-Forgery.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51185"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://viewsvn.cmsmadesimple.org/diff.php?repname=cmsmadesimple\u0026path=%2Ftrunk%2Flib%2Ffilemanager%2FImageManager%2FClasses%2FImageManager.php\u0026rev=8400\u0026peg=8498"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-792W-8X8J-FW37

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-19 00:37 – Updated: 2024-12-31 21:30
VLAI
Details

A Cross-Site Request Forgery vulnerability in Amiro.CMS before 7.8.4 allows remote attackers to create an administrator account.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-56116"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-18T23:15:17Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A Cross-Site Request Forgery vulnerability in Amiro.CMS before 7.8.4 allows remote attackers to create an administrator account.",
  "id": "GHSA-792w-8x8j-fw37",
  "modified": "2024-12-31T21:30:45Z",
  "published": "2024-12-19T00:37:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56116"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ComplianceControl/CVE-2024-56116"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-793P-F9Q8-V6XW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-03 12:33 – Updated: 2025-10-03 12:33
VLAI
Details

The AP Background plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 3.8.2. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the advParallaxBackAdminSaveSlider function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to create or modify background sliders via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-9897"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-03T12:15:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The AP Background plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 3.8.2. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the advParallaxBackAdminSaveSlider function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to create or modify background sliders via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
  "id": "GHSA-793p-f9q8-v6xw",
  "modified": "2025-10-03T12:33:16Z",
  "published": "2025-10-03T12:33:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9897"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ap-background/tags/3.8.2/includes/functions.admin.php#L135"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/f6f12812-3c14-41c1-b14b-af84f835a773?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-795W-6GCG-9R8X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:57 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:57
VLAI
Details

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in phpMyAdmin before 2.11.7.1 allows remote attackers to perform unauthorized actions via a link or IMG tag to (1) the db parameter in the "Creating a Database" functionality (db_create.php), and (2) the convcharset and collation_connection parameters related to an unspecified program that modifies the connection character set.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-3197"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-07-16T18:41:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in phpMyAdmin before 2.11.7.1 allows remote attackers to perform unauthorized actions via a link or IMG tag to (1) the db parameter in the \"Creating a Database\" functionality (db_create.php), and (2) the convcharset and collation_connection parameters related to an unspecified program that modifies the connection character set.",
  "id": "GHSA-795w-6gcg-9r8x",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T23:57:32Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T23:57:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-3197"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/43846"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2008-July/msg00590.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2008-July/msg00652.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2009-02/msg00000.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/31097"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/31115"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33822"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://sourceforge.net/project/shownotes.php?release_id=613660"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2008/dsa-1641"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2008:202"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2008/07/15/6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.phpmyadmin.net/home_page/downloads.php?relnotes=0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.phpmyadmin.net/home_page/security.php?issue=PMASA-2008-5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/2116/references"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://yehg.net/lab/pr0js/advisories/XSRF_ConvertCharset_inPhpMyAdmin2.11.7.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://yehg.net/lab/pr0js/advisories/XSRF_CreateDB_inPhpMyAdmin2.11.7.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-7998-F3XJ-XGH3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-25 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-07 03:30
VLAI
Details

Busybox 1.31.1 - Multiple Known Vulnerabilities.This issue affects BLU-IC2: through 1.19.5; BLU-IC4: through 1.19.5.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12221"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-25T16:15:40Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Busybox 1.31.1 - Multiple Known Vulnerabilities.This issue affects BLU-IC2: through 1.19.5; BLU-IC4: through 1.19.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-7998-f3xj-xgh3",
  "modified": "2025-11-07T03:30:24Z",
  "published": "2025-10-25T18:30:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12221"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://azure-access.com/security-advisories"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-799H-QR84-PCRP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:26 – Updated: 2023-07-31 18:23
VLAI
Summary
Kallithea Routes CSRF Bypass
Details

Routes in Kallithea before 0.3.2 allows remote attackers to bypass the CSRF protection by using the GET HTTP request method.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "kallithea"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.3.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-3691"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-31T18:23:01Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-04-24T18:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Routes in Kallithea before 0.3.2 allows remote attackers to bypass the CSRF protection by using the GET HTTP request method.",
  "id": "GHSA-799h-qr84-pcrp",
  "modified": "2023-07-31T18:23:01Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:26:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3691"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/NexMirror/Kallithea"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/05/02/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Kallithea Routes CSRF Bypass"
}

GHSA-79GP-Q4WV-33FR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-25 18:21 – Updated: 2025-01-21 18:27
VLAI
Summary
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in strawberry-graphql
Details

Impact

Multipart file upload support as defined in the GraphQL multipart request specification was enabled by default in all Strawberry HTTP view integrations. This made all Strawberry HTTP view integrations vulnerable to CSRF attacks if users did not explicitly enable CSRF preventing security mechanism for their servers. Additionally, the Django HTTP view integration, in particular, had an exemption for Django's built-in CSRF protection (i.e., the CsrfViewMiddleware middleware) by default.

In affect, all Strawberry integrations were vulnerable to CSRF attacks by default.

Patches

Version v0.243.0 is the first strawberry-graphql including a patch. Check out our documentation for additional details and upgrade instructions.

References

Credits

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "strawberry-graphql"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.243.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-47082"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-09-25T18:21:19Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-25T18:15:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nMultipart file upload support as defined in the [GraphQL multipart request specification](https://github.com/jaydenseric/graphql-multipart-request-spec) was enabled by default in all Strawberry HTTP view integrations. This made all Strawberry HTTP view integrations vulnerable to CSRF attacks if users did not explicitly enable CSRF preventing security mechanism for their servers.\nAdditionally, the Django HTTP view integration, in particular, had an exemption for Django\u0027s built-in CSRF protection (i.e., the `CsrfViewMiddleware` middleware) by default.\n\nIn affect, all Strawberry integrations were vulnerable to CSRF attacks by default.\n\n### Patches\n\nVersion `v0.243.0` is the first `strawberry-graphql` including a patch. Check out our [documentation](https://strawberry.rocks/docs/breaking-changes/0.243.0) for additional details and upgrade instructions.\n\n### References\n\n- [Strawberry upgrade guide](https://strawberry.rocks/docs/breaking-changes/0.243.0)\n- [Multipart Upload Security Implications](https://github.com/jaydenseric/graphql-multipart-request-spec/blob/master/readme.md#security)\n\n### Credits\n\n- [Thomas Grainger](https://github.com/graingert)\n- [Arthur Bayr](https://github.com/speedy1991)\n- [Jonathan Ehwald](https://github.com/DoctorJohn)",
  "id": "GHSA-79gp-q4wv-33fr",
  "modified": "2025-01-21T18:27:00Z",
  "published": "2024-09-25T18:21:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/strawberry-graphql/strawberry/security/advisories/GHSA-79gp-q4wv-33fr"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47082"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/strawberry-graphql/strawberry/commit/37265b230e511480a9ceace492f9f6a484be1387"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/strawberry-graphql/PYSEC-2024-171.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/strawberry-graphql/strawberry"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://strawberry.rocks/docs/breaking-changes/0.243.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in strawberry-graphql"
}

Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
  • Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
  • When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
  • Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
  • This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.

Mitigation
Implementation

Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.

CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)

An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.

CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing

An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.

CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification

An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.