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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-290

Allowed

Authentication Bypass by Spoofing

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

This attack-focused weakness is caused by incorrectly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.

1046 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-8GGC-49W3-FH4R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-05 00:29 – Updated: 2024-04-03 23:57
VLAI
Details

Cache Poisoning issue exists in DNS Response Rate Limiting.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-5661"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-11-05T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cache Poisoning issue exists in DNS Response Rate Limiting.",
  "id": "GHSA-8ggc-49w3-fh4r",
  "modified": "2024-04-03T23:57:10Z",
  "published": "2022-05-05T00:29:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-5661"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2013-5661"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2013-5661"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2013-5661"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8GQJ-226H-GM8R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-06 21:18 – Updated: 2025-05-07 15:34
VLAI
Summary
Passport-wsfed-saml2 allows SAML Authentication Bypass via Attribute Smuggling
Details

Overview

This vulnerability allows an attacker to impersonate any user during SAML authentication by tampering with a valid SAML response. This can be done by adding attributes to the response.

Am I Affected?

You are affected by this SAML Attribute Smuggling vulnerability if you are using passport-wsfed-saml2 version 4.6.3 or below, specifically under the following conditions: 1. The service provider is using passport-wsfed-saml2, 2. A valid SAML Response signed by the Identity Provider can be obtained

Fix

Upgrade to v4.6.4 or greater.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.6.3"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "passport-wsfed-saml2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.5"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.6.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-46573"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-06T21:18:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-06T21:16:20Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Overview\nThis vulnerability allows an attacker to impersonate any user during SAML authentication by tampering with a valid SAML response. This can be done by adding attributes to the response.\n\n### Am I Affected?\nYou are affected by this SAML Attribute Smuggling vulnerability if you are using `passport-wsfed-saml2` version 4.6.3 or below, specifically under the following conditions:\n1. The service provider is using `passport-wsfed-saml2`, \n2. A valid SAML Response signed by the Identity Provider can be obtained\n\n### Fix\nUpgrade to v4.6.4 or greater.",
  "id": "GHSA-8gqj-226h-gm8r",
  "modified": "2025-05-07T15:34:30Z",
  "published": "2025-05-06T21:18:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/auth0/passport-wsfed-saml2/security/advisories/GHSA-8gqj-226h-gm8r"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46573"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/auth0/passport-wsfed-saml2/commit/e5cf3cc2a53748207f7a81bfba9195c8efa94181"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/auth0/passport-wsfed-saml2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Passport-wsfed-saml2 allows SAML Authentication Bypass via Attribute Smuggling"
}

GHSA-8GXC-83HW-9578

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:18 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:30
VLAI
Details

Multiple products that implement the IP Encapsulation within IP standard (RFC 2003, STD 1) decapsulate and route IP-in-IP traffic without any validation, which could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to route arbitrary traffic via an exposed network interface and lead to spoofing, access control bypass, and other unexpected network behaviors.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-10136"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-06-02T09:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Multiple products that implement the IP Encapsulation within IP standard (RFC 2003, STD 1) decapsulate and route IP-in-IP traffic without any validation, which could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to route arbitrary traffic via an exposed network interface and lead to spoofing, access control bypass, and other unexpected network behaviors.",
  "id": "GHSA-8gxc-83hw-9578",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:30:31Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:18:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10136"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6169"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/636397"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-nxos-ipip-dos-kCT9X4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.digi.com/resources/security"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/199397"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/636397"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8JGF-8R3G-HXH8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-14 06:30 – Updated: 2024-10-14 06:30
VLAI
Details

QUIC in HAProxy 3.1.x before 3.1-dev7, 3.0.x before 3.0.5, and 2.9.x before 2.9.11 allows opening a 0-RTT session with a spoofed IP address. This can bypass the IP allow/block list functionality.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-49214"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-14T04:15:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "QUIC in HAProxy 3.1.x before 3.1-dev7, 3.0.x before 3.0.5, and 2.9.x before 2.9.11 allows opening a 0-RTT session with a spoofed IP address. This can bypass the IP allow/block list functionality.",
  "id": "GHSA-8jgf-8r3g-hxh8",
  "modified": "2024-10-14T06:30:43Z",
  "published": "2024-10-14T06:30:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49214"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/haproxy/haproxy/commit/f627b9272bd8ffca6f2f898bfafc6bf0b84b7d46"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.haproxy.org/download/2.9/src/CHANGELOG"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.haproxy.org/download/3.0/src/CHANGELOG"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.haproxy.org/download/3.1/src/CHANGELOG"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mail-archive.com/haproxy%40formilux.org/msg45291.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mail-archive.com/haproxy%40formilux.org/msg45314.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mail-archive.com/haproxy%40formilux.org/msg45315.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8M27-GRG5-27VJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 21:36 – Updated: 2026-07-01 21:36
VLAI
Details

NodeBB does not bind the claimed author of an inbound ActivityPub object to the authenticated remote actor. The inbound middleware verifies the HTTP-signature actor and checks the origin of object.id, but never validates that attributedTo corresponds to the sender. In the object mock, attributedTo is used directly as a uid, and actors.assert silently ignores numeric identifiers (filtering them out without re-deriving the uid), so a federated remote actor can set attributedTo to a bare numeric value such as 1 and have the resulting post or private message created with that local uid as author, including the administrator account. This lets a remote attacker forge posts and direct messages attributed to arbitrary local users. Requires the ActivityPub/federation feature to be enabled.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-58593"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-01T20:17:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "NodeBB does not bind the claimed author of an inbound ActivityPub object to the authenticated remote actor. The inbound middleware verifies the HTTP-signature actor and checks the origin of object.id, but never validates that attributedTo corresponds to the sender. In the object mock, attributedTo is used directly as a uid, and actors.assert silently ignores numeric identifiers (filtering them out without re-deriving the uid), so a federated remote actor can set attributedTo to a bare numeric value such as 1 and have the resulting post or private message created with that local uid as author, including the administrator account. This lets a remote attacker forge posts and direct messages attributed to arbitrary local users. Requires the ActivityPub/federation feature to be enabled.",
  "id": "GHSA-8m27-grg5-27vj",
  "modified": "2026-07-01T21:36:20Z",
  "published": "2026-07-01T21:36:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58593"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/NodeBB/NodeBB/blob/v4.13.2/src/activitypub/mocks.js"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bikini/exploitarium/tree/main/nodebb-activitypub-attributedto-local-uid-spoof-poc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nodebb-activitypub-author-spoofing-via-unvalidated-attributedto-mapped-to-local-user"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8MFP-XMV3-HV35

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-10 12:30 – Updated: 2026-01-12 18:30
VLAI
Details

Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability in Apache NimBLE.

Receiving specially crafted Security Request could lead to removal of original bond and re-bond with impostor. This issue affects Apache NimBLE: through 1.8.0.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.9.0, which fixes the issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-62235"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-10T10:15:50Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability in Apache NimBLE.\n\nReceiving specially crafted Security Request could lead to removal of original bond\u00a0and re-bond with impostor.\nThis issue affects Apache NimBLE: through 1.8.0.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 1.9.0, which fixes the issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-8mfp-xmv3-hv35",
  "modified": "2026-01-12T18:30:30Z",
  "published": "2026-01-10T12:30:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62235"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/mynewt-nimble/commit/41f67e391e788c5feef9030026cc5cbc5431838a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/rw2mrpfwb9d9wmq4h4b6ctcd6gpkk2ho"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/01/08/4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8PG2-CP78-VJMV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-13 15:34 – Updated: 2026-08-13 15:34
VLAI
Details

Bluetooth re-pairing with an existing device can use a lower security level. RS9116W and SiWx91x impacted. See V3 in the BLERP paper linked below.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-19291"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-13T15:19:37Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Bluetooth re-pairing with an existing device can use a lower security level. RS9116W and SiWx91x impacted. See V3 in the BLERP paper linked below.",
  "id": "GHSA-8pg2-cp78-vjmv",
  "modified": "2026-08-13T15:34:42Z",
  "published": "2026-08-13T15:34:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-19291"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://community.silabs.com/068Vm00000x0yyH"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.silabs.com/rs9116-wiseconnect/latest/wifibt-wc-release-notes/rs9116-ble-release-notes#bug-fixes"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.silabs.com/sisdk-release-notes/latest/sisdk-wifi-release-notes/sisdk-wifible-ble-release-notes"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ndss-symposium.org/ndss-paper/blerp-ble-re-pairing-attacks-and-defenses"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8R65-JWF6-5J33

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-04 21:31 – Updated: 2025-09-04 21:31
VLAI
Details

In startLockTaskMode of LockTaskController.java, there is a possible lock screen bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to physical escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-26428"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-04T18:15:41Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "In startLockTaskMode of LockTaskController.java, there is a possible lock screen bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to physical escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-8r65-jwf6-5j33",
  "modified": "2025-09-04T21:31:37Z",
  "published": "2025-09-04T21:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26428"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/afd05dc17e027734f665ac978ad6fb4584b6fd40"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-05-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8V28-RGJQ-F5H7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-04 03:30 – Updated: 2025-12-17 21:30
VLAI
Details

An inconsistent user interface issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in watchOS 26.1, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, Safari 26.1, visionOS 26.1. Visiting a malicious website may lead to user interface spoofing.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-43503"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-04T02:15:53Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An inconsistent user interface issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in watchOS 26.1, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, Safari 26.1, visionOS 26.1. Visiting a malicious website may lead to user interface spoofing.",
  "id": "GHSA-8v28-rgjq-f5h7",
  "modified": "2025-12-17T21:30:39Z",
  "published": "2025-11-04T03:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43503"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125632"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125633"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125634"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125638"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125639"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125640"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8W95-2VQ2-PMF9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-23 03:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:31
VLAI
Details

Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability in Peter Hardy-vanDoorn Maintenance Redirect allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Maintenance Redirect: from n/a through 2.0.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-45453"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-23T01:15:11Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability in Peter Hardy-vanDoorn Maintenance Redirect allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Maintenance Redirect: from n/a through 2.0.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-8w95-2vq2-pmf9",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:31:55Z",
  "published": "2024-09-23T03:30:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45453"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/jf3-maintenance-mode/vulnerability/wordpress-maintenance-redirect-plugin-2-0-1-ip-bypass-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/jf3-maintenance-mode/wordpress-maintenance-redirect-plugin-2-0-1-ip-bypass-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers

An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.

CAPEC-461: Web Services API Signature Forgery Leveraging Hash Function Extension Weakness

An adversary utilizes a hash function extension/padding weakness, to modify the parameters passed to the web service requesting authentication by generating their own call in order to generate a legitimate signature hash (as described in the notes), without knowledge of the secret token sometimes provided by the web service.

CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof

An attacker generates a message or datablock that causes the recipient to believe that the message or datablock was generated and cryptographically signed by an authoritative or reputable source, misleading a victim or victim operating system into performing malicious actions.

CAPEC-476: Signature Spoofing by Misrepresentation

An attacker exploits a weakness in the parsing or display code of the recipient software to generate a data blob containing a supposedly valid signature, but the signer's identity is falsely represented, which can lead to the attacker manipulating the recipient software or its victim user to perform compromising actions.

CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction

This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.

CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)

This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.

CAPEC-667: Bluetooth Impersonation AttackS (BIAS)

An adversary disguises the MAC address of their Bluetooth enabled device to one for which there exists an active and trusted connection and authenticates successfully. The adversary can then perform malicious actions on the target Bluetooth device depending on the target’s capabilities.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.