CWE-319
AllowedCleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.
1147 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JV2F-HVVH-4HW3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:06 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:06Trend Micro ServerProtect for Linux 3.0 before CP 1531 allows attackers to eavesdrop and tamper with updates by leveraging unencrypted communications with update servers.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-9035"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-26T01:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Trend Micro ServerProtect for Linux 3.0 before CP 1531 allows attackers to eavesdrop and tamper with updates by leveraging unencrypted communications with update servers.",
"id": "GHSA-jv2f-hvvh-4hw3",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:06:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:06:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9035"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/1117411"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.coresecurity.com/advisories/trend-micro-serverprotect-multiple-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/142645/Trend-Micro-ServerProtect-Disclosure-CSRF-XSS.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2017/May/91"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038548"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JVXV-VPHC-73RG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:22 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:22If Thunderbird is configured to use STARTTLS for an IMAP server, and the server sends a PREAUTH response, then Thunderbird will continue with an unencrypted connection, causing email data to be sent without protection. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 68.9.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-12398"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-311",
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-09T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "If Thunderbird is configured to use STARTTLS for an IMAP server, and the server sends a PREAUTH response, then Thunderbird will continue with an unencrypted connection, causing email data to be sent without protection. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird \u003c 68.9.0.",
"id": "GHSA-jvxv-vphc-73rg",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:22:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:22:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12398"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1613623"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4421-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2020-22"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JW28-8R7J-MR5P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-20 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-24 19:00On specific hardware platforms, on BIG-IP versions 16.1.x before 16.1.3.1, 15.1.x before 15.1.7, 14.1.x before 14.1.5.1, and all versions of 13.1.x, while Intel QAT (QuickAssist Technology) and the AES-GCM/CCM cipher is in use, undisclosed conditions can cause BIG-IP to send data unencrypted even with an SSL Profile applied.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41983"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-19T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "On specific hardware platforms, on BIG-IP versions 16.1.x before 16.1.3.1, 15.1.x before 15.1.7, 14.1.x before 14.1.5.1, and all versions of 13.1.x, while Intel QAT (QuickAssist Technology) and the AES-GCM/CCM cipher is in use, undisclosed conditions can cause BIG-IP to send data unencrypted even with an SSL Profile applied.",
"id": "GHSA-jw28-8r7j-mr5p",
"modified": "2022-10-24T19:00:22Z",
"published": "2022-10-20T12:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41983"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K31523465"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JWQM-C9F2-2CQ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-04-15 16:19 – Updated: 2021-12-03 14:33Eclipse hawkBit versions prior to 0.3.0M2 resolved Maven build artifacts for the Vaadin based UI over HTTP instead of HTTPS. Any of these dependent artifacts could have been maliciously compromised by a MITM attack. Hence produced build artifacts of hawkBit might be infected.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-autoconfigure"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-ui"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-parent"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-starters"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-boot-starter"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-update-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-boot-starter-mgmt-ui"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-boot-starter-mgmt-api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-boot-starter-dmf-api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0M1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.hawkbit:hawkbit-boot-starter-ddi-api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319",
"CWE-494",
"CWE-829"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-12-03T14:33:13Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Eclipse hawkBit versions prior to 0.3.0M2 resolved Maven build artifacts for the Vaadin based UI over HTTP instead of HTTPS. Any of these dependent artifacts could have been maliciously compromised by a MITM attack. Hence produced build artifacts of hawkBit might be infected.",
"id": "GHSA-jwqm-c9f2-2cq3",
"modified": "2021-12-03T14:33:13Z",
"published": "2019-04-15T16:19:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10240"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jwqm-c9f2-2cq3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information, Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere , and Download of Code Without Integrity Check in Eclipse hawkBit "
}
GHSA-JX6J-76GR-QFQF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-25 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-29 18:31This issue was addressed by using HTTPS when sending information over the network. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.5, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, tvOS 15.6, watchOS 8.7. A user in a privileged network position can track a user’s activity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-32857"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-24T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This issue was addressed by using HTTPS when sending information over the network. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.5, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, tvOS 15.6, watchOS 8.7. A user in a privileged network position can track a user\u2019s activity.",
"id": "GHSA-jx6j-76gr-qfqf",
"modified": "2025-05-29T18:31:08Z",
"published": "2022-08-25T00:00:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32857"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213340"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213342"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213343"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213346"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JXQF-888Q-RFRH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-30 21:31 – Updated: 2026-06-30 21:31IBM watsonx.data intelligence 5.2.0, 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.3.0 transmits data in clear text that could allow an attacker to obtain sensitive information using man in the middle techniques.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-36336"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-30T21:16:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM watsonx.data intelligence 5.2.0, 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.3.0 transmits data in clear text that could allow an attacker to obtain sensitive information using man in the middle techniques.",
"id": "GHSA-jxqf-888q-rfrh",
"modified": "2026-06-30T21:31:45Z",
"published": "2026-06-30T21:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-36336"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7277801"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M2CR-JXG8-PR4V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-10 21:30 – Updated: 2024-06-12 18:30Multiple LDAP injections vulnerabilities exist in SecurEnvoy MFA before 9.4.514 due to improper validation of user-supplied input. An unauthenticated remote attacker could exfiltrate data from Active Directory through blind LDAP injection attacks against the DESKTOP service exposed on the /secserver HTTP endpoint. This may include ms-Mcs-AdmPwd, which has a cleartext password for the Local Administrator Password Solution (LAPS) feature.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-37393"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319",
"CWE-89"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-10T20:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple LDAP injections vulnerabilities exist in SecurEnvoy MFA before 9.4.514 due to improper validation of user-supplied input. An unauthenticated remote attacker could exfiltrate data from Active Directory through blind LDAP injection attacks against the DESKTOP service exposed on the /secserver HTTP endpoint. This may include ms-Mcs-AdmPwd, which has a cleartext password for the Local Administrator Password Solution (LAPS) feature.",
"id": "GHSA-m2cr-jxg8-pr4v",
"modified": "2024-06-12T18:30:40Z",
"published": "2024-06-10T21:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37393"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-ada2/ad2ce8fa-42a0-4371-ad18-5d1d1c488b22"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://securenvoy.com/support"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.optistream.io/blogs/tech/securenvoy-cve-2024-37393"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M376-RJRP-X9HG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-15 00:30 – Updated: 2022-12-20 15:30IBM Spectrum Protect Plus 10.1.0 through 10.1.12 discloses sensitive information due to unencrypted data being used in the communication flow between Spectrum Protect Plus vSnap and its agents. An attacker could obtain information using main in the middle techniques. IBM X-Force ID: 182106.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-4497"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-14T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Spectrum Protect Plus 10.1.0 through 10.1.12 discloses sensitive information due to unencrypted data being used in the communication flow between Spectrum Protect Plus vSnap and its agents. An attacker could obtain information using main in the middle techniques. IBM X-Force ID: 182106.",
"id": "GHSA-m376-rjrp-x9hg",
"modified": "2022-12-20T15:30:37Z",
"published": "2022-12-15T00:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-4497"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/182106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6847627"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M3G7-WRRQ-V5C8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-05 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-11 20:55Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute in GitHub repository pyload/pyload prior to 0.5.0b3.dev32. The Secure attribute for sensitive cookies in HTTPS sessions is not set, which could cause the user agent to send those cookies in plaintext over an HTTP session. This issue is patched in version 0.5.0b3.dev32.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "pyload-ng"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.5.0b3.dev32"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0055"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319",
"CWE-614"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-06T23:11:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-04T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without \u0027Secure\u0027 Attribute in GitHub repository pyload/pyload prior to 0.5.0b3.dev32. The Secure attribute for sensitive cookies in HTTPS sessions is not set, which could cause the user agent to send those cookies in plaintext over an HTTP session. This issue is patched in version 0.5.0b3.dev32.",
"id": "GHSA-m3g7-wrrq-v5c8",
"modified": "2023-01-11T20:55:00Z",
"published": "2023-01-05T00:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0055"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pyload/pyload/commit/7b53b8d43c2c072b457dcd19c8a09bcfc3721703"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pyload/pyload"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/ed88e240-99ff-48a1-bf32-8e1ef5f13cce"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Pyload contains Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without \u0027Secure\u0027 Attribute"
}
GHSA-M3MP-3M5H-PM9M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-10 18:30 – Updated: 2026-06-01 15:30Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information in the SICK ICR890-4 could allow a remote attacker to gather sensitive information by intercepting network traffic that is not encrypted.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3272"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-10T16:15:55Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information in the SICK ICR890-4 could allow a\nremote attacker to gather sensitive information by intercepting network traffic that is not encrypted.",
"id": "GHSA-m3mp-3m5h-pm9m",
"modified": "2026-06-01T15:30:31Z",
"published": "2023-07-10T18:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3272"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2023/sca-2023-0006.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2023/sca-2023-0006.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/psirt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Before transmitting, encrypt the data using reliable, confidentiality-protecting cryptographic protocols.
Mitigation
When using web applications with SSL, use SSL for the entire session from login to logout, not just for the initial login page.
Mitigation
When designing hardware platforms, ensure that approved encryption algorithms (such as those recommended by NIST) protect paths from security critical data to trusted user applications.
Mitigation
Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.
Mitigation
Configure servers to use encrypted channels for communication, which may include SSL or other secure protocols.
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-117: Interception
An adversary monitors data streams to or from the target for information gathering purposes. This attack may be undertaken to solely gather sensitive information or to support a further attack against the target. This attack pattern can involve sniffing network traffic as well as other types of data streams (e.g. radio). The adversary can attempt to initiate the establishment of a data stream or passively observe the communications as they unfold. In all variants of this attack, the adversary is not the intended recipient of the data stream. In contrast to other means of gathering information (e.g., targeting data leaks), the adversary must actively position themself so as to observe explicit data channels (e.g. network traffic) and read the content. However, this attack differs from a Adversary-In-the-Middle (CAPEC-94) attack, as the adversary does not alter the content of the communications nor forward data to the intended recipient.
CAPEC-383: Harvesting Information via API Event Monitoring
An adversary hosts an event within an application framework and then monitors the data exchanged during the course of the event for the purpose of harvesting any important data leaked during the transactions. One example could be harvesting lists of usernames or userIDs for the purpose of sending spam messages to those users. One example of this type of attack involves the adversary creating an event within the sub-application. Assume the adversary hosts a "virtual sale" of rare items. As other users enter the event, the attacker records via AiTM (CAPEC-94) proxy the user_ids and usernames of everyone who attends. The adversary would then be able to spam those users within the application using an automated script.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.