CWE-290
AllowedAuthentication Bypass by Spoofing
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
This attack-focused weakness is caused by incorrectly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.
927 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3QQR-W7GM-52GV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:01 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:01An exploitable vulnerability exists in the WiFi management of Circle with Disney. A crafted Access Point with the same name as the legitimate one can be used to make Circle connect to an untrusted network. An attacker needs to setup an Access Point reachable by the device and to send a series of spoofed "deauth" packets to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-12096"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-11-07T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An exploitable vulnerability exists in the WiFi management of Circle with Disney. A crafted Access Point with the same name as the legitimate one can be used to make Circle connect to an untrusted network. An attacker needs to setup an Access Point reachable by the device and to send a series of spoofed \"deauth\" packets to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-3qqr-w7gm-52gv",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:01:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:01:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12096"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2017-0448"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3R2V-4FP3-8G3H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-04 15:31 – Updated: 2025-08-04 15:31Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.3.0.15, LTS2024 release Versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.25, LTS 2023 release versions 7.10.1.0 through 7.10.1.60, contain an Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Protection mechanism bypass. Remote unauthenticated user can create account that potentially expose customer info, affect system integrity and availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-36594"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-04T15:15:32Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.3.0.15, LTS2024 release Versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.25, LTS 2023 release versions 7.10.1.0 through 7.10.1.60, contain an Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Protection mechanism bypass. Remote unauthenticated user can create account that potentially expose customer info, affect system integrity and availability.",
"id": "GHSA-3r2v-4fp3-8g3h",
"modified": "2025-08-04T15:31:23Z",
"published": "2025-08-04T15:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-36594"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000348708/dsa-2025-159-security-update-for-dell-powerprotect-data-domain-multiple-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3V83-X3VQ-3MMV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:34When exiting fullscreen mode, an iframe could have confused the browser about the current state of fullscreen, resulting in potential user confusion or spoofing attacks. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 91.10, Firefox < 101, and Firefox ESR < 91.10.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31738"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "When exiting fullscreen mode, an iframe could have confused the browser about the current state of fullscreen, resulting in potential user confusion or spoofing attacks. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird \u003c 91.10, Firefox \u003c 101, and Firefox ESR \u003c 91.10.",
"id": "GHSA-3v83-x3vq-3mmv",
"modified": "2025-04-16T15:34:08Z",
"published": "2022-12-22T21:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31738"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1756388"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-20"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-21"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-22"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3VJ8-JMXQ-CGJ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-18 16:18 – Updated: 2026-03-20 21:28H3 NodeRequestUrl bugs
Vulnerable pieces of code :
import { H3, serve, defineHandler, getQuery, getHeaders, readBody, defineNodeHandler } from "h3";
let app = new H3()
const internalOnly = defineHandler((event, next) => {
const token = event.headers.get("x-internal-key");
if (token !== "SUPERRANDOMCANNOTBELEAKED") {
return new Response("Forbidden", { status: 403 });
}
return next();
});
const logger = defineHandler((event, next) => {
console.log("Logging : " + event.url.hostname)
return next()
})
app.use(logger);
app.use("/internal/run", internalOnly);
app.get("/internal/run", () => {
return "Internal OK";
});
serve(app, { port: 3001 });
The middleware is super safe now with just a logger and a middleware to block internal access.
But there's one problems here at the logger .
When it log out the event.url or event.url.hostname or event.url._url
It will lead to trigger one specials method
// _url.mjs FastURL
get _url() {
if (this.#url) return this.#url;
this.#url = new NativeURL(this.href);
this.#href = void 0;
this.#protocol = void 0;
this.#host = void 0;
this.#pathname = void 0;
this.#search = void 0;
this.#searchParams = void 0;
this.#pos = void 0;
return this.#url;
}
The NodeRequestUrl is extends from FastURL so when we just access .url or trying to dump all data of this class . This function will be triggered !!
And as debugging , the this.#url is null and will reach to this code :
this.#url = new NativeURL(this.href);
Where is the this.href comes from ?
get href() {
if (this.#url) return this.#url.href;
if (!this.#href) this.#href = `${this.#protocol || "http:"}//${this.#host || "localhost"}${this.#pathname || "/"}${this.#search || ""}`;
return this.#href;
}
Because the this.#url is still null so this.#href is built up by :
if (!this.#href) this.#href = `${this.#protocol || "http:"}//${this.#host || "localhost"}${this.#pathname || "/"}${this.#search || ""}`;
Yeah and this is untrusted data go . An attacker can pollute the Host header from requests lead overwrite the event.url .
Middleware bypass
What can be done with overwriting the event.url?
Audit the code we can easily realize that the routeHanlder is found before running any middlewares
handler(event) {
const route = this["~findRoute"](event);
if (route) {
event.context.params = route.params;
event.context.matchedRoute = route.data;
}
const routeHandler = route?.data.handler || NoHandler;
const middleware = this["~getMiddleware"](event, route);
return middleware.length > 0 ? callMiddleware(event, middleware, routeHandler) : routeHandler(event);
}
So the handleRoute is fixed but when checking with middleware it check with the spoofed one lead to MIDDLEWARE BYPASS
We have this poc :
import requests
url = "http://localhost:3000"
headers = {
"Host":f"localhost:3000/abchehe?"
}
res = requests.get(f"{url}/internal/run",headers=headers)
print(res.text)
This is really dangerous if some one just try to dump all the event.url or something that trigger _url() from class FastURL and need a fix immediately.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "h3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0-0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.1-rc.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33131"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-18T16:18:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-20T11:18:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "# H3 NodeRequestUrl bugs \n\nVulnerable pieces of code : \n```js\nimport { H3, serve, defineHandler, getQuery, getHeaders, readBody, defineNodeHandler } from \"h3\";\nlet app = new H3()\n\nconst internalOnly = defineHandler((event, next) =\u003e {\n const token = event.headers.get(\"x-internal-key\");\n\n if (token !== \"SUPERRANDOMCANNOTBELEAKED\") {\n return new Response(\"Forbidden\", { status: 403 });\n }\n\n return next();\n});\nconst logger = defineHandler((event, next) =\u003e {\n console.log(\"Logging : \" + event.url.hostname)\n return next() \n})\napp.use(logger);\napp.use(\"/internal/run\", internalOnly);\n\n\napp.get(\"/internal/run\", () =\u003e {\n return \"Internal OK\";\n});\n\nserve(app, { port: 3001 });\n```\n\nThe middleware is super safe now with just a logger and a middleware to block internal access.\nBut there\u0027s one problems here at the logger .\nWhen it log out the ```event.url``` or ```event.url.hostname``` or ```event.url._url```\n\nIt will lead to trigger one specials method \n\n```js \n// _url.mjs FastURL\nget _url() {\n if (this.#url) return this.#url;\n this.#url = new NativeURL(this.href);\n this.#href = void 0;\n this.#protocol = void 0;\n this.#host = void 0;\n this.#pathname = void 0;\n this.#search = void 0;\n this.#searchParams = void 0;\n this.#pos = void 0;\n return this.#url;\n}\n```\n\nThe `NodeRequestUrl` is extends from `FastURL` so when we just access ```.url``` or trying to dump all data of this class . This function will be triggered !! \n\nAnd as debugging , the `this.#url` is null and will reach to this code : \n```js\n this.#url = new NativeURL(this.href);\n```\nWhere is the `this.href` comes from ? \n```js \nget href() {\n if (this.#url) return this.#url.href;\n if (!this.#href) this.#href = `${this.#protocol || \"http:\"}//${this.#host || \"localhost\"}${this.#pathname || \"/\"}${this.#search || \"\"}`;\n return this.#href;\n}\n```\nBecause the `this.#url` is still null so `this.#href` is built up by : \n```js\nif (!this.#href) this.#href = `${this.#protocol || \"http:\"}//${this.#host || \"localhost\"}${this.#pathname || \"/\"}${this.#search || \"\"}`;\n```\nYeah and this is untrusted data go . An attacker can pollute the `Host` header from requests lead overwrite the `event.url` .\n\n# Middleware bypass\nWhat can be done with overwriting the `event.url`? \nAudit the code we can easily realize that the `routeHanlder` is found before running any middlewares \n```js\nhandler(event) {\n const route = this[\"~findRoute\"](event);\n if (route) {\n event.context.params = route.params;\n event.context.matchedRoute = route.data;\n }\n const routeHandler = route?.data.handler || NoHandler;\n const middleware = this[\"~getMiddleware\"](event, route);\n return middleware.length \u003e 0 ? callMiddleware(event, middleware, routeHandler) : routeHandler(event);\n}\n```\n\nSo the handleRoute is fixed but when checking with middleware it check with the **spoofed** one lead to **MIDDLEWARE BYPASS**\n\nWe have this poc : \n```py\nimport requests\nurl = \"http://localhost:3000\"\nheaders = {\n \"Host\":f\"localhost:3000/abchehe?\"\n}\nres = requests.get(f\"{url}/internal/run\",headers=headers)\nprint(res.text)\n```\n\nThis is really dangerous if some one just try to dump all the `event.url` or something that trigger `_url()` from class FastURL and need a fix immediately.",
"id": "GHSA-3vj8-jmxq-cgj5",
"modified": "2026-03-20T21:28:00Z",
"published": "2026-03-18T16:18:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/h3js/h3/security/advisories/GHSA-3vj8-jmxq-cgj5"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33131"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/h3js/h3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "h3 has a middleware bypass with one gadget"
}
GHSA-3VQ5-H8QX-C7QM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-04 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-04 19:01"IBM WebSphere Application Server 7.0, 8.0, 8.5, and 9.0 Web services could allow a man-in-the-middle attacker to conduct SOAPAction spoofing to execute unwanted or unauthorized operations. IBM X-Force ID: 234762."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38712"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-03T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\"IBM WebSphere Application Server 7.0, 8.0, 8.5, and 9.0 Web services could allow a man-in-the-middle attacker to conduct SOAPAction spoofing to execute unwanted or unauthorized operations. IBM X-Force ID: 234762.\"",
"id": "GHSA-3vq5-h8qx-c7qm",
"modified": "2022-11-04T19:01:16Z",
"published": "2022-11-04T12:00:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38712"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6829907"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3W23-96R5-5VC2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-05 21:30 – Updated: 2026-05-21 15:34Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability in Neutron Neutron Smart VMS allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects Neutron Smart VMS: before b1130.1.0.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4178"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-05T19:15:48Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability in Neutron Neutron Smart VMS allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects Neutron Smart VMS: before b1130.1.0.1.",
"id": "GHSA-3w23-96r5-5vc2",
"modified": "2026-05-21T15:34:00Z",
"published": "2023-09-05T21:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4178"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-23-0496"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-23-0496"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3WPV-XCVC-6543
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-18 00:00An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the libxm_av.so getpeermac() functionality of Anker Eufy Homebase 2 2.1.8.5h. A specially-crafted DHCP packet can lead to authentication bypass. An attacker can DHCP poison to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25989"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-05T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the libxm_av.so getpeermac() functionality of Anker Eufy Homebase 2 2.1.8.5h. A specially-crafted DHCP packet can lead to authentication bypass. An attacker can DHCP poison to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-3wpv-xcvc-6543",
"modified": "2022-05-18T00:00:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-06T00:00:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25989"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1479"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3X3G-JJ7X-GR2F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:47 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:37KDE kdelibs before 4.14.32 and KAuth before 5.34 allow local users to gain root privileges by spoofing a callerID and leveraging a privileged helper app.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-8422"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-17T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "KDE kdelibs before 4.14.32 and KAuth before 5.34 allow local users to gain root privileges by spoofing a callerID and leveraging a privileged helper app.",
"id": "GHSA-3x3g-jj7x-gr2f",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:37:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:47:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8422"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:1264"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1449647"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cgit.kde.org/kauth.git/commit/?id=df875f725293af53399f5146362eb158b4f9216a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cgit.kde.org/kdelibs.git/commit/?id=264e97625abe2e0334f97de17f6ffb52582888ab"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201706-29"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/42053"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kde.org/info/security/advisory-20170510-1.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3849"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/05/10/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98412"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038480"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-427C-XC35-8535
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-04 09:30 – Updated: 2024-06-04 09:30Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability in IP2Location Download IP2Location Country Blocker allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Download IP2Location Country Blocker: from n/a through 2.29.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37865"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-04T07:15:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability in IP2Location Download IP2Location Country Blocker allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Download IP2Location Country Blocker: from n/a through 2.29.1.",
"id": "GHSA-427c-xc35-8535",
"modified": "2024-06-04T09:30:56Z",
"published": "2024-06-04T09:30:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37865"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/ip2location-country-blocker/wordpress-ip2location-country-blocker-plugin-2-29-1-ip-bypass-vulnerability-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-433G-Q37H-7CRR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-28 00:00 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30Layer 2 network filtering capabilities such as IPv6 RA guard can be bypassed using combinations of VLAN 0 headers, LLC/SNAP headers, and converting frames from Ethernet to Wifi and its reverse.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-27854"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-27T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Layer 2 network filtering capabilities such as IPv6 RA guard can be bypassed using combinations of VLAN 0 headers, LLC/SNAP headers, and converting frames from Ethernet to Wifi and its reverse.",
"id": "GHSA-433g-q37h-7crr",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:27Z",
"published": "2022-09-28T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.champtar.fr/VLAN0_LLC_SNAP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-v6ops-ra-guard/08"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/855201"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.1Q/10323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.2/1048"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/855201"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers
An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.
CAPEC-461: Web Services API Signature Forgery Leveraging Hash Function Extension Weakness
An adversary utilizes a hash function extension/padding weakness, to modify the parameters passed to the web service requesting authentication by generating their own call in order to generate a legitimate signature hash (as described in the notes), without knowledge of the secret token sometimes provided by the web service.
CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof
An attacker generates a message or datablock that causes the recipient to believe that the message or datablock was generated and cryptographically signed by an authoritative or reputable source, misleading a victim or victim operating system into performing malicious actions.
CAPEC-476: Signature Spoofing by Misrepresentation
An attacker exploits a weakness in the parsing or display code of the recipient software to generate a data blob containing a supposedly valid signature, but the signer's identity is falsely represented, which can lead to the attacker manipulating the recipient software or its victim user to perform compromising actions.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-667: Bluetooth Impersonation AttackS (BIAS)
An adversary disguises the MAC address of their Bluetooth enabled device to one for which there exists an active and trusted connection and authenticates successfully. The adversary can then perform malicious actions on the target Bluetooth device depending on the target’s capabilities.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.