Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-352

Allowed

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable

The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.

14231 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-4J34-5678-4GMG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-24 09:30 – Updated: 2026-06-24 09:30
VLAI
Details

The MP Customize Login Page plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in all versions up to and including 1.0. This is due to a completely broken nonce validation in the enter_mpclp_login_options() function, which contains an inverted check (if wp_verify_nonce(...) { return false; }) and is missing the required action parameter for wp_verify_nonce(). As a result, the nonce check is effectively dead code: it never blocks malicious requests because a CSRF-supplied empty/invalid nonce always returns false, satisfying the inverted condition to continue execution. Furthermore, the settings-update handler is hooked on init without any capability check. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify all plugin setting, including login page background, logo URL, image dimensions, button colors, and login message, by tricking a logged-in administrator into submitting a crafted request.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-6292"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-24T07:16:27Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The MP Customize Login Page plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in all versions up to and including 1.0. This is due to a completely broken nonce validation in the enter_mpclp_login_options() function, which contains an inverted check (if wp_verify_nonce(...) { return false; }) and is missing the required action parameter for wp_verify_nonce(). As a result, the nonce check is effectively dead code: it never blocks malicious requests because a CSRF-supplied empty/invalid nonce always returns false, satisfying the inverted condition to continue execution. Furthermore, the settings-update handler is hooked on init without any capability check. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify all plugin setting, including login page background, logo URL, image dimensions, button colors, and login message, by tricking a logged-in administrator into submitting a crafted request.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j34-5678-4gmg",
  "modified": "2026-06-24T09:30:46Z",
  "published": "2026-06-24T09:30:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6292"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mp-customize-login-page/tags/1.0/class.mp-customize-login-page.php#L103"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mp-customize-login-page/tags/1.0/class.mp-customize-login-page.php#L13"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mp-customize-login-page/trunk/class.mp-customize-login-page.php#L103"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mp-customize-login-page/trunk/class.mp-customize-login-page.php#L13"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b9216875-8cb6-45a7-b23b-19d13f8b49dc?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4J3W-G62X-HRCP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:28 – Updated: 2026-06-06 14:42
VLAI
Summary
Plone Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)
Details

Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Plone CMS before 3.1 allow remote attackers to (1) add arbitrary accounts via the join_form page and (2) change the privileges of arbitrary groups via the prefs_groups_overview page.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "Plone"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-0164"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-14T17:23:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-03-20T00:44:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Plone CMS before 3.1 allow remote attackers to (1) add arbitrary accounts via the join_form page and (2) change the privileges of arbitrary groups via the prefs_groups_overview page.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j3w-g62x-hrcp",
  "modified": "2026-06-06T14:42:18Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T23:28:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-0164"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/41263"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/plone/Plone"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/plone/PYSEC-2008-14.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/plone/PYSEC-2008-15.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://plone.org/about/security/advisories/cve-2008-0164"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://plone.org/products/plone-hotfix/releases/CVE-2008-0164"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29361"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/3754"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.procheckup.com/Hacking_Plone_CMS.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/489544/100/0/threaded"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Plone Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)"
}

GHSA-4J45-5PWJ-X33M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-01 18:30 – Updated: 2022-12-06 21:30
VLAI
Details

IBM Db2U 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 is vulnerable to cross-site request forgery which could allow an attacker to execute malicious and unauthorized actions transmitted from a user that the website trusts. IBM X-Force ID: 237212.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-41297"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-01T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Db2U 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 is vulnerable to cross-site request forgery which could allow an attacker to execute malicious and unauthorized actions transmitted from a user that the website trusts. IBM X-Force ID: 237212.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j45-5pwj-x33m",
  "modified": "2022-12-06T21:30:46Z",
  "published": "2022-12-01T18:30:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41297"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/237212"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6843071"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4J45-J8XJ-879V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-24 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Epsiloncool WP Fast Total Search allows Cross Site Request Forgery. This issue affects WP Fast Total Search: from n/a through 1.78.258.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-24572"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-24T18:15:34Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Epsiloncool WP Fast Total Search allows Cross Site Request Forgery. This issue affects WP Fast Total Search: from n/a through 1.78.258.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j45-j8xj-879v",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:24Z",
  "published": "2025-01-24T18:31:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24572"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/fulltext-search/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-fast-total-search-plugin-1-78-258-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4J4J-45PM-JF8H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 06:14 – Updated: 2025-04-11 03:31
VLAI
Details

Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in WebCalendar 1.2.0, and other versions before 1.2.5, allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) delete an event or (2) ban an IP address from posting via unknown vectors. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2010-0637"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2010-02-12T22:30:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in WebCalendar 1.2.0, and other versions before 1.2.5, allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) delete an event or (2) ban an IP address from posting via unknown vectors.  NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j4j-45pm-jf8h",
  "modified": "2025-04-11T03:31:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T06:14:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-0637"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://holisticinfosec.org/content/view/133/45"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/38222"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://webcalendar.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/webcalendar/webcalendar/ChangeLog?pathrev=REL_1_2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-4J52-999Q-VXGG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-09 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Martin Gibson Auto Publish for Google My Business plugin <= 3.7 versions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-47237"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-09T19:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Martin Gibson Auto Publish for Google My Business plugin \u003c=\u00a03.7 versions.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j52-999q-vxgg",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:05Z",
  "published": "2023-11-09T21:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47237"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wp-google-my-business-auto-publish/vulnerability/wordpress-auto-publish-for-google-my-business-plugin-3-7-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wp-google-my-business-auto-publish/wordpress-auto-publish-for-google-my-business-plugin-3-7-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4J57-5G6C-2WJ3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-05 18:30 – Updated: 2026-02-05 18:30
VLAI
Details

Edimax EW-7438RPn-v3 Mini 1.27 is vulnerable to cross-site request forgery (CSRF) that can lead to command execution. An attacker can trick an authenticated user into submitting a crafted form to the /goform/mp endpoint, resulting in arbitrary command execution on the device with the user's privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-37149"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-05T17:16:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Edimax EW-7438RPn-v3 Mini 1.27 is vulnerable to cross-site request forgery (CSRF) that can lead to command execution. An attacker can trick an authenticated user into submitting a crafted form to the /goform/mp endpoint, resulting in arbitrary command execution on the device with the user\u0027s privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j57-5g6c-2wj3",
  "modified": "2026-02-05T18:30:32Z",
  "published": "2026-02-05T18:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-37149"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.edimax.com/edimax/merchandise/merchandise_detail/data/edimax/global/wi-fi_range_extenders_n300/ew-7438rpn_mini"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/48318"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/edimax-technology-ew-rpn-mini-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-to-command-execution"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4J5W-M9VG-WJR5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-04 15:30 – Updated: 2023-06-04 15:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in Blogger Importer Plugin up to 0.5 on WordPress. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function start/restart of the file blogger-importer.php. The manipulation leads to cross-site request forgery. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 0.6 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is b83fa4f862b0f19a54cfee76060ec9c2e7f7ca70. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-230658 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-10027"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-04T14:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in Blogger Importer Plugin up to 0.5 on WordPress. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function start/restart of the file blogger-importer.php. The manipulation leads to cross-site request forgery. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 0.6 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is b83fa4f862b0f19a54cfee76060ec9c2e7f7ca70. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-230658 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j5w-m9vg-wjr5",
  "modified": "2023-06-04T15:30:15Z",
  "published": "2023-06-04T15:30:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-10027"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/wp-plugins/blogger-importer/commit/b83fa4f862b0f19a54cfee76060ec9c2e7f7ca70"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.230658"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.230658"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4J64-WRG8-G2FJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-24 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Yash Binani Time Based Greeting allows Stored XSS. This issue affects Time Based Greeting: from n/a through 2.2.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-46435"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-24T16:15:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Yash Binani Time Based Greeting allows Stored XSS. This issue affects Time Based Greeting: from n/a through 2.2.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j64-wrg8-g2fj",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:56Z",
  "published": "2025-04-24T18:31:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46435"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/time-based-greeting/vulnerability/wordpress-time-based-greeting-plugin-2-2-2-csrf-to-stored-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4J8W-P6HV-3QXC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-21 18:30 – Updated: 2024-08-19 20:52
VLAI
Summary
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in automad/automad
Details

automad up to 1.10.9 does not implement anti-CSRF tokens by default, making it vulnerable Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF). An attacker may exploit this vulnerability to force an admin into creating or deleting users. An exploit has been disclosed publicly.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "automad/automad"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.0-alpha.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-7038"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-12-29T19:35:01Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-21T18:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "automad up to 1.10.9 does not implement anti-CSRF tokens by default, making it vulnerable Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF). An attacker may exploit this vulnerability to force an admin into creating or deleting users. An exploit has been disclosed publicly.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j8w-p6hv-3qxc",
  "modified": "2024-08-19T20:52:32Z",
  "published": "2023-12-21T18:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7038"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/marcantondahmen/automad"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/screetsec/VDD/tree/main/Automad%20CMS/Cross-Site%20Request%20Forgery%20(CSRF)"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.248687"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.248687"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in automad/automad"
}

Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
  • Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
  • When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
  • Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
  • This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.

Mitigation
Implementation

Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.

CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)

An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.

CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing

An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.

CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification

An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.