Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-352

Allowed

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable

The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.

14238 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-45W5-JJR7-9XGQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:11 – Updated: 2022-09-03 00:00
VLAI
Details

CSRF in admin/reply-ticket.php in Chadha PHPKB Standard Multi-Language 9 allows attackers to reply to any ticket, given the id, via a crafted request.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-10500"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-03-12T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "CSRF in admin/reply-ticket.php in Chadha PHPKB Standard Multi-Language 9 allows attackers to reply to any ticket, given the id, via a crafted request.",
  "id": "GHSA-45w5-jjr7-9xgq",
  "modified": "2022-09-03T00:00:20Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:11:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10500"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://antoniocannito.it/phpkb3#cross-site-request-forgery-when-replying-to-a-ticket-cve-2020-10500"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://antoniocannito.it/?p=343#csrf23"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-45W7-M692-R6F9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-01 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:19
VLAI
Details

The WordPress Photo Gallery – Image Gallery plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 1.0.6. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the load_images_thumbnail() and edit_gallery() functions. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to edit galleries via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-4384"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-01T04:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The WordPress Photo Gallery \u2013 Image Gallery plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 1.0.6. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the load_images_thumbnail() and edit_gallery() functions. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to edit galleries via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
  "id": "GHSA-45w7-m692-r6f9",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T05:19:41Z",
  "published": "2023-07-01T06:30:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4384"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/25-wordpress-plugins-vulnerable-to-csrf-attacks"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/more-wordpress-plugins-and-themes-vulnerable-to-csrf-attacks"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/multiple-wordpress-plugins-fixed-csrf-vulnerabilities-part-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/multiple-wordpress-plugins-fixed-csrf-vulnerabilities-part-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/multiple-wordpress-plugins-fixed-csrf-vulnerabilities-part-3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/multiple-wordpress-plugins-fixed-csrf-vulnerabilities-part-4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/multiple-wordpress-plugins-fixed-csrf-vulnerabilities-part-5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/photo-contest/tags/1.0.6/includes/admin/admin-page-galleries.php#L102"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/photo-contest/tags/1.0.6/includes/view/ajax-function.php#L559"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/1355bc94-7110-4d61-855e-78889e58dcad?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-45WG-67C4-7GWW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-18 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Jongmyoung Kim Korea SNS.This issue affects Korea SNS: from n/a through 1.6.3.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-47670"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-18T21:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Jongmyoung Kim Korea SNS.This issue affects Korea SNS: from n/a through 1.6.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-45wg-67c4-7gww",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:10Z",
  "published": "2023-11-18T21:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47670"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/korea-sns/wordpress-korea-sns-plugin-1-6-3-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-45X3-7PQW-7Q45

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-22 15:30 – Updated: 2024-11-01 21:31
VLAI
Details

flusity-CMS v2.33 was discovered to contain a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) via the component /core/tools/update_place.php

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-26351"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-22T14:15:47Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "flusity-CMS v2.33 was discovered to contain a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) via the component /core/tools/update_place.php",
  "id": "GHSA-45x3-7pqw-7q45",
  "modified": "2024-11-01T21:31:45Z",
  "published": "2024-02-22T15:30:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-26351"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Icycu123/cms/blob/main/4.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4638-H2RX-8QF2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-26 21:30 – Updated: 2024-08-26 21:30
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Brave Brave Popup Builder.This issue affects Brave Popup Builder: from n/a through 0.7.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-43337"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-26T21:15:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Brave Brave Popup Builder.This issue affects Brave Popup Builder: from n/a through 0.7.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-4638-h2rx-8qf2",
  "modified": "2024-08-26T21:30:35Z",
  "published": "2024-08-26T21:30:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43337"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/brave-popup-builder/wordpress-brave-plugin-0-7-0-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-463M-8X6W-HRQ2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-09 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:41
VLAI
Details

The Wicked Folders plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 2.18.16. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the ajax_save_sort_order function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to invoke this function via forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link leading them to perform actions intended for administrators such as changing the folder structure maintained by the plugin.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-0729"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-09T06:15:53Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Wicked Folders plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 2.18.16. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the ajax_save_sort_order function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to invoke this function via forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link leading them to perform actions intended for administrators such as changing the folder structure maintained by the plugin.",
  "id": "GHSA-463m-8x6w-hrq2",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T04:41:20Z",
  "published": "2023-06-09T06:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0729"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wicked-folders/tags/2.18.16/lib/class-wicked-folders-ajax.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=2860994%40wicked-folders%2Ftrunk\u0026old=2805161%40wicked-folders%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/ae8dbf54-ea62-4901-b34f-079b708ca0b5?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-463Q-9CMJ-P927

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-13 06:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:45
VLAI
Details

ALCASAR before 3.6.1 allows CSRF and remote code execution in activity.php.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-38293"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352",
      "CWE-89"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-13T05:15:50Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "ALCASAR before 3.6.1 allows CSRF and remote code execution in activity.php.",
  "id": "GHSA-463q-9cmj-p927",
  "modified": "2024-07-03T18:45:00Z",
  "published": "2024-06-13T06:30:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38293"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://adullact.net/frs/download.php/file/8930/CHANGELOG.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://alcasar.net/download"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4655-WH7V-3VMG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-12 20:35 – Updated: 2023-04-12 20:35
VLAI
Summary
org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-logging-ui Eval Injection vulnerability
Details

Impact

Steps to reproduce:

It is possible to trick a user with programming rights into visiting /xwiki/bin/view/XWiki/LoggingAdmin?loggeraction_set=1&logger_name=%7B%7Bcache%7D%7D%7B%7Bgroovy%7D%7Dnew+File%28%22%2Ftmp%2Fexploit.txt%22%29.withWriter+%7B+out+-%3E+out.println%28%22created+from+notification+filter+preferences%21%22%29%3B+%7D%7B%7B%2Fgroovy%7D%7D%7B%7B%2Fcache%7D%7D&logger_level=TRACE where is the URL of your XWiki installation, e.g., by embedding an image with this URL in a document that is viewed by a user with programming rights.

Expected result:

No file in /tmp/exploit.txt has been created.

Actual result:

The file /tmp/exploit.txt is been created with content "created from notification filter preferences!". This demonstrates a CSRF remote code execution vulnerability that could also be used for privilege escalation or data leaks (if the XWiki installation can reach remote hosts).

Patches

The problem has been patched on XWiki 14.4.7, and 14.10.

Workarounds

The issue can be fixed manually applying this patch.

References

  • https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20291
  • https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/49fdfd633ddfa346c522d2fe71754dc72c9496ca

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-logging-ui"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2-milestone-3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "13.10.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-logging-ui"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "14.0-rc-1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.4.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-logging-ui"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "14.5"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-29213"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352",
      "CWE-74",
      "CWE-95"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-04-12T20:35:42Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-17T22:15:10Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\n\n#### Steps to reproduce:\n\nIt is possible to trick a user with programming rights into visiting \u003cxwiki-host\u003e/xwiki/bin/view/XWiki/LoggingAdmin?loggeraction_set=1\u0026logger_name=%7B%7Bcache%7D%7D%7B%7Bgroovy%7D%7Dnew+File%28%22%2Ftmp%2Fexploit.txt%22%29.withWriter+%7B+out+-%3E+out.println%28%22created+from+notification+filter+preferences%21%22%29%3B+%7D%7B%7B%2Fgroovy%7D%7D%7B%7B%2Fcache%7D%7D\u0026logger_level=TRACE where \u003cxwiki-host\u003e is the URL of your XWiki installation, e.g., by embedding an image with this URL in a document that is viewed by a user with programming rights.\n\n#### Expected result:\n\nNo file in /tmp/exploit.txt has been created.\n\n#### Actual result:\n\nThe file `/tmp/exploit.txt` is been created with content \"created from notification filter preferences!\". This demonstrates a CSRF remote code execution vulnerability that could also be used for privilege escalation or data leaks (if the XWiki installation can reach remote hosts).\n\n\n### Patches\nThe problem has been patched on XWiki 14.4.7, and 14.10.\n\n### Workarounds\nThe issue can be fixed manually applying this [patch](https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/49fdfd633ddfa346c522d2fe71754dc72c9496ca).\n\n### References\n- https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20291\n- https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/49fdfd633ddfa346c522d2fe71754dc72c9496ca\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n*    Open an issue in [Jira XWiki.org](https://jira.xwiki.org/)\n*    Email us at [Security Mailing List](mailto:security@xwiki.org)\n",
  "id": "GHSA-4655-wh7v-3vmg",
  "modified": "2023-04-12T20:35:42Z",
  "published": "2023-04-12T20:35:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-4655-wh7v-3vmg"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29213"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/49fdfd633ddfa346c522d2fe71754dc72c9496ca"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20291"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-logging-ui Eval Injection vulnerability"
}

GHSA-4657-JFH7-GW67

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 21:15 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:46
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in uPress Enable Accessibility plugin <= 1.4 versions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-30484"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-25T10:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in uPress Enable Accessibility plugin \u003c=\u00a01.4 versions.",
  "id": "GHSA-4657-jfh7-gw67",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T05:46:31Z",
  "published": "2023-07-06T21:15:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30484"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/enable-accessibility/wordpress-enable-accessibility-plugin-1-4-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-465R-3GH8-MPG4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-07 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in jordan.hatch Infusionsoft Analytics allows Cross Site Request Forgery. This issue affects Infusionsoft Analytics: from n/a through 2.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-25145"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-07T10:15:19Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in jordan.hatch Infusionsoft Analytics allows Cross Site Request Forgery. This issue affects Infusionsoft Analytics: from n/a through 2.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-465r-3gh8-mpg4",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:35Z",
  "published": "2025-02-07T12:31:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25145"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/infusionsoft-web-tracker/vulnerability/wordpress-infusionsoft-analytics-plugin-2-0-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
  • Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
  • When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
  • Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
  • This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.

Mitigation
Implementation

Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.

CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)

An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.

CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing

An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.

CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification

An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.