Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-352

Allowed

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable

The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.

14237 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-48CR-X7PP-992R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-16 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Pascal Casier Board Election allows Stored XSS.This issue affects Board Election: from n/a through 1.0.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-23499"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-16T20:15:37Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Pascal Casier Board Election allows Stored XSS.This issue affects Board Election: from n/a through 1.0.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-48cr-x7pp-992r",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:11Z",
  "published": "2025-01-16T21:31:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23499"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/board-election/vulnerability/wordpress-board-election-plugin-1-0-1-csrf-to-stored-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-48F2-R22M-C3XQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-27 15:30 – Updated: 2024-08-12 15:30
VLAI
Details

idccms v1.35 was discovered to contain a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) via the component /admin/userSys_deal.php?mudi=infoSet.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-39158"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-27T14:15:16Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "idccms v1.35 was discovered to contain a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) via the component /admin/userSys_deal.php?mudi=infoSet.",
  "id": "GHSA-48f2-r22m-c3xq",
  "modified": "2024-08-12T15:30:47Z",
  "published": "2024-06-27T15:30:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39158"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Thirtypenny77/cms2/blob/main/58/csrf.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-48F4-CX87-W7MH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-21 00:31 – Updated: 2024-12-04 21:30
VLAI
Details

In QUIC in RFC 9000, the Latency Spin Bit specification (section 17.4) does not strictly constrain the bit value when the feature is disabled, which might allow remote attackers to construct a covert channel with data represented as changes to the bit value. NOTE: The "Sheridan, S., Keane, A. (2015). In Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ECCWS), University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK." paper says "Modern Internet communication protocols provide an almost infinite number of ways in which data can be hidden or embed whithin seemingly normal network traffic."

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-50923"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-21T00:15:07Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In QUIC in RFC 9000, the Latency Spin Bit specification (section 17.4) does not strictly constrain the bit value when the feature is disabled, which might allow remote attackers to construct a covert channel with data represented as changes to the bit value. NOTE: The \"Sheridan, S., Keane, A. (2015). In Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ECCWS), University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.\" paper says \"Modern Internet communication protocols provide an almost infinite number of ways in which data can be hidden or embed whithin seemingly normal network traffic.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-48f4-cx87-w7mh",
  "modified": "2024-12-04T21:30:50Z",
  "published": "2024-02-21T00:31:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50923"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://arrow.tudublin.ie/nsdcon/2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10427406"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9000.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-48F6-V2PM-X9F8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:54 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:54
VLAI
Details

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Webform Multiple File Upload module 6.x-1.x before 6.x-1.3 and 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.3 for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of certain users for requests that delete files via unspecified vectors.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-4379"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2015-06-15T14:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Webform Multiple File Upload module 6.x-1.x before 6.x-1.3 and 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.3 for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of certain users for requests that delete files via unspecified vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-48f6-v2pm-x9f8",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T03:54:01Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T03:54:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-4379"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.drupal.org/node/2459031"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.drupal.org/node/2459035"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.drupal.org/node/2459323"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/04/25/6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/74343"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-48FC-Q3XV-7Q79

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-05 00:30 – Updated: 2024-08-05 00:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in OSWAPP Warehouse Inventory System 1.0/2.0. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /change_password.php. The manipulation leads to cross-site request forgery. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-273553 was assigned to this vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-7460"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-04T23:15:57Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in OSWAPP Warehouse Inventory System 1.0/2.0. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /change_password.php. The manipulation leads to cross-site request forgery. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-273553 was assigned to this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-48fc-q3xv-7q79",
  "modified": "2024-08-05T00:30:51Z",
  "published": "2024-08-05T00:30:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7460"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/topsky979/b178dd940d98828d1dfd0ccaaaddeb6b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.273553"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.273553"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.379593"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-48FJ-24FP-5Q3V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-10 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:51
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in LionScripts.Com LionScripts: IP Blocker Lite plugin <= 11.1.1 versions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-23993"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-10T16:15:49Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in LionScripts.Com LionScripts: IP Blocker Lite plugin \u003c=\u00a011.1.1 versions.",
  "id": "GHSA-48fj-24fp-5q3v",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T05:51:29Z",
  "published": "2023-07-10T18:30:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23993"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/ip-address-blocker/wordpress-lionscripts-ip-blocker-lite-plugin-11-1-1-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-48G9-H7G5-8PW2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-02 21:30 – Updated: 2025-02-25 21:41
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins Convert To Pipeline Plugin vulnerable to cross-site request forgery
Details

Convert To Pipeline Plugin 1.0 and earlier does not require POST requests for the HTTP endpoint converting a Freestyle project to Pipeline, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.

This vulnerability allows attackers to create a Pipeline based on a Freestyle project. Combined with SECURITY-2966/CVE-2023-28677, this can result in the execution of unsandboxed Pipeline scripts.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:convert-to-pipeline"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-28676"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352",
      "CWE-652"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-04-04T17:37:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-02T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Convert To Pipeline Plugin 1.0 and earlier does not require POST requests for the HTTP endpoint converting a Freestyle project to Pipeline, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.\n\nThis vulnerability allows attackers to create a Pipeline based on a Freestyle project. Combined with [SECURITY-2966](https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-03-21/#SECURITY-2966)/CVE-2023-28677, this can result in the execution of unsandboxed Pipeline scripts.",
  "id": "GHSA-48g9-h7g5-8pw2",
  "modified": "2025-02-25T21:41:03Z",
  "published": "2023-04-02T21:30:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28676"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/octoperf-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-03-21/#SECURITY-2963"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins Convert To Pipeline Plugin vulnerable to cross-site request forgery"
}

GHSA-48HC-H5M8-9FXF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-17 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:43
VLAI
Details

Dreamer CMS v4.1.3 was discovered to contain a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) via the component /admin/label/delete.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-45903"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-17T14:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Dreamer CMS v4.1.3 was discovered to contain a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) via the component /admin/label/delete.",
  "id": "GHSA-48hc-h5m8-9fxf",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T08:43:24Z",
  "published": "2023-10-17T15:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45903"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moonsabc123/dreamer_cms/blob/main/There%20is%20a%20csrf%20vulnerability%20in%20the%20label%20management%20deletion%20function.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-48HV-4375-2378

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-19 06:30 – Updated: 2026-07-19 06:30
VLAI
Details

A weakness has been identified in geex-arts django-jet up to 1.0.8. Affected is an unknown function of the component OAuth Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to cross-site request forgery. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-16216"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-19T06:17:09Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "A weakness has been identified in geex-arts django-jet up to 1.0.8. Affected is an unknown function of the component OAuth Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to cross-site request forgery. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
  "id": "GHSA-48hv-4375-2378",
  "modified": "2026-07-19T06:30:25Z",
  "published": "2026-07-19T06:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16216"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/geex-arts/django-jet/issues/528"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/geex-arts/django-jet"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-16216"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/857947"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/380039"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/380039/cti"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-48JF-R2HQ-F5GW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-20 18:31
VLAI
Details

Precurio Intranet Portal 4.4 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows attackers to induce authenticated users to submit crafted requests to a profile update endpoint handling file uploads. Attackers can exploit this to upload executable files to web-accessible locations, leading to arbitrary code execution in the context of the web server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32989"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-20T16:16:17Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Precurio Intranet Portal 4.4 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows attackers to induce authenticated users to submit crafted requests to a profile update endpoint handling file uploads. Attackers can exploit this to upload executable files to web-accessible locations, leading to arbitrary code execution in the context of the web server.",
  "id": "GHSA-48jf-r2hq-f5gw",
  "modified": "2026-03-20T18:31:18Z",
  "published": "2026-03-20T18:31:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32989"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.packetstorm.news/files/id/215644"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.precurio.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
  • Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
  • When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
  • Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
  • This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.

Mitigation
Implementation

Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.

CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)

An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.

CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing

An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.

CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification

An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.