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{
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnfsd: clear acl_access/acl_default after releasing them\n\nIf getting acl_default fails, acl_access and acl_default will be released\nsimultaneously. However, acl_access will still retain a pointer pointing\nto the released posix_acl, which will trigger a WARNING in\nnfs3svc_release_getacl like this:\n\n------------[ cut here ]------------\nrefcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\nWARNING: CPU: 26 PID: 3199 at lib/refcount.c:28\nrefcount_warn_saturate+0xb5/0x170\nModules linked in:\nCPU: 26 UID: 0 PID: 3199 Comm: nfsd Not tainted\n6.12.0-rc6-00079-g04ae226af01f-dirty #8\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS\n1.16.1-2.fc37 04/01/2014\nRIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0xb5/0x170\nCode: cc cc 0f b6 1d b3 20 a5 03 80 fb 01 0f 87 65 48 d8 00 83 e3 01 75\ne4 48 c7 c7 c0 3b 9b 85 c6 05 97 20 a5 03 01 e8 fb 3e 30 ff \u003c0f\u003e 0b eb\ncd 0f b6 1d 8a3\nRSP: 0018:ffffc90008637cd8 EFLAGS: 00010282\nRAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: ffffffff83904fde\nRDX: dffffc0000000000 RSI: 0000000000000008 RDI: ffff88871ed36380\nRBP: ffff888158beeb40 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: fffff520010c6f56\nR10: ffffc90008637ab7 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 0000000000000001\nR13: ffff888140e77400 R14: ffff888140e77408 R15: ffffffff858b42c0\nFS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88871ed00000(0000)\nknlGS:0000000000000000\nCS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\nCR2: 0000562384d32158 CR3: 000000055cc6a000 CR4: 00000000000006f0\nDR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\nDR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n ? refcount_warn_saturate+0xb5/0x170\n ? __warn+0xa5/0x140\n ? refcount_warn_saturate+0xb5/0x170\n ? report_bug+0x1b1/0x1e0\n ? handle_bug+0x53/0xa0\n ? exc_invalid_op+0x17/0x40\n ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1a/0x20\n ? tick_nohz_tick_stopped+0x1e/0x40\n ? refcount_warn_saturate+0xb5/0x170\n ? refcount_warn_saturate+0xb5/0x170\n nfs3svc_release_getacl+0xc9/0xe0\n svc_process_common+0x5db/0xb60\n ? __pfx_svc_process_common+0x10/0x10\n ? __rcu_read_unlock+0x69/0xa0\n ? __pfx_nfsd_dispatch+0x10/0x10\n ? svc_xprt_received+0xa1/0x120\n ? xdr_init_decode+0x11d/0x190\n svc_process+0x2a7/0x330\n svc_handle_xprt+0x69d/0x940\n svc_recv+0x180/0x2d0\n nfsd+0x168/0x200\n ? __pfx_nfsd+0x10/0x10\n kthread+0x1a2/0x1e0\n ? kthread+0xf4/0x1e0\n ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n ret_from_fork+0x34/0x60\n ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\nKernel panic - not syncing: kernel: panic_on_warn set ...\n\nClear acl_access/acl_default after posix_acl_release is called to prevent\nUAF from being triggered."
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            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable functions are the NFSACL sideband RPC handlers (program 100227, ACLPROC2/3_GETACL) served by the in-kernel nfsd on port 2049; a remote NFS client reaches them purely by sending a GETACL call with a filehandle and a mask.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls the mask field that selects both the access and default ACL branches, and can retry indefinitely; the error condition is deterministic on FUSE-backed exports and on any file with a malformed/corrupt system.posix_acl_default xattr, and is otherwise reachable via the unlocked -ERANGE window in ext4_get_acl that the attacker drives from both sides with concurrent SETACL/GETACL.\nPR:N - NFS AUTH_SYS performs no real authentication \u2014 the client merely asserts a uid \u2014 and fh_verify() is called with NFSD_MAY_NOP, so nfsd_permission() returns 0 without any file ownership or mode check; any host permitted by the export list can issue GETACL against any object in the export.\nUI:N - The entire sequence is driven by attacker-sent RPC calls handled by the nfsd kernel threads; no action by a local user or administrator is required.\nS:U - The freed posix_acl, the dangling inode-\u003ei_acl, and the resulting corruption all reside in the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - In the NFSv2-ACL encoder the released posix_acl is still passed to nfs_stream_encode_acl(), which reads a_count and up to 1024 a_entries[] from the freed slab object and transmits them to the remote client, yielding freed-heap disclosure plus a large out-of-bounds read; the cached-ACL variant additionally leaves inode-\u003ei_acl dangling for later reads.\nI:H - The second posix_acl_release() performs an atomic decrement into freed (potentially reallocated) slab memory, and in the cached case the dangling inode-\u003ei_acl leads to refcount_inc on freed memory, a genuine double free on the next set/forget_cached_acl, and posix_acl_permission() making file access-control decisions from attacker-groomable freed heap contents.\nA:H - The bug reproduces as a refcount_t underflow WARN in nfs3svc_release_getacl (kernel panic with panic_on_warn, as shown in the commit\u0027s own report), and the use-after-free of a slab object causes further corruption and oopses; it is remotely and repeatedly triggerable."
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              "value": "AV:A - The malformed `pipe` value arrives in an HCI-over-NCI response from the NFC controller/HCI host network (host controller, UICC, eSE), not from any local syscall argument, so the attacker sits on the NFC proximity/host-network boundary rather than on the local host. NFC is a limited-distance, logically adjacent transport, matching AV:A.\nAC:L - The attacker only has to return a pipe identifier of 129-255 in the ADM_CREATE_PIPE response; the out-of-bounds index is taken deterministically with no race, no memory-layout grooming, and no state the attacker cannot influence. Every attempt succeeds on the first try.\nPR:N - The attacker supplying the response needs no credentials or account on the target system whatsoever. The local side of the path (`nfc_dev_up` \u2192 `discover_se`) is performed automatically by the platform\u0027s NFC daemon at boot/NFC-enable, so no attacker-held privilege is involved in reaching the vulnerable code.\nUI:N - HCI session init runs as part of normal NFC device bring-up and secure-element discovery, which happens automatically when the NFC stack starts; no victim action is required for the malicious response to be parsed.\nS:U - The corruption occurs in kernel heap memory belonging to the NFC subsystem and is handled entirely within the kernel\u0027s own security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The attacker controls the index of an out-of-bounds array write into `struct nci_hci_dev`, and kernel-heap memory corruption of this kind is treatable as a primitive that can be leveraged toward disclosure of adjacent kernel state; corrupted `gate2pipe[]` entries are subsequently emitted in HCP headers back over the HCI link, giving the attacker an observable read-back channel for the corrupted region.\nI:H - This is a genuine out-of-bounds array write with an attacker-controlled offset (`pipes[129..255]`), overwriting kernel data structures outside the intended array bounds \u2014 the fix author explicitly describes it as \"memory corruption in the caller\". Out-of-bounds writes are scored High for integrity.\nA:H - The out-of-bounds index triggers a kernel panic outright on hardened/Android configurations built with CONFIG_UBSAN_BOUNDS + CONFIG_UBSAN_TRAP, and otherwise corrupts the gate-to-pipe mapping state so the NFC/secure-element stack operates on bogus pipe identifiers, leaving the subsystem in an inconsistent, non-functional state."
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          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:54:04.509Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bd249109d266f1d52548c46634a15b71656e0d44"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/674e17c5933779a8bf5c15d596fdfcb5ccdebbc2"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/10b3f947b609713e04022101f492d288a014ddfa"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d5a461c315e5ff92657f84d8ba50caa5abf5c22a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/172cdfc3a5ea20289c58fb73dadc6fd4a8784a4e"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2ae4bade5a64d126bd18eb66bd419005c5550218"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/59c7ed20217c0939862fbf8145bc49d5b3a13f4f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/110b43ef05342d5a11284cc8b21582b698b4ef1c"
        }
      ],
      "title": "NFC: nci: Add bounds checking in nci_hci_create_pipe()",
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  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-21735",
    "datePublished": "2025-02-27T02:12:12.202Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.756Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:54:04.509Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}