CWE-1321
AllowedImproperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.
826 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-H2JJ-59XJ-6R28
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-20 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-02 18:30Prototype Pollution in Visioweb.js 1.10.6 allows attackers to execute XSS on the client system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3901"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-20T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Prototype Pollution in Visioweb.js 1.10.6 allows attackers to execute XSS on the client system.",
"id": "GHSA-h2jj-59xj-6r28",
"modified": "2023-03-02T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2023-02-20T21:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3901"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://csirt.divd.nl/CVE-2022-3901"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H2Q9-88FW-GPMP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-12 18:31 – Updated: 2025-02-20 21:30In Progress® Telerik® KendoReact versions v3.5.0 through v9.4.0, an attacker can introduce or modify properties within the global prototype chain which can result in denial of service or command injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-12629"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-12T16:15:39Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Progress\u00ae Telerik\u00ae KendoReact versions v3.5.0 through v9.4.0, an attacker can introduce or modify properties within the global prototype chain which can result in denial of service or command injection.",
"id": "GHSA-h2q9-88fw-gpmp",
"modified": "2025-02-20T21:30:50Z",
"published": "2025-02-12T18:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12629"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.telerik.com/kendo-react-ui/components/knowledge-base/kb-security-protoype-pollution-2024-12629"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H342-5V8G-H229
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-12 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-14 12:00Prototype pollution vulnerability in beautify-web js-beautify 1.13.7 via the name variable in options.js.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-37609"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-11T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Prototype pollution vulnerability in beautify-web js-beautify 1.13.7 via the name variable in options.js.",
"id": "GHSA-h342-5v8g-h229",
"modified": "2022-10-14T12:00:22Z",
"published": "2022-10-12T12:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37609"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/beautify-web/js-beautify/issues/2106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/beautify-web/js-beautify/blob/6fa891e982cc3d615eed9a1a20a4fc50721bff16/js/src/core/options.js#L167"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/beautify-web/js-beautify/blob/6fa891e982cc3d615eed9a1a20a4fc50721bff16/js/src/core/options.js#L167.aa"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H3RX-G5C9-8Q4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-10 18:37 – Updated: 2022-12-03 03:40The package bmoor before 0.8.12 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the set function.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "bmoor"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.8.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-7736"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-04-22T22:35:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-02T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The package bmoor before 0.8.12 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the set function.",
"id": "GHSA-h3rx-g5c9-8q4x",
"modified": "2022-12-03T03:40:15Z",
"published": "2021-05-10T18:37:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7736"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/b-heilman/bmoor/commit/7d4a086a1dc3ef11ed0b323824d02348734b7da5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/b-heilman/bmoor"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-BMOOR-598664"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/bmoor"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Prototype Pollution in bmoor"
}
GHSA-H466-J336-74WX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-02-07 18:17 – Updated: 2023-09-07 18:22Versions of mpath before 0.5.1 are vulnerable to prototype pollution. Provided certain input mpath can add or modify properties of the Object prototype. These properties will be present on all objects.
Recommendation
Update to version 0.5.1 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "mpath"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-16490"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321",
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:38:42Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Versions of `mpath` before 0.5.1 are vulnerable to prototype pollution. Provided certain input `mpath` can add or modify properties of the `Object` prototype. These properties will be present on all objects.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version `0.5.1` or later.",
"id": "GHSA-h466-j336-74wx",
"modified": "2023-09-07T18:22:30Z",
"published": "2019-02-07T18:17:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16490"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/390860"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-h466-j336-74wx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/779"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Prototype Pollution in mpath"
}
GHSA-H5MP-5Q4P-GGF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 18:07 – Updated: 2020-08-31 18:46Versions of lodash.defaultsdeep before 4.6.1 are vulnerable to prototype pollution. The function mergeWith may allow a malicious user to modify the prototype of Object via {constructor: {prototype: {...}}} causing the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects.
Recommendation
Update to version 4.6.1 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "lodash.defaultsdeep"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.6.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:46:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Versions of `lodash.defaultsdeep` before 4.6.1 are vulnerable to prototype pollution. The function `mergeWith` may allow a malicious user to modify the prototype of `Object` via `{constructor: {prototype: {...}}}` causing the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects.\n\n\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 4.6.1 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-h5mp-5q4p-ggf5",
"modified": "2020-08-31T18:46:09Z",
"published": "2020-09-03T18:07:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1068"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Prototype Pollution in lodash.defaultsdeep"
}
GHSA-H68Q-55JF-X68W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-10 18:47 – Updated: 2021-04-20 17:46This affects the package chart.js before 2.9.4. The options parameter is not properly sanitized when it is processed. When the options are processed, the existing options (or the defaults options) are deeply merged with provided options. However, during this operation, the keys of the object being set are not checked, leading to a prototype pollution.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "chart.js"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.9.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-7746"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321",
"CWE-915"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-04-20T17:46:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-29T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This affects the package chart.js before 2.9.4. The options parameter is not properly sanitized when it is processed. When the options are processed, the existing options (or the defaults options) are deeply merged with provided options. However, during this operation, the keys of the object being set are not checked, leading to a prototype pollution.",
"id": "GHSA-h68q-55jf-x68w",
"modified": "2021-04-20T17:46:27Z",
"published": "2021-05-10T18:47:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7746"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/chartjs/Chart.js/pull/7920"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSBOWER-1019375"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSBOWERGITHUBCHARTJS-1019376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSNPM-1019374"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-CHARTJS-1018716"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Prototype pollution in chart.js"
}
GHSA-H6PR-C536-6RJG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-02-11 16:16The package object-path-set before 1.0.2 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the setPath method, as it allows an attacker to merge object prototypes into it. Note: This vulnerability derives from an incomplete fix in https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-OBJECTPATHSET-607908
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "object-path-set"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23507"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-02-07T19:07:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-04T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The package object-path-set before 1.0.2 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the setPath method, as it allows an attacker to merge object prototypes into it. *Note:* This vulnerability derives from an incomplete fix in https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-OBJECTPATHSET-607908",
"id": "GHSA-h6pr-c536-6rjg",
"modified": "2022-02-11T16:16:47Z",
"published": "2022-02-05T00:00:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23507"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/skratchdot/object-path-set/commit/2d67a714159c4099589b6661fa84e6d2adc31761"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/skratchdot/object-path-set"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/skratchdot/object-path-set/blob/577f5299fed15bb9edd11c940ff3cf0b9f4748d5/index.js%23L8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/blog/remediate-javascript-type-confusion-bypassed-input-validation"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-OBJECTPATHSET-2388576"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Prototype Pollution in object-path-set"
}
GHSA-H6XG-RG33-9MF4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2024-04-22 23:22Overview
Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'deep-defaults' versions 1.0.0 through 1.0.5 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.
Details
The NPM module deep-defaults can be abused by Prototype Pollution vulnerability since the function _deepDefaults() does not check for the type of object before assigning value to the property. Due to this flaw an attacker could create a non-existent property or able to manipulate the property which leads to Denial of Service or potentially Remote code execution.
PoC
The _deepDefaults () function accepts dest, src as arguments. Due to the absence of validation on the values passed into the src argument, an attacker can supply a malicious value by adjusting the value to include the __proto__ property. Since there is no validation before assigning the property to check whether the assigned argument is the Object's own property or not, the property polluted will be directly be assigned to the new object thereby polluting the Object prototype. Later in the code, if there is a check to validate polluted the valued would be substituted as "Yes! Its Polluted" as it had been polluted.
var deepDefaults = require("deep-defaults")
var malicious_payload = '{"__proto__":{"polluted":"Yes! Its Polluted"}}';
var obj ={};
console.log("Before : " + {}.polluted);
deepDefaults(obj, JSON.parse(malicious_payload));
console.log("After : " + {}.polluted);
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "deep-defaults"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.0.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-25944"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-22T23:22:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-25T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Overview\nPrototype pollution vulnerability in \u0027deep-defaults\u0027 versions 1.0.0 through 1.0.5 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.\n\n### Details\nThe NPM module `deep-defaults` can be abused by Prototype Pollution vulnerability since the function `_deepDefaults()` does not check for the type of object before assigning value to the property. Due to this flaw an attacker could create a non-existent property or able to manipulate the property which leads to Denial of Service or potentially Remote code execution.\n\n### PoC\nThe `_deepDefaults ()` function accepts `dest`, `src` as arguments. Due to the absence of validation on the values passed into the `src` argument, an attacker can supply a malicious value by adjusting the value to include the `__proto__` property. Since there is no validation before assigning the property to check whether the assigned argument is the Object\u0027s own property or not, the property `polluted` will be directly be assigned to the new object thereby polluting the Object prototype. Later in the code, if there is a check to validate `polluted` the valued would be substituted as \"Yes! Its Polluted\" as it had been polluted.\n\n```js\nvar deepDefaults = require(\"deep-defaults\")\nvar malicious_payload = \u0027{\"__proto__\":{\"polluted\":\"Yes! Its Polluted\"}}\u0027;\nvar obj ={};\nconsole.log(\"Before : \" + {}.polluted);\ndeepDefaults(obj, JSON.parse(malicious_payload));\nconsole.log(\"After : \" + {}.polluted);\n```",
"id": "GHSA-h6xg-rg33-9mf4",
"modified": "2024-04-22T23:22:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25944"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/d5/deep-defaults"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/d5/deep-defaults/blob/321d0e2231aa807d54e7f95d75c22048a806923f/lib/index.js#L16"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210525211925/https://www.whitesourcesoftware.com/vulnerability-database/CVE-2021-25944"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "deep-defaults vulnerable to prototype pollution"
}
GHSA-H726-X36V-RX45
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 18:04 – Updated: 2020-08-31 18:46Versions of lodash.merge before 4.6.2 are vulnerable to prototype pollution. The function merge may allow a malicious user to modify the prototype of Object via {constructor: {prototype: {...}}} causing the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects.
Recommendation
Update to version 4.6.2 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "lodash.merge"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.6.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:46:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Versions of `lodash.merge` before 4.6.2 are vulnerable to prototype pollution. The function `merge` may allow a malicious user to modify the prototype of `Object` via `{constructor: {prototype: {...}}}` causing the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects.\n\n\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 4.6.2 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-h726-x36v-rx45",
"modified": "2020-08-31T18:46:04Z",
"published": "2020-09-03T18:04:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1066"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Prototype Pollution in lodash.merge"
}
Mitigation
By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.
Mitigation
By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.
Mitigation
By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.
Mitigation
Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.