CWE-209
AllowedGeneration of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product generates an error message that includes sensitive information about its environment, users, or associated data.
833 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-86FW-GQVV-G24P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-18 00:30 – Updated: 2026-02-18 00:30IBM Sterling B2B Integrator versions 6.1.0.0 through 6.1.2.7_2, 6.2.0.0 through 6.2.0.5, and 6.2.1.0 through 6.2.1.1, and IBM Sterling File Gateway versions 6.1.0.0 through 6.1.2.7_2, 6.2.0.0 through 6.2.0.5, and 6.2.1.0 through 6.2.1.1 may expose sensitive information to a remote privileged attacker due to the application returning detailed technical error messages in the browser.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-36348"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-209"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-17T22:18:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Sterling B2B Integrator versions 6.1.0.0 through 6.1.2.7_2, 6.2.0.0 through 6.2.0.5, and 6.2.1.0 through 6.2.1.1, and IBM Sterling File Gateway versions 6.1.0.0 through 6.1.2.7_2, 6.2.0.0 through 6.2.0.5, and 6.2.1.0 through 6.2.1.1\u00a0may expose sensitive information to a remote privileged attacker due to the application returning detailed technical error messages in the browser.",
"id": "GHSA-86fw-gqvv-g24p",
"modified": "2026-02-18T00:30:16Z",
"published": "2026-02-18T00:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-36348"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7259769"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-86QR-C3RV-M4V3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:08 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:08IBM Security Verify Access Docker 10.0.0 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information when a detailed technical error message is returned in the browser. This information could be used in further attacks against the system. IBM X-Force ID: 197973
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20499"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-209"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-15T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Security Verify Access Docker 10.0.0 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information when a detailed technical error message is returned in the browser. This information could be used in further attacks against the system. IBM X-Force ID: 197973",
"id": "GHSA-86qr-c3rv-m4v3",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:08:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:08:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20499"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/197973"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6471895"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-86RG-PF4C-5GRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-04 12:30 – Updated: 2025-10-01 20:11A flaw was found in the Red Hat Developer Hub (RHDH). The catalog-import function leaks GitLab access tokens on the frontend when the base64 encoded GitLab token includes a newline at the end of the string. The sanitized error can display on the frontend, including the raw access token. Upon gaining access to this token and depending on permissions, an attacker could push malicious code to repositories, delete resources in Git, revoke or generate new keys, and sign code illegitimately.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@backstage/backend-app-api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.5.9-next.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6944"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-209"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-05T17:59:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-04T10:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the Red Hat Developer Hub (RHDH). The catalog-import function leaks GitLab access tokens on the frontend when the base64 encoded GitLab token includes a newline at the end of the string. The sanitized error can display on the frontend, including the raw access token. Upon gaining access to this token and depending on permissions, an attacker could push malicious code to repositories, delete resources in Git, revoke or generate new keys, and sign code illegitimately.",
"id": "GHSA-86rg-pf4c-5grg",
"modified": "2025-10-01T20:11:27Z",
"published": "2024-01-04T12:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6944"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/issues/21503"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/pull/21582"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/commit/0382db60f6c8e8715a702bde6408ad10a48d8e11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHBA-2024:5869"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-6944"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2255204"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/blob/master/docs/releases/v1.21.0-next.2-changelog.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-6944"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "@backstage/backend-app-api leaks GitLab access tokens"
}
GHSA-87X7-PWRX-JCH7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2025-05-28 20:03The JSON web services in Liferay Portal 7.3.4 and earlier, and Liferay DXP 7.0 before fix pack 97, 7.1 before fix pack 20 and 7.2 before fix pack 10 may provide overly verbose error messages, which allows remote attackers to use the contents of error messages to help launch another, more focused attacks via crafted inputs.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.3.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.10.fp97"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.1.10.fp20"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.2.10.fp10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-29040"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-209"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-28T20:03:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-16T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The JSON web services in Liferay Portal 7.3.4 and earlier, and Liferay DXP 7.0 before fix pack 97, 7.1 before fix pack 20 and 7.2 before fix pack 10 may provide overly verbose error messages, which allows remote attackers to use the contents of error messages to help launch another, more focused attacks via crafted inputs.",
"id": "GHSA-87x7-pwrx-jch7",
"modified": "2025-05-28T20:03:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:02:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29040"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.liferay.dev/learn/security/known-vulnerabilities/-/asset_publisher/HbL5mxmVrnXW/content/id/120743429"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220828222656/https://portal.liferay.dev/learn/security/known-vulnerabilities/-/asset_publisher/HbL5mxmVrnXW/content/id/120743429"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://liferay.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Liferay Portal and Liferay DXP Reveals Data via Overly Verbose Error Messages"
}
GHSA-8865-824R-J6C9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:09 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:09IBM i2 Analyze 4.3.0, 4.3.1, and 4.3.2 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information when a detailed technical error message is returned in the browser. This information could be used in further attacks against the system. IBM X-Force ID: 203168.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-29784"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-209"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-26T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM i2 Analyze 4.3.0, 4.3.1, and 4.3.2 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information when a detailed technical error message is returned in the browser. This information could be used in further attacks against the system. IBM X-Force ID: 203168.",
"id": "GHSA-8865-824r-j6c9",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:09:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:09:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29784"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/203168"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6474875"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-893J-MP6C-6PJ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:32 – Updated: 2022-06-30 00:00IBM i2 iBase 8.9.13 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information when a detailed technical error message is returned in the browser. This information could be used in further attacks against the system. IBM X-Force ID: 184574.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-4584"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-209"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-30T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM i2 iBase 8.9.13 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information when a detailed technical error message is returned in the browser. This information could be used in further attacks against the system. IBM X-Force ID: 184574.",
"id": "GHSA-893j-mp6c-6pj8",
"modified": "2022-06-30T00:00:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:32:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-4584"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/184574"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6357065"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-89MQ-3WFQ-W9HM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-07 00:01 – Updated: 2022-09-14 00:00Information Exposure Through an Error Message vulnerability in Hitachi RAID Manager Storage Replication Adapter allows remote authenticated users to gain sensitive information. This issue affects: Hitachi RAID Manager Storage Replication Adapter 02.01.04 versions prior to 02.03.02 on Windows; 02.05.00 versions prior to 02.05.01 on Windows and Docker.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34882"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-209"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-06T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Information Exposure Through an Error Message vulnerability in Hitachi RAID Manager Storage Replication Adapter allows remote authenticated users to gain sensitive information. This issue affects: Hitachi RAID Manager Storage Replication Adapter 02.01.04 versions prior to 02.03.02 on Windows; 02.05.00 versions prior to 02.05.01 on Windows and Docker.",
"id": "GHSA-89mq-3wfq-w9hm",
"modified": "2022-09-14T00:00:51Z",
"published": "2022-09-07T00:01:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34882"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.hitachi.co.jp/products/it/storage-solutions/global/sec_info/2022/2022_307.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.hitachi.com/products/it/storage-solutions/sec_info/2022/2022_307.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8C64-Q78Q-87R6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-29 15:30 – Updated: 2024-08-05 17:18Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-6vjm-54vp-mxhx. This link has been maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
An issue was discovered in Juju that resulted in the leak of the sensitive context ID, which allows a local unprivileged attacker to access other sensitive data or relation accessible to the local charm.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/juju/juju"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.9.50"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-209"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-08-05T17:18:32Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-29T14:15:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-6vjm-54vp-mxhx. This link has been maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\n\nAn issue was discovered in Juju that resulted in the leak of the sensitive context ID, which allows a local unprivileged attacker to access other sensitive data or relation accessible to the local charm.",
"id": "GHSA-8c64-q78q-87r6",
"modified": "2024-08-05T17:18:32Z",
"published": "2024-07-29T15:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/juju/juju/security/advisories/GHSA-6vjm-54vp-mxhx"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6984"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/juju/juju/commit/da929676853092a29ddf8d589468cf85ba3efaf2"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/juju/juju"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-6984"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Juju leaks of the sensitive context ID",
"withdrawn": "2024-08-05T17:18:32Z"
}
GHSA-8CPH-RGR4-G5VJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-29 19:18 – Updated: 2026-06-12 21:59Impact
Parse Server's GraphQL endpoint discloses schema metadata to unauthenticated callers through Did you mean ...? suggestions embedded in GraphQL validation-error messages. An unauthenticated caller who knows only the public application id can iteratively send malformed queries to reconstruct class names, field names, argument names, mutation names, and input-object fields. This bypasses the IntrospectionControlPlugin enforced when graphQLPublicIntrospection: false (the default) and defeats the schema-hiding goal of prior advisories GHSA-48q3-prgv-gm4w and GHSA-q5q9-2rhp-33qw. Schema disclosure aids reconnaissance for downstream authorization probing but does not by itself leak object data or authentication material.
Patches
A new SchemaSuggestionsControlPlugin Apollo plugin strips the Did you mean ...? suffix from GraphQL validation-error messages during validationDidStart, which runs before any introspection gate. The plugin applies only when graphQLPublicIntrospection: false and the caller is not a master-key or maintenance-key holder, matching the trust model of the existing IntrospectionControlPlugin.
Workarounds
No code workaround is available short of disabling the GraphQL API (mountGraphQL: false). Operators who require disclosure-resistant validation errors should upgrade to a patched release.
Resources
- GitHub security advisory: https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/security/advisories/GHSA-8cph-rgr4-g5vj
- Fix Parse Server 9: https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/pull/10467
- Fix Parse Server 8: https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/pull/10468
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "parse-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.9.1-alpha.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "parse-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.6.78"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47248"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-209"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-29T19:18:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T19:16:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nParse Server\u0027s GraphQL endpoint discloses schema metadata to unauthenticated callers through `Did you mean ...?` suggestions embedded in GraphQL validation-error messages. An unauthenticated caller who knows only the public application id can iteratively send malformed queries to reconstruct class names, field names, argument names, mutation names, and input-object fields. This bypasses the `IntrospectionControlPlugin` enforced when `graphQLPublicIntrospection: false` (the default) and defeats the schema-hiding goal of prior advisories GHSA-48q3-prgv-gm4w and GHSA-q5q9-2rhp-33qw. Schema disclosure aids reconnaissance for downstream authorization probing but does not by itself leak object data or authentication material.\n\n### Patches\n\nA new `SchemaSuggestionsControlPlugin` Apollo plugin strips the `Did you mean ...?` suffix from GraphQL validation-error messages during `validationDidStart`, which runs before any introspection gate. The plugin applies only when `graphQLPublicIntrospection: false` and the caller is not a master-key or maintenance-key holder, matching the trust model of the existing `IntrospectionControlPlugin`.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNo code workaround is available short of disabling the GraphQL API (`mountGraphQL: false`). Operators who require disclosure-resistant validation errors should upgrade to a patched release.\n\n### Resources\n\n- GitHub security advisory: https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/security/advisories/GHSA-8cph-rgr4-g5vj\n- Fix Parse Server 9: https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/pull/10467\n- Fix Parse Server 8: https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/pull/10468",
"id": "GHSA-8cph-rgr4-g5vj",
"modified": "2026-06-12T21:59:48Z",
"published": "2026-05-29T19:18:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/security/advisories/GHSA-8cph-rgr4-g5vj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47248"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/pull/10467"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/pull/10468"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Parse Server\u0027s GraphQL \"Did you mean ...?\" validation suggestions disclose schema to unauthenticated callers"
}
GHSA-8CWH-XHW2-5V68
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-17 12:30 – Updated: 2024-10-17 12:30SolarWinds Kiwi CatTools is susceptible to a sensitive data disclosure vulnerability when a non-default setting has been enabled for troubleshooting purposes.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45713"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-209"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-17T11:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SolarWinds Kiwi CatTools is susceptible to a sensitive data disclosure vulnerability when a non-default setting has been enabled for troubleshooting purposes.",
"id": "GHSA-8cwh-xhw2-5v68",
"modified": "2024-10-17T12:30:51Z",
"published": "2024-10-17T12:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45713"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.solarwinds.com/trust-center/security-advisories/CVE-2024-45713"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-39
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
Mitigation
Handle exceptions internally and do not display errors containing potentially sensitive information to a user.
Mitigation MIT-33
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Use naming conventions and strong types to make it easier to spot when sensitive data is being used. When creating structures, objects, or other complex entities, separate the sensitive and non-sensitive data as much as possible.
Mitigation MIT-40
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Debugging information should not make its way into a production release.
Mitigation MIT-40
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Debugging information should not make its way into a production release.
Mitigation
Where available, configure the environment to use less verbose error messages. For example, in PHP, disable the display_errors setting during configuration, or at runtime using the error_reporting() function.
Mitigation
Create default error pages or messages that do not leak any information.
CAPEC-215: Fuzzing for application mapping
An attacker sends random, malformed, or otherwise unexpected messages to a target application and observes the application's log or error messages returned. The attacker does not initially know how a target will respond to individual messages but by attempting a large number of message variants they may find a variant that trigger's desired behavior. In this attack, the purpose of the fuzzing is to observe the application's log and error messages, although fuzzing a target can also sometimes cause the target to enter an unstable state, causing a crash.
CAPEC-463: Padding Oracle Crypto Attack
An adversary is able to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key if a target system leaks data on whether or not a padding error happened while decrypting the ciphertext. A target system that leaks this type of information becomes the padding oracle and an adversary is able to make use of that oracle to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key by issuing on average 128*b calls to the padding oracle (where b is the number of bytes in the ciphertext block). In addition to performing decryption, an adversary is also able to produce valid ciphertexts (i.e., perform encryption) by using the padding oracle, all without knowing the encryption key.
CAPEC-54: Query System for Information
An adversary, aware of an application's location (and possibly authorized to use the application), probes an application's structure and evaluates its robustness by submitting requests and examining responses. Often, this is accomplished by sending variants of expected queries in the hope that these modified queries might return information beyond what the expected set of queries would provide.
CAPEC-7: Blind SQL Injection
Blind SQL Injection results from an insufficient mitigation for SQL Injection. Although suppressing database error messages are considered best practice, the suppression alone is not sufficient to prevent SQL Injection. Blind SQL Injection is a form of SQL Injection that overcomes the lack of error messages. Without the error messages that facilitate SQL Injection, the adversary constructs input strings that probe the target through simple Boolean SQL expressions. The adversary can determine if the syntax and structure of the injection was successful based on whether the query was executed or not. Applied iteratively, the adversary determines how and where the target is vulnerable to SQL Injection.