Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-319

Allowed

Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.

1147 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-5M95-8M7X-3GCP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 00:07 – Updated: 2024-01-25 21:32
VLAI
Details

Joomla! 1.5.8 does not set the secure flag for the session cookie in an https session, which makes it easier for remote attackers to capture this cookie by intercepting its transmission within an http session.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-4122"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-12-19T17:30:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Joomla! 1.5.8 does not set the secure flag for the session cookie in an https session, which makes it easier for remote attackers to capture this cookie by intercepting its transmission within an http session.",
  "id": "GHSA-5m95-8m7x-3gcp",
  "modified": "2024-01-25T21:32:10Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T00:07:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-4122"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://int21.de/cve/CVE-2008-4122-joomla.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/4794"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/499295/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/499354/100/0/threaded"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5PG8-F89X-WJCX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:10 – Updated: 2023-01-14 05:22
VLAI
Summary
Credentials transmitted in plain text by Jenkins Logstash Plugin
Details

Logstash Plugin stores credentials in its global configuration file jenkins.plugins.logstash.LogstashConfiguration.xml on the Jenkins controller as part of its configuration.

While the credentials are stored encrypted on disk, they are transmitted in plain text as part of the configuration form by Logstash Plugin 2.3.1 and earlier. This can result in exposure of the credential through browser extensions, cross-site scripting vulnerabilities, and similar situations.

Logstash Plugin 2.3.2 transmits the credentials in its global configuration encrypted.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:logstash"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-2143"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-14T05:22:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-03-09T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Logstash Plugin stores credentials in its global configuration file `jenkins.plugins.logstash.LogstashConfiguration.xml` on the Jenkins controller as part of its configuration.\n\nWhile the credentials are stored encrypted on disk, they are transmitted in plain text as part of the configuration form by Logstash Plugin 2.3.1 and earlier. This can result in exposure of the credential through browser extensions, cross-site scripting vulnerabilities, and similar situations.\n\nLogstash Plugin 2.3.2 transmits the credentials in its global configuration encrypted.",
  "id": "GHSA-5pg8-f89x-wjcx",
  "modified": "2023-01-14T05:22:47Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:10:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-2143"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/logstash-plugin/commit/b42d5c116473d11c79ebd2ff24e2643b9bce14d6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/logstash-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2020-03-09/#SECURITY-1516"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/03/09/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Credentials transmitted in plain text by Jenkins Logstash Plugin"
}

GHSA-5PRV-Q7HH-R3FG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:12 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:12
VLAI
Details

A Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information vulnerability in B. Braun SpaceCom2 prior to 012U000062 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information by snooping on the network traffic. The exposed data includes critical values for a pump's internal configuration.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-33883"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-25T12:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information vulnerability in B. Braun SpaceCom2 prior to 012U000062 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information by snooping on the network traffic. The exposed data includes critical values for a pump\u0027s internal configuration.",
  "id": "GHSA-5prv-q7hh-r3fg",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:12:13Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:12:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33883"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.bbraunusa.com/en.htm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/enterprise/mcafee-enterprise-atr/mcafee-enterprise-atr-uncovers-vulnerabilities-in-globally-used-b-braun-infusion-pump"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-5Q66-V53Q-PM35

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-12 21:10 – Updated: 2023-09-12 21:10
VLAI
Summary
Keycloak vulnerable to Plaintext Storage of User Password
Details

A flaw was discovered in Keycloak Core package. When a user registers itself through registration flow, the "password" and "password-confirm" field from the form will occur as regular attributes in the users attributes. The password is also created, but the user attributes must not be there. This way, any entities (all users and clients with proper rights/roles) are able to retrieve the users passwords in clear-text.

Impact

Passwords for self-registered users are stored as cleartext attributes associated with the user.

Mitigation

Disable self-registration for users in all realms until patched.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.keycloak:keycloak-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "22.0.2"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "22.0.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "22.0.2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-4918"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-256",
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-09-12T21:10:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-09-12T20:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was discovered in Keycloak Core package.  When a user registers itself through registration flow, the \"password\" and \"password-confirm\" field from the form will occur as regular attributes in the users attributes. The password is also created, but the user attributes must not be there. This way, any entities (all users and clients with proper rights/roles) are able to retrieve the users passwords in clear-text. \n\n### Impact\nPasswords for self-registered users are stored as cleartext attributes associated with the user. \n\n### Mitigation\nDisable self-registration for users in all realms until patched.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-5q66-v53q-pm35",
  "modified": "2023-09-12T21:10:37Z",
  "published": "2023-09-12T21:10:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/security/advisories/GHSA-5q66-v53q-pm35"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4918"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-4918"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2238588"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Keycloak vulnerable to Plaintext Storage of User Password"
}

GHSA-5QP3-6WRQ-9GX4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:45 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:45
VLAI
Details

An API Privilege vulnerability in Cisco TelePresence Server Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to emulate Cisco TelePresence Server endpoints. Affected Products: This vulnerability affects Cisco TelePresence Server MSE 8710 Processors that are running a software release prior to Cisco TelePresence Software Release 4.3 and are running in locally managed mode. The vulnerable API was deprecated in Cisco TelePresence Software Release 4.3. More Information: CSCvc37616.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-3815"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-03-17T22:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An API Privilege vulnerability in Cisco TelePresence Server Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to emulate Cisco TelePresence Server endpoints. Affected Products: This vulnerability affects Cisco TelePresence Server MSE 8710 Processors that are running a software release prior to Cisco TelePresence Software Release 4.3 and are running in locally managed mode. The vulnerable API was deprecated in Cisco TelePresence Software Release 4.3. More Information: CSCvc37616.",
  "id": "GHSA-5qp3-6wrq-9gx4",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:45:55Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:45:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-3815"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20170315-tps"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96922"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038035"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5R6P-6VXG-QVCC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:03
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Couchbase Server 5.x and 6.x before 6.5.2 and 6.6.x before 6.6.2. Internal users with administrator privileges, @cbq-engine-cbauth and @index-cbauth, leak credentials in cleartext in the indexer.log file when they make a /listCreateTokens, /listRebalanceTokens, or /listMetadataTokens call.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-25643"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-26T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Couchbase Server 5.x and 6.x before 6.5.2 and 6.6.x before 6.6.2. Internal users with administrator privileges, @cbq-engine-cbauth and @index-cbauth, leak credentials in cleartext in the indexer.log file when they make a /listCreateTokens, /listRebalanceTokens, or /listMetadataTokens call.",
  "id": "GHSA-5r6p-6vxg-qvcc",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:03:15Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:03:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25643"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.couchbase.com/resources/security#SecurityAlerts"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-5RPW-FG4Q-7WJ5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-22 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:52
VLAI
Details

IBM Cognos Dashboards on Cloud Pak for Data 4.7.0 exposes sensitive information in container images which could lead to further attacks against the system. IBM X-Force ID: 260730.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-38275"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-22T01:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "IBM Cognos Dashboards on Cloud Pak for Data 4.7.0 exposes sensitive information in container images which could lead to further attacks against the system.  IBM X-Force ID:  260730.",
  "id": "GHSA-5rpw-fg4q-7wj5",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T08:52:37Z",
  "published": "2023-10-22T03:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38275"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/260735"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7031207"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5VXX-C285-PCQ4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-21 16:17 – Updated: 2025-04-23 14:41
VLAI
Summary
In Cilium, packets from terminating endpoints may not be encrypted in Wireguard-enabled clusters
Details

Impact

When using Wireguard transparent encryption in a Cilium cluster, packets that originate from a terminating endpoint can leave the source node without encryption due to a race condition in how traffic is processed by Cilium.

Patches

This issue has been patched in https://github.com/cilium/cilium/pull/38592.

This issue affects:

  • Cilium v1.15 between v1.15.0 and v1.15.15 inclusive
  • Cilium v1.16 between v1.16.0 and v1.16.8 inclusive
  • Cilium v1.17 between v1.17.0 and v1.17.2 inclusive

This issue is fixed in:

  • Cilium v1.15.16
  • Cilium v1.16.9
  • Cilium v1.17.3

Workarounds

There is no workaround to this issue.

Acknowledgements

The Cilium community has worked together with members of Isovalent to prepare these mitigations. Special thanks to @gandro and @pippolo84 for reporting this issue and to @julianwiedmann for the patch.

For more information

If you think you have found a vulnerability affecting Cilium, we strongly encourage you to report it to our security mailing list at security@cilium.io. This is a private mailing list for the Cilium security team, and your report will be treated as top priority.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/cilium/cilium"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.13.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.15.16"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/cilium/cilium"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.16.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.16.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/cilium/cilium"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.17.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.17.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-32793"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319",
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-21T16:17:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-21T16:15:54Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nWhen using [Wireguard transparent encryption](https://docs.cilium.io/en/stable/security/network/encryption-wireguard/#encryption-wg) in a Cilium cluster, packets that originate from a terminating endpoint can leave the source node without encryption due to a race condition in how traffic is processed by Cilium.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis issue has been patched in https://github.com/cilium/cilium/pull/38592.\n\nThis issue affects:\n\n- Cilium v1.15 between v1.15.0 and v1.15.15 inclusive\n- Cilium v1.16 between v1.16.0 and v1.16.8 inclusive\n- Cilium v1.17 between v1.17.0 and v1.17.2 inclusive\n\nThis issue is fixed in:\n\n- Cilium v1.15.16\n- Cilium v1.16.9\n- Cilium v1.17.3\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no workaround to this issue.\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nThe Cilium community has worked together with members of Isovalent to prepare these mitigations. Special thanks to @gandro  and @pippolo84 for reporting this issue and to @julianwiedmann for the patch.\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you think you have found a vulnerability affecting Cilium, we strongly encourage you to report it to our security mailing list at [security@cilium.io](mailto:security@cilium.io). This is a private mailing list for the Cilium security team, and your report will be treated as top priority.",
  "id": "GHSA-5vxx-c285-pcq4",
  "modified": "2025-04-23T14:41:18Z",
  "published": "2025-04-21T16:17:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/security/advisories/GHSA-5vxx-c285-pcq4"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32793"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/pull/38592"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/commit/e8543eef05126e9ba8a845dc74e96f4e30f6dba9"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "In Cilium, packets from terminating endpoints may not be encrypted in Wireguard-enabled clusters"
}

GHSA-5WH7-V399-9G5Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:07 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:07
VLAI
Details

UCWeb UC Browser 7.0.185.1002 on Windows uses HTTP for downloading certain PDF modules, which allows MITM attacks.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-10250"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-03-28T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "UCWeb UC Browser 7.0.185.1002 on Windows uses HTTP for downloading certain PDF modules, which allows MITM attacks.",
  "id": "GHSA-5wh7-v399-9g5q",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:07:57Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:07:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10250"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/uc-browser-for-android-desktop-exposes-500-million-users-to-mitm-attacks"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5WMM-CG84-839P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-31 12:30 – Updated: 2023-12-31 12:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been identified in OnCell G3150A-LTE Series firmware versions v1.3 and prior. The vulnerability results from a lack of protection for sensitive information during transmission. An attacker eavesdropping on the traffic between the web browser and server may obtain sensitive information.

This type of attack could be executed to gather sensitive information or to facilitate a subsequent attack against the target.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-6094"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-31T10:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "\nA vulnerability has been identified in OnCell G3150A-LTE Series firmware versions v1.3 and prior.  The vulnerability results from a lack of protection for sensitive information during transmission. An attacker eavesdropping on the traffic between the web browser and server may obtain sensitive information. \n\nThis type of attack could be executed to gather sensitive information or to facilitate a subsequent attack against the target.\n\n\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-5wmm-cg84-839p",
  "modified": "2023-12-31T12:30:31Z",
  "published": "2023-12-31T12:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6094"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/support/product-support/security-advisory/oncell-g3150a-lte-series-multiple-web-application-vulnerabilities-and-security-enhancement"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Before transmitting, encrypt the data using reliable, confidentiality-protecting cryptographic protocols.

Mitigation
Implementation

When using web applications with SSL, use SSL for the entire session from login to logout, not just for the initial login page.

Mitigation
Implementation

When designing hardware platforms, ensure that approved encryption algorithms (such as those recommended by NIST) protect paths from security critical data to trusted user applications.

Mitigation
Testing

Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.

Mitigation
Operation

Configure servers to use encrypted channels for communication, which may include SSL or other secure protocols.

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-117: Interception

An adversary monitors data streams to or from the target for information gathering purposes. This attack may be undertaken to solely gather sensitive information or to support a further attack against the target. This attack pattern can involve sniffing network traffic as well as other types of data streams (e.g. radio). The adversary can attempt to initiate the establishment of a data stream or passively observe the communications as they unfold. In all variants of this attack, the adversary is not the intended recipient of the data stream. In contrast to other means of gathering information (e.g., targeting data leaks), the adversary must actively position themself so as to observe explicit data channels (e.g. network traffic) and read the content. However, this attack differs from a Adversary-In-the-Middle (CAPEC-94) attack, as the adversary does not alter the content of the communications nor forward data to the intended recipient.

CAPEC-383: Harvesting Information via API Event Monitoring

An adversary hosts an event within an application framework and then monitors the data exchanged during the course of the event for the purpose of harvesting any important data leaked during the transactions. One example could be harvesting lists of usernames or userIDs for the purpose of sending spam messages to those users. One example of this type of attack involves the adversary creating an event within the sub-application. Assume the adversary hosts a "virtual sale" of rare items. As other users enter the event, the attacker records via AiTM (CAPEC-94) proxy the user_ids and usernames of everyone who attends. The adversary would then be able to spam those users within the application using an automated script.

CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content

An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.

CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code

An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.