CVE-2026-43620 (GCVE-0-2026-43620)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-20 00:47 – Updated: 2026-07-14 20:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Rsync < 3.4.3 Out-of-Bounds Array Read via recv_files()
Summary
Rsync version 3.4.2 and prior contain a receiver-side out-of-bounds array read vulnerability in recv_files() in receiver.c that allows a malicious rsync server to crash the rsync client process. Attackers can exploit the vulnerability by setting CF_INC_RECURSE in compatibility flags and sending a specially crafted file list where the first sorted entry is not the leading dot directory, followed by a transfer record with ndx=0 and an iflag word without ITEM_TRANSFER, causing the receiver to read 8 bytes before the allocated pointer array and dereference an invalid pointer at an unmapped address, resulting in a deterministic SIGSEGV crash of the rsync client.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-20 14:11 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/security/ad… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/releases/ta… | release-notes |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/rsync-out-of… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RsyncProject | rsync |
Affected:
0 , < 3.4.3
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-05-19 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-43620",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-05-20T14:11:42.448773Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-20T14:11:50.942Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/RsyncProject/rsync",
"product": "rsync",
"repo": "https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync",
"vendor": "RsyncProject",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.4.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "3.4.3",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Pratham Gupta (@alchemy1729)"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-05-19T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Rsync version\u00a03.4.2 and prior contain a receiver-side out-of-bounds array read vulnerability in recv_files() in receiver.c that allows a malicious rsync server to crash the rsync client process. Attackers can exploit the vulnerability by setting CF_INC_RECURSE in compatibility flags and sending a specially crafted file list where the first sorted entry is not the leading dot directory, followed by a transfer record with ndx=0 and an iflag word without ITEM_TRANSFER, causing the receiver to read 8 bytes before the allocated pointer array and dereference an invalid pointer at an unmapped address, resulting in a deterministic SIGSEGV crash of the rsync client."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-125",
"description": "Out-of-bounds Read",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T20:01:07.518Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/security/advisories/GHSA-28pw-r563-rxvm"
},
{
"tags": [
"release-notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/releases/tag/v3.4.3"
},
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/rsync-out-of-bounds-array-read-via-recv-files"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Rsync \u003c 3.4.3 Out-of-Bounds Array Read via recv_files()",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.1"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-43620",
"datePublished": "2026-05-20T00:47:57.086Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-05-01T18:22:45.639Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T20:01:07.518Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2026-43620",
"date": "2026-10-16",
"epss": "0.00461",
"percentile": "0.38541"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2026-05-23T01:38:23.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2026-43620",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2026-43620",
"initial_release_date": "2026-05-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:fixed": "1",
"product_status:known_affected": "1",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "Rsync \u003c 3.4.3 Out-of-Bounds Array Read via recv_files()",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2026/msrc_cve-2026-43620.json",
"version": "2"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/RsyncProject/rsync",
"product": "rsync",
"repo": "https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync",
"vendor": "RsyncProject",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.4.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "EC81F4B6-4EC5-433C-9709-E4B9E340C65A",
"versionEndIncluding": "3.4.2",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Rsync version\u00a03.4.2 and prior contain a receiver-side out-of-bounds array read vulnerability in recv_files() in receiver.c that allows a malicious rsync server to crash the rsync client process. Attackers can exploit the vulnerability by setting CF_INC_RECURSE in compatibility flags and sending a specially crafted file list where the first sorted entry is not the leading dot directory, followed by a transfer record with ndx=0 and an iflag word without ITEM_TRANSFER, causing the receiver to read 8 bytes before the allocated pointer array and dereference an invalid pointer at an unmapped address, resulting in a deterministic SIGSEGV crash of the rsync client."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "La versi\u00f3n 3.4.2 de Rsync y anteriores contienen una vulnerabilidad de lectura de array fuera de l\u00edmites en el lado del receptor en recv_files() en receiver.c que permite a un servidor rsync malicioso bloquear el proceso del cliente rsync. Los atacantes pueden explotar la vulnerabilidad al establecer CF_INC_RECURSE en los indicadores de compatibilidad y enviar una lista de archivos especialmente dise\u00f1ada donde la primera entrada ordenada no es el directorio de punto inicial, seguido de un registro de transferencia con ndx=0 y una palabra iflag sin ITEM_TRANSFER, lo que hace que el receptor lea 8 bytes antes del array de punteros asignado y desreferencie un puntero inv\u00e1lido en una direcci\u00f3n no mapeada, lo que resulta en un bloqueo SIGSEGV determinista del cliente rsync."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-43620",
"lastModified": "2026-07-24T09:10:00.153",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
],
"cvssMetricV40": [
{
"cvssData": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 6.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2026-43620",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-05-20T14:11:42.448773Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2026-05-20T02:16:36.727",
"references": [
{
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"tags": [
"Release Notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/releases/tag/v3.4.3"
},
{
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"tags": [
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/security/advisories/GHSA-28pw-r563-rxvm"
},
{
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"tags": [
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/rsync-out-of-bounds-array-read-via-recv-files"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-125"
}
],
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-01T12:02:02+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2026-43620",
"id": "CVE-2026-43620",
"initial_release_date": "2026-05-20T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "17",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "rsync: rsync: Remote Denial of Service via Out-of-bounds Read",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-43620.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-10-09T00:12:12Z",
"cve": "CVE-2026-43620",
"id": "CVE-2026-43620",
"initial_release_date": "2026-05-22T02:19:58Z",
"product_status:known_affected": "410",
"product_status:recommended": "33",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-43620",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-43620.json",
"version": "25"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-43620",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-05-20T14:11:42.448773Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-20T14:11:47.395Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/RsyncProject/rsync",
"product": "rsync",
"repo": "https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync",
"vendor": "RsyncProject",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.4.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "3.4.3",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Pratham Gupta (@alchemy1729)"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-05-19T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Rsync version\u00a03.4.2 and prior contain a receiver-side out-of-bounds array read vulnerability in recv_files() in receiver.c that allows a malicious rsync server to crash the rsync client process. Attackers can exploit the vulnerability by setting CF_INC_RECURSE in compatibility flags and sending a specially crafted file list where the first sorted entry is not the leading dot directory, followed by a transfer record with ndx=0 and an iflag word without ITEM_TRANSFER, causing the receiver to read 8 bytes before the allocated pointer array and dereference an invalid pointer at an unmapped address, resulting in a deterministic SIGSEGV crash of the rsync client."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-125",
"description": "Out-of-bounds Read",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T20:01:07.518Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/security/advisories/GHSA-28pw-r563-rxvm"
},
{
"tags": [
"release-notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/releases/tag/v3.4.3"
},
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/rsync-out-of-bounds-array-read-via-recv-files"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Rsync \u003c 3.4.3 Out-of-Bounds Array Read via recv_files()",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.1"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-43620",
"datePublished": "2026-05-20T00:47:57.086Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-05-01T18:22:45.639Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T20:01:07.518Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
Loading timeline…
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.