CWE-294
AllowedAuthentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).
342 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-GQV6-PWCG-87R8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-19 20:47 – Updated: 2026-06-19 20:47Impact
The attacker, with one captured signed SOAP envelope from a victim and no other privileges, can invoke arbitrary operations on the service as the victim principal for the lifetime of the captured signing key. There is no rate limit on replays. The DetectReplays setting on transport-security bindings does not mitigate the issue because the attack does not reuse the original timestamp — the fresh timestamp in the wsse:Security header is what the replay-detection logic inspects.
Patches
Fixed in CoreWCF v1.8.1 and v1.9.1
Workarounds
Ensure communication is protected by SSL/TLS to prevent capturing of signed SOAP envelope.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "CoreWCF.Primitives"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.8.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "CoreWCF.Primitives"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.9.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.9.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-54783"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294",
"CWE-345",
"CWE-347"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-19T20:47:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe attacker, with one captured signed SOAP envelope from a victim and no other privileges, can invoke arbitrary operations on the service as the victim principal for the lifetime of the captured signing key. There is no rate limit on replays. The DetectReplays setting on transport-security bindings does not mitigate the issue because the attack does not reuse the original timestamp \u2014 the fresh timestamp in the wsse:Security header is what the replay-detection logic inspects.\n\n### Patches\nFixed in CoreWCF v1.8.1 and v1.9.1\n\n### Workarounds\nEnsure communication is protected by SSL/TLS to prevent capturing of signed SOAP envelope.",
"id": "GHSA-gqv6-pwcg-87r8",
"modified": "2026-06-19T20:47:14Z",
"published": "2026-06-19T20:47:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/CoreWCF/CoreWCF/security/advisories/GHSA-gqv6-pwcg-87r8"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/CoreWCF/CoreWCF"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "CoreWCF: XML Signature Wrapping in WS-Security endorsing/supporting signature verification allows replay of captured signed messages"
}
GHSA-GV37-4VJV-96XM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36An issue was discovered on Samsung mobile devices with O(8.x), P(9.0), and Q(10.0) (Exynos chipsets) software. They allow attackers to conduct RPMB state-change attacks because an unauthorized RPMB write operation can be replayed, a related issue to CVE-2020-13799. The Samsung ID is SVE-2020-18100 (December 2020).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-35551"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-18T09:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on Samsung mobile devices with O(8.x), P(9.0), and Q(10.0) (Exynos chipsets) software. They allow attackers to conduct RPMB state-change attacks because an unauthorized RPMB write operation can be replayed, a related issue to CVE-2020-13799. The Samsung ID is SVE-2020-18100 (December 2020).",
"id": "GHSA-gv37-4vjv-96xm",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-35551"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-GVC3-RHV6-6X2C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-25 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-26 19:00An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the XFINDER functionality of Abode Systems, Inc. iota All-In-One Security Kit 6.9X and 6.9Z. A specially-crafted man-in-the-middle attack can lead to increased privileges. An attacker can perform a man-in-the-middle attack to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29475"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-25T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the XFINDER functionality of Abode Systems, Inc. iota All-In-One Security Kit 6.9X and 6.9Z. A specially-crafted man-in-the-middle attack can lead to increased privileges. An attacker can perform a man-in-the-middle attack to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-gvc3-rhv6-6x2c",
"modified": "2022-10-26T19:00:39Z",
"published": "2022-10-25T19:00:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29475"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1553"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GX2R-V5M4-V5QP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-16 00:00Use of hard-coded credentials vulnerability exists in Machine automation controller NJ series all models V 1.48 and earlier, Machine automation controller NX7 series all models V1.28 and earlier, Machine automation controller NX1 series all models V1.48 and earlier, Automation software 'Sysmac Studio' all models V1.49 and earlier, and Programmable Terminal (PT) NA series NA5-15W/NA5-12W/NA5-9W/NA5-7W models Runtime V1.15 and earlier, which may allow a remote attacker who successfully obtained the user credentials by analyzing the affected product to access the controller.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34151"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-04T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Use of hard-coded credentials vulnerability exists in Machine automation controller NJ series all models V 1.48 and earlier, Machine automation controller NX7 series all models V1.28 and earlier, Machine automation controller NX1 series all models V1.48 and earlier, Automation software \u0027Sysmac Studio\u0027 all models V1.49 and earlier, and Programmable Terminal (PT) NA series NA5-15W/NA5-12W/NA5-9W/NA5-7W models Runtime V1.15 and earlier, which may allow a remote attacker who successfully obtained the user credentials by analyzing the affected product to access the controller.",
"id": "GHSA-gx2r-v5m4-v5qp",
"modified": "2022-07-16T00:00:27Z",
"published": "2022-07-05T00:00:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34151"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU97050784/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ia.omron.com/product/vulnerability/OMSR-2022-001_en.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H222-GCMC-VJFM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:26 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:26A nonce reuse vulnerability exists in the ACEView service of ALEOS before 4.13.0, 4.9.5, and 4.4.9 allowing message replay. Captured traffic to the ACEView service can be replayed to other gateways sharing the same credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-11856"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-08-21T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A nonce reuse vulnerability exists in the ACEView service of ALEOS before 4.13.0, 4.9.5, and 4.4.9 allowing message replay. Captured traffic to the ACEView service can be replayed to other gateways sharing the same credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-h222-gcmc-vjfm",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:26:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:26:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11856"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.sierrawireless.com/resources/security-bulletins/sierra-wireless-technical-bulletin---swi-psa-2020-004"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-H7H7-F9WH-XHJ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-31 12:30 – Updated: 2023-11-17 06:31VMware Tools contains a SAML token signature bypass vulnerability. A malicious actor with man-in-the-middle (MITM) network positioning between vCenter server and the virtual machine may be able to bypass SAML token signature verification, to perform VMware Tools Guest Operations.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20900"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-31T10:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "VMware Tools contains a SAML token signature bypass vulnerability.\u00a0A malicious actor with man-in-the-middle (MITM) network positioning between vCenter server and the virtual machine may be able to bypass SAML token signature verification, to perform VMware Tools Guest Operations.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-h7h7-f9wh-xhj8",
"modified": "2023-11-17T06:31:20Z",
"published": "2023-08-31T12:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20900"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00000.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NVKQ6Y2JFJRWPFOZUOTFO3H27BK5GGOG"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/TJNJMD67QIT6LXLKWSHFM47DCLRSMT6W"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZJM6HDRQYS74JA7YNKQBFH2XSZ52HEWH"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231013-0002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5493"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2023-0019.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/08/31/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/27/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H9WX-JCXV-WQP5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-30 21:30 – Updated: 2025-06-30 21:30Dell OpenManage Network Integration, versions prior to 3.8, contains an Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in the RADIUS protocol. An attacker with local network access could potentially exploit this vulnerability to forge a valid protocol accept message in response to a failed authentication request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-36593"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-30T19:15:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Dell OpenManage Network Integration, versions prior to 3.8, contains an Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in the RADIUS protocol. An attacker with local network access could potentially exploit this vulnerability to forge a valid protocol accept message in response to a failed authentication request.",
"id": "GHSA-h9wx-jcxv-wqp5",
"modified": "2025-06-30T21:30:52Z",
"published": "2025-06-30T21:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-36593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000337238/dsa-2025-257-security-update-for-dell-openmanage-network-integration-omni-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HCPX-V556-CH6P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-07 18:31 – Updated: 2024-11-07 18:31A vulnerability in Veeam Backup & Replication Enterprise Manager has been identified, which allows attackers to perform authentication bypass. Attackers must be able to perform Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attack to exploit this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-40715"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-07T17:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in Veeam Backup \u0026 Replication Enterprise Manager has been identified, which allows attackers to perform authentication bypass. Attackers must be able to perform Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attack to exploit this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-hcpx-v556-ch6p",
"modified": "2024-11-07T18:31:23Z",
"published": "2024-11-07T18:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40715"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.veeam.com/kb4682"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HF79-3HFM-MGMR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-23 21:30 – Updated: 2024-01-29 21:30The radio frequency communication protocol being used by Meross MSH30Q 4.5.23 is vulnerable to replay attacks, allowing attackers to record and replay previously captured communication to execute unauthorized commands or actions (e.g., thermostat's temperature).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-46892"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-23T21:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The radio frequency communication protocol being used by Meross MSH30Q 4.5.23 is vulnerable to replay attacks, allowing attackers to record and replay previously captured communication to execute unauthorized commands or actions (e.g., thermostat\u0027s temperature).",
"id": "GHSA-hf79-3hfm-mgmr",
"modified": "2024-01-29T21:30:27Z",
"published": "2024-01-23T21:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46892"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kth.se/cs/nse/research/software-systems-architecture-and-security/projects/ethical-hacking-1.1279219"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HHC4-5Q24-RM38
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-14 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-16 19:00Xiongmai Camera XM-JPR2-LX V4.02.R12.A6420987.10002.147502.00000 is vulnerable to account takeover.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38827"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-14T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Xiongmai Camera XM-JPR2-LX V4.02.R12.A6420987.10002.147502.00000 is vulnerable to account takeover.",
"id": "GHSA-hhc4-5q24-rm38",
"modified": "2022-11-16T19:00:25Z",
"published": "2022-11-14T12:00:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38827"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ChandlerChin/XiongmaiCamera/blob/main/Account%20takeover%20with%20traffic%20monitoring%20exploitation%20in%20XM-JPR2-LX%20device.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.
Mitigation
Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.