Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-347

Allowed

Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.

1126 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-C9Q4-C3C7-WXX7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-04 09:31 – Updated: 2026-03-05 15:30
VLAI
Details

SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before version 15.0.1 does not properly verify that a PGP signature was generated by the expected key, allowing signature spoofing.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27445"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-04T09:15:56Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before version 15.0.1 does not properly verify that a PGP signature was generated by the expected key, allowing signature spoofing.",
  "id": "GHSA-c9q4-c3c7-wxx7",
  "modified": "2026-03-05T15:30:35Z",
  "published": "2026-03-04T09:31:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27445"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://downloads.seppmail.com/extrelnotes/150/ERN15.0.html#seppmail-vulnerability-disclosure"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CF5X-XCV3-5JX9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-27 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-05 00:00
VLAI
Details

The Omron SYSMAC Cx product family PLCs (CS series, CJ series, and CP series) through 2022-05-18 lack cryptographic authentication. They utilize the Omron FINS (9600/TCP) protocol for engineering purposes, including downloading projects and control logic to the PLC. This protocol has authentication flaws as reported in FSCT-2022-0057. Control logic is downloaded to PLC volatile memory using the FINS Program Area Read and Program Area Write commands or to non-volatile memory using other commands from where it can be loaded into volatile memory for execution. The logic that is loaded into and executed from the user program area exists in compiled object code form. Upon execution, these object codes are first passed to a dedicated ASIC that determines whether the object code is to be executed by the ASIC or the microprocessor. In the former case, the object code is interpreted by the ASIC whereas in the latter case the object code is passed to the microprocessor for object code interpretation by a ROM interpreter. In the abnormal case where the object code cannot be handled by either, an abnormal condition is triggered and the PLC is halted. The logic that is downloaded to the PLC does not seem to be cryptographically authenticated, thus allowing an attacker to manipulate transmitted object code to the PLC and either execute arbitrary object code commands on the ASIC or on the microprocessor interpreter.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-31207"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-07-26T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The Omron SYSMAC Cx product family PLCs (CS series, CJ series, and CP series) through 2022-05-18 lack cryptographic authentication. They utilize the Omron FINS (9600/TCP) protocol for engineering purposes, including downloading projects and control logic to the PLC. This protocol has authentication flaws as reported in FSCT-2022-0057. Control logic is downloaded to PLC volatile memory using the FINS Program Area Read and Program Area Write commands or to non-volatile memory using other commands from where it can be loaded into volatile memory for execution. The logic that is loaded into and executed from the user program area exists in compiled object code form. Upon execution, these object codes are first passed to a dedicated ASIC that determines whether the object code is to be executed by the ASIC or the microprocessor. In the former case, the object code is interpreted by the ASIC whereas in the latter case the object code is passed to the microprocessor for object code interpretation by a ROM interpreter. In the abnormal case where the object code cannot be handled by either, an abnormal condition is triggered and the PLC is halted. The logic that is downloaded to the PLC does not seem to be cryptographically authenticated, thus allowing an attacker to manipulate transmitted object code to the PLC and either execute arbitrary object code commands on the ASIC or on the microprocessor interpreter.",
  "id": "GHSA-cf5x-xcv3-5jx9",
  "modified": "2022-08-05T00:00:29Z",
  "published": "2022-07-27T00:00:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31207"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-179-02"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.forescout.com/blog"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CF86-5CG9-6496

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-03 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:47
VLAI
Details

An issue has been discovered in GitLab affecting all versions starting from 10.0 before 12.9.8, all versions starting from 12.10 before 12.10.7, all versions starting from 13.0 before 13.0.1. A user could use an unverified email as a public email and commit email by sending a specifically crafted request on user update settings.

Severity
0.0 (None)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-1204"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-03T21:15:16Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab affecting all versions starting from 10.0 before 12.9.8, all versions starting from 12.10 before 12.10.7, all versions starting from 13.0 before 13.0.1. A user could use an unverified email as a public email and commit email by sending a specifically crafted request on user update settings.",
  "id": "GHSA-cf86-5cg9-6496",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T03:47:22Z",
  "published": "2023-05-03T21:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1204"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1881598"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cves/-/blob/master/2023/CVE-2023-1204.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/394745"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CF8Q-J9H3-7237

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:12 – Updated: 2022-11-14 22:25
VLAI
Summary
Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature in Apache Netbeans
Details

The "Apache NetBeans" autoupdate system does not fully validate code signatures. An attacker could modify the downloaded nbm and include additional code. "Apache NetBeans" versions up to and including 11.2 are affected by this vulnerability. NetBeans releases before the Apache transition started may also be affected.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.codehaus.mevenide:netbeans"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "3.1.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-17561"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-14T22:25:56Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-03-30T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The \"Apache NetBeans\" autoupdate system does not fully validate code signatures. An attacker could modify the downloaded nbm and include additional code. \"Apache NetBeans\" versions up to and including 11.2 are affected by this vulnerability. NetBeans releases before the Apache transition started may also be affected.",
  "id": "GHSA-cf8q-j9h3-7237",
  "modified": "2022-11-14T22:25:56Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:12:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-17561"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rb218aa720fc525f63d91761fbf67854f454ce7a697dbbee2001ae8b1%40%3Cdev.netbeans.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature in Apache Netbeans"
}

GHSA-CF94-C7H7-GF34

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-30 00:32 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:34
VLAI
Details

A downgrade issue was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.6. An app may be able to access protected user data.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-43185"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-30T00:15:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A downgrade issue was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.6. An app may be able to access protected user data.",
  "id": "GHSA-cf94-c7h7-gf34",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:34:12Z",
  "published": "2025-07-30T00:32:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43185"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/124149"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/32"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CFGR-X6XG-MP52

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:44 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:44
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 10.3 is affected. macOS before 10.12.4 is affected. The issue involves the "Security" component. It allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions by leveraging a successful result from a SecKeyRawVerify API call with an empty signature.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-2423"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-04-02T01:59:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 10.3 is affected. macOS before 10.12.4 is affected. The issue involves the \"Security\" component. It allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions by leveraging a successful result from a SecKeyRawVerify API call with an empty signature.",
  "id": "GHSA-cfgr-x6xg-mp52",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:44:50Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:44:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2423"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/HT207615"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/HT207617"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97147"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038138"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CFH5-3GHH-WFJX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-10-17 00:05 – Updated: 2024-04-12 22:05
VLAI
Summary
Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature in org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient
Details

org.apache.http.conn.ssl.AbstractVerifier in Apache HttpComponents HttpClient before 4.3.5 and HttpAsyncClient before 4.0.2 does not properly verify that the server hostname matches a domain name in the subject's Common Name (CN) or subjectAltName field of the X.509 certificate, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof SSL servers via a "CN=" string in a field in the distinguished name (DN) of a certificate, as demonstrated by the "foo,CN=www.apache.org" string in the O field.

Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.3.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-3577"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:31:17Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2014-08-21T14:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "org.apache.http.conn.ssl.AbstractVerifier in Apache HttpComponents HttpClient before 4.3.5 and HttpAsyncClient before 4.0.2 does not properly verify that the server hostname matches a domain name in the subject\u0027s Common Name (CN) or subjectAltName field of the X.509 certificate, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof SSL servers via a \"CN=\" string in a field in the distinguished name (DN) of a certificate, as demonstrated by the \"foo,CN=www.apache.org\" string in the O field.",
  "id": "GHSA-cfh5-3ghh-wfjx",
  "modified": "2024-04-12T22:05:35Z",
  "published": "2018-10-17T00:05:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-3577"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/httpcomponents-client/commit/51cc67567765d67f878f0dcef61b5ded454d3122"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://svn.apache.org/viewvc?view=revision\u0026revision=1614064"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231027-0003"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rff42cfa5e7d75b7c1af0e37589140a8f1999e578a75738740b244bd4@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rfb87e0bf3995e7d560afeed750fac9329ff5f1ad49da365129b7f89e@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rec7160382badd3ef4ad017a22f64a266c7188b9ba71394f0d321e2d4@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd49aabd984ed540c8ff7916d4d79405f3fa311d2fdbcf9ed307839a6@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc774278135816e7afc943dc9fc78eb0764f2c84a2b96470a0187315c@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r36e44ffc1a9b365327df62cdfaabe85b9a5637de102cea07d79b2dbf@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/f9bc3e55f4e28d1dcd1a69aae6d53e609a758e34d2869b4d798e13cc@%3Cissues.drill.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/b0656d359c7d40ec9f39c8cc61bca66802ef9a2a12ee199f5b0c1442@%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/519eb0fd45642dcecd9ff74cb3e71c20a4753f7d82e2f07864b5108f@%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/httpcomponents-client"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-cfh5-3ghh-wfjx"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/95327"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/solutions/1165533"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-11/msg00032.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-11/msg00033.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/127913/Apache-HttpComponents-Man-In-The-Middle.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1146.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1166.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1833.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1834.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1835.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1836.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1891.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1892.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0125.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0158.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0675.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0720.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0765.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0850.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0851.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-1176.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-1177.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-1888.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-1773.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-1931.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2014/Aug/48"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/10/06/1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2018-4258247.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2769-1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature in org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient"
}

GHSA-CFM4-QJH2-4765

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-18 23:09 – Updated: 2022-03-18 23:09
VLAI
Summary
Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature in node-forge
Details

Impact

RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 signature verification code is lenient in checking the digest algorithm structure. This can allow a crafted structure that steals padding bytes and uses unchecked portion of the PKCS#1 encoded message to forge a signature when a low public exponent is being used.

Patches

The issue has been addressed in node-forge 1.3.0.

References

For more information, please see "Bleichenbacher's RSA signature forgery based on implementation error" by Hal Finney.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in forge * Email us at example email address

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "node-forge"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.3.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-24771"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-03-18T23:09:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-18T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nRSA PKCS#1 v1.5 signature verification code is lenient in checking the digest algorithm structure. This can allow a crafted structure that steals padding bytes and uses unchecked portion of the PKCS#1 encoded message to forge a signature when a low public exponent is being used.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe issue has been addressed in `node-forge` `1.3.0`.\n\n### References\n\nFor more information, please see\n[\"Bleichenbacher\u0027s RSA signature forgery based on implementation error\"](https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/openpgp/5rnE9ZRN1AokBVj3VqblGlP63QE/)\nby Hal Finney.\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [forge](https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge)\n* Email us at [example email address](mailto:security@digitalbazaar.com)",
  "id": "GHSA-cfm4-qjh2-4765",
  "modified": "2022-03-18T23:09:54Z",
  "published": "2022-03-18T23:09:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-cfm4-qjh2-4765"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24771"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/3f0b49a0573ef1bb7af7f5673c0cfebf00424df1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/bb822c02df0b61211836472e29b9790cc541cdb2"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature in node-forge"
}

GHSA-CG7Q-J82R-XV2M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-16 09:31 – Updated: 2026-01-16 09:31
VLAI
Details

There is a vulnerability in the Supermicro BMC firmware validation logic at Supermicro MBD-X13SEM-F . An attacker can update the system firmware with a specially crafted image.

Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12007"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-16T09:15:59Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "There is a vulnerability in the Supermicro BMC firmware validation logic at Supermicro MBD-X13SEM-F . An attacker can update the system firmware with a specially crafted image.",
  "id": "GHSA-cg7q-j82r-xv2m",
  "modified": "2026-01-16T09:31:21Z",
  "published": "2026-01-16T09:31:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12007"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.supermicro.com/en/support/security_BMC_IPMI_Jan_2026"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CH3C-V47X-4PGP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-29 17:36 – Updated: 2023-08-29 17:36
VLAI
Summary
Cleartext Signed Message Signature Spoofing in openpgp
Details

Impact

OpenPGP Cleartext Signed Messages are cryptographically signed messages where the signed text is readable without special tools:

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA256

This text is signed.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----

wnUEARMIACcFgmTkrNAJkInXCgj0fgcIFiEE1JlKzzDGQxZmmHkYidcKCPR+
BwgAAKXDAQDWGhI7tPbhB+jlKwe4+yPJ+9X8aWDUG60XFNi/w8T7ZgEAsAGd
WJrkm/H5AXGZsqyqqO6IWGF0geTCd4mWm/CsveM=
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

These messages typically contain a "Hash: ..." header declaring the hash algorithm used to compute the signature digest. OpenPGP.js up to v5.9.0 ignored any data preceding the "Hash: ..." texts when verifying the signature. As a result, malicious parties could add arbitrary text to a third-party Cleartext Signed Message, to lead the victim to believe that the arbitrary text was signed.

A user or application is vulnerable to said attack vector if it verifies the CleartextMessage by only checking the returned verified property, discarding the associated data information, and instead visually trusting the contents of the original message:

const cleartextMessage = `
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
This text is not signed but you might think it is. Hash: SHA256

This text is signed.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----

wnUEARMIACcFgmTkrNAJkInXCgj0fgcIFiEE1JlKzzDGQxZmmHkYidcKCPR+
BwgAAKXDAQDWGhI7tPbhB+jlKwe4+yPJ+9X8aWDUG60XFNi/w8T7ZgEAsAGd
WJrkm/H5AXGZsqyqqO6IWGF0geTCd4mWm/CsveM=
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
`;
const message = await openpgp.readCleartextMessage({ cleartextMessage });
const verificationResult = await verifyCleartextMessage({ message, verificationKeys });
console.log(await verificationResult.verified); // output: true
console.log(verificationResult.data); // output: 'This text is signed.'

Since verificationResult.data would always contain the actual signed data, users and apps that check this information are not vulnerable. Similarly, given a CleartextMessage object, retrieving the data using getText() or the text field returns only the contents that are considered when verifying the signature. Finally, re-armoring a CleartextMessage object (using armor() will also result in a "sanitised" version, with the extraneous text being removed. Because of this, we consider the vulnerability impact to be very limited when the CleartextMessage is processed programmatically; this is reflected in the Severity CVSS assessment, specifically in the scope's score ("Unchanged").

Patches

  • v5.10.1 (current stable version) will reject messages when calling openpgp.readCleartextMessage()
  • v4.10.11 (legacy version) will reject messages when calling openpgp.cleartext.readArmored()

Workarounds

Check the contents of verificationResult.data to see what data was actually signed, rather than visually trusting the contents of the armored message.

References

Similar CVE: https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/advisory/cleartext-message-spoofing-in-go-cryptography-libraries-cve-2019-11841/

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openpgp"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.10.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openpgp"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.10.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-41037"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-29T17:36:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-08-29T17:15:13Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nOpenPGP Cleartext Signed Messages are cryptographically signed messages where the signed text is readable without special tools:\n\n```\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA256\n\nThis text is signed.\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\n\nwnUEARMIACcFgmTkrNAJkInXCgj0fgcIFiEE1JlKzzDGQxZmmHkYidcKCPR+\nBwgAAKXDAQDWGhI7tPbhB+jlKwe4+yPJ+9X8aWDUG60XFNi/w8T7ZgEAsAGd\nWJrkm/H5AXGZsqyqqO6IWGF0geTCd4mWm/CsveM=\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n```\nThese messages typically contain a \"Hash: ...\" header declaring the hash algorithm used to compute the signature digest.\nOpenPGP.js up to v5.9.0 ignored any data preceding the \"Hash: ...\" texts when verifying the signature. As a result, malicious parties could add arbitrary text to a third-party Cleartext Signed Message, to lead the victim to believe that the arbitrary text was signed.\n\nA user or application is vulnerable to said attack vector if it verifies the CleartextMessage by only checking the returned `verified` property, discarding the associated `data` information, and instead _visually trusting_ the contents of the original message:\n\n```js\nconst cleartextMessage = `\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nThis text is not signed but you might think it is. Hash: SHA256\n\nThis text is signed.\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\n\nwnUEARMIACcFgmTkrNAJkInXCgj0fgcIFiEE1JlKzzDGQxZmmHkYidcKCPR+\nBwgAAKXDAQDWGhI7tPbhB+jlKwe4+yPJ+9X8aWDUG60XFNi/w8T7ZgEAsAGd\nWJrkm/H5AXGZsqyqqO6IWGF0geTCd4mWm/CsveM=\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n`;\nconst message = await openpgp.readCleartextMessage({ cleartextMessage });\nconst verificationResult = await verifyCleartextMessage({ message, verificationKeys });\nconsole.log(await verificationResult.verified); // output: true\nconsole.log(verificationResult.data); // output: \u0027This text is signed.\u0027\n```\nSince `verificationResult.data` would always contain the actual signed data, users and apps that check this information are not vulnerable.\nSimilarly, given a CleartextMessage object, retrieving the data using `getText()` or the `text` field returns only the contents that are considered when verifying the signature.\nFinally, re-armoring a CleartextMessage object (using `armor()` will also result in a \"sanitised\" version, with the extraneous text being removed.\nBecause of this, we consider the vulnerability impact to be very limited when the CleartextMessage is processed programmatically; this is reflected in the Severity CVSS assessment, specifically in the scope\u0027s score (\"Unchanged\").\n\n### Patches\n- v5.10.1 (current stable version) will reject messages when calling `openpgp.readCleartextMessage()`\n- v4.10.11 (legacy version) will reject messages when calling `openpgp.cleartext.readArmored()`\n\n### Workarounds\nCheck the contents of `verificationResult.data` to see what data was actually signed, rather than visually trusting the contents of the armored message.\n\n### References\nSimilar CVE: https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/advisory/cleartext-message-spoofing-in-go-cryptography-libraries-cve-2019-11841/\n",
  "id": "GHSA-ch3c-v47x-4pgp",
  "modified": "2023-08-29T17:36:40Z",
  "published": "2023-08-29T17:36:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs/security/advisories/GHSA-ch3c-v47x-4pgp"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41037"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs/commit/6b43e02a254853f5ff508ebd1b07541f78b7c566"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs/releases/tag/v4.10.11"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs/releases/tag/v5.10.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Cleartext Signed Message Signature Spoofing in openpgp"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-463: Padding Oracle Crypto Attack

An adversary is able to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key if a target system leaks data on whether or not a padding error happened while decrypting the ciphertext. A target system that leaks this type of information becomes the padding oracle and an adversary is able to make use of that oracle to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key by issuing on average 128*b calls to the padding oracle (where b is the number of bytes in the ciphertext block). In addition to performing decryption, an adversary is also able to produce valid ciphertexts (i.e., perform encryption) by using the padding oracle, all without knowing the encryption key.

CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation

An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.

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