Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-121

Allowed

Stack-based Buffer Overflow

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft

A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).

5239 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-3W6G-VV96-4PH6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-21 15:30 – Updated: 2025-08-21 21:32
VLAI
Details

A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in libsndfile version 1.2.2 and potentially earlier versions when processing malformed IRCAM audio files. The vulnerability occurs in the ircam_read_header function at src/ircam.c:164 during sample rate processing, leading to memory corruption and potential code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-52194"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-21T15:15:33Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in libsndfile version 1.2.2 and potentially earlier versions when processing malformed IRCAM audio files. The vulnerability occurs in the ircam_read_header function at src/ircam.c:164 during sample rate processing, leading to memory corruption and potential code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-3w6g-vv96-4ph6",
  "modified": "2025-08-21T21:32:04Z",
  "published": "2025-08-21T15:30:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52194"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/libsndfile/libsndfile/issues/1082"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bushido-sec.com/index.php/2025/08/08/libsndfile-buffer-overflow"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/libsndfile"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3WGC-2CJ2-H23P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-15 03:30 – Updated: 2024-01-15 03:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in Tenda A15 15.13.07.13. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the file /goform/setBlackRule of the component Web-based Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument deviceList leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-250701 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-0531"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-15T02:15:15Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in Tenda A15 15.13.07.13. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the file /goform/setBlackRule of the component Web-based Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument deviceList leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-250701 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
  "id": "GHSA-3wgc-2cj2-h23p",
  "modified": "2024-01-15T03:30:34Z",
  "published": "2024-01-15T03:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0531"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yaoyue123/iot/blob/main/Tenda/A15/setBlackRule.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.250701"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.250701"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3WJH-7493-7F9F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-08 00:00
VLAI
Details

Annke N48PBB (Network Video Recorder) products of version 3.4.106 build 200422 and prior are vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow, which allows an unauthorized remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with the same privileges as the server user (root).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-32941"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-23T19:16:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Annke N48PBB (Network Video Recorder) products of version 3.4.106 build 200422 and prior are vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow, which allows an unauthorized remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with the same privileges as the server user (root).",
  "id": "GHSA-3wjh-7493-7f9f",
  "modified": "2022-06-08T00:00:59Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T00:00:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32941"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-21-238-02"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3X98-FHCG-5WV3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-17 18:31 – Updated: 2024-04-17 18:31
VLAI
Details

Server receiving a malformed message based on a using the specified key values can cause a stack overflow vulnerability which could lead to an attacker performing remote code execution or causing a failure. See Honeywell Security Notification for recommendations on upgrading and versioning.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-5401"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-17T17:15:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Server receiving a malformed message based on a using the specified key values can cause a stack overflow vulnerability which could lead to an attacker performing remote code execution or causing a failure.\u00a0See Honeywell Security Notification for recommendations on upgrading and versioning.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-3x98-fhcg-5wv3",
  "modified": "2024-04-17T18:31:34Z",
  "published": "2024-04-17T18:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5401"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://process.honeywell.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3XRH-Q6H2-52XR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-16 18:30 – Updated: 2024-05-16 18:30
VLAI
Details

A buffer overflow vulnerability was identified in some Lenovo printers that could allow an unauthenticated user to trigger a device restart by sending a specially crafted web request.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-3286"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-16T18:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "\nA buffer overflow vulnerability was identified in some Lenovo printers that could allow an unauthenticated user to trigger a device restart by sending a specially crafted web request.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-3xrh-q6h2-52xr",
  "modified": "2024-05-16T18:30:33Z",
  "published": "2024-05-16T18:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3286"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://iknow.lenovo.com.cn/detail/421500"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.lenovoimage.com/psirt/notice/158605.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3XRR-G3WM-X44G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-12 12:30 – Updated: 2025-05-12 12:30
VLAI
Details

A stack buffer overflow has been identified in the AsIO3.sys driver. This vulnerability can be triggered by input manipulation, may leading to a system crash (BSOD) or other potentially undefined execution. Refer to the 'Security Update for Armoury Crate App' section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-1533"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-12T10:15:21Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A stack buffer overflow has been identified in the AsIO3.sys driver. This vulnerability can be triggered by input manipulation, may leading to a system crash (BSOD) or other potentially undefined execution.\nRefer to the \u0027Security Update for Armoury Crate App\u0027 section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.",
  "id": "GHSA-3xrr-g3wm-x44g",
  "modified": "2025-05-12T12:30:25Z",
  "published": "2025-05-12T12:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1533"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.asus.com/content/asus-product-security-advisory"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2144"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3XXW-5CQG-MQ5W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-16 09:31 – Updated: 2025-12-22 03:30
VLAI
Details

Stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in SEIKO EPSON Web Config. Specially crafted data input by a logged-in user may execute arbitrary code. As for the details of the affected products and versions, see the information provided by the vendor under [References].

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-66635"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-16T07:15:54Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in SEIKO EPSON Web Config. Specially crafted data input by a logged-in user may execute arbitrary code. As for the details of the affected products and versions, see the information provided by the vendor under [References].",
  "id": "GHSA-3xxw-5cqg-mq5w",
  "modified": "2025-12-22T03:30:16Z",
  "published": "2025-12-16T09:31:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66635"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://epson.com/Support/wa00971"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN51846148"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.epson.jp/support/misc_t/251216_oshirase.htm"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-426P-74FR-M2WX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-03 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:03
VLAI
Details

Memory corruption in WLAN Firmware while doing a memory copy of pmk cache.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-33028"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-03T06:15:27Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Memory corruption in WLAN Firmware while doing a memory copy of pmk cache.",
  "id": "GHSA-426p-74fr-m2wx",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T08:03:12Z",
  "published": "2023-10-03T06:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33028"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/october-2023-bulletin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4283-GRG4-9J23

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:50 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:50
VLAI
Details

A Stack-based Buffer Overflow issue was discovered in WECON LEVI Studio HMI Editor v1.8.1 and prior. Multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities have been identified in which the application does not verify string size before copying to memory; the attacker may then be able to crash the application or run arbitrary code.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-13999"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119",
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-10-17T22:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A Stack-based Buffer Overflow issue was discovered in WECON LEVI Studio HMI Editor v1.8.1 and prior. Multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities have been identified in which the application does not verify string size before copying to memory; the attacker may then be able to crash the application or run arbitrary code.",
  "id": "GHSA-4283-grg4-9j23",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:50:18Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:50:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-13999"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-17-285-02"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101250"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102493"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-42C2-HX35-9CG7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-23 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-23 21:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in Tenda AC8 16.03.34.09. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function R7WebsSecurityHandler of the file /goform/execCommand. The manipulation of the argument password leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-261790 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-4064"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-23T20:15:07Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in Tenda AC8 16.03.34.09. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function R7WebsSecurityHandler of the file /goform/execCommand. The manipulation of the argument password leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-261790 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
  "id": "GHSA-42c2-hx35-9cg7",
  "modified": "2024-04-23T21:30:33Z",
  "published": "2024-04-23T21:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4064"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/AC8/R7WebsSecurityHandler.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.261790"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.261790"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.316493"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.

Mitigation
Implementation

Implement and perform bounds checking on input.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.

Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.