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      <title>GHSA-8mp2-v27r-99xp — Mistune has a ReDoS in LINK_TITLE_RE that allows denial of service via crafted Markdown input</title>
      <link>https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/ghsa-8mp2-v27r-99xp</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; PyPI: mistune&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### Summary&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A ReDoS (Regular Expression Denial of Service) vulnerability in `LINK_TITLE_RE` allows an attacker who can supply Markdown for parsing to cause denial of service. A crafted 58-byte Markdown document blocks the parser for approximately 6 seconds (measured on Apple M2, Python 3.14.3), with exponential growth per additional byte pair.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### Details&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The vulnerable regex is defined in [`src/mistune/helpers.py#L20-L25`](https://github.com/lepture/mistune/blob/df23edd60b43b639d2e6760ef9dd3d618aa11c21/src/mistune/helpers.py#L20-L25):&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;```python
LINK_TITLE_RE = re.compile(
    r&amp;#34;[ \t\n]+(&amp;#34;
    r&amp;#39;&amp;#34;(?:\\&amp;#39; + PUNCTUATION + r&amp;#39;|[^&amp;#34;\x00])*&amp;#34;|&amp;#39;  # &amp;#34;title&amp;#34;
    r&amp;#34;&amp;#39;(?:\\&amp;#34; + PUNCTUATION + r&amp;#34;|[^&amp;#39;\x00])*&amp;#39;&amp;#34;   # &amp;#39;title&amp;#39;
    r&amp;#34;)&amp;#34;
)
```&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The double-quote branch compiles to `&amp;#34;(?:\\[PUNCTUATION]|[^&amp;#34;\x00])*&amp;#34;`. The two alternatives inside `(A|B)*` overlap: a backslash followed by a punctuation character (e.g. `\!`) can be matched by **either** branch — as a 2-character escaped-punctuation sequence `\\!`, or as two individual `[^&amp;#34;\x00]` characters (`\` then `!`). The same ambiguity exists in the single-quoted title branch.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When the input contains repeated `\!` pairs with no closing `&amp;#34;`, the regex engine exhaustively backtracks through all 2^N combinations, resulting in **exponential O(2^N) time complexity**.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is reachable through normal Markdown parsing via two code paths:
1. **Inline links**: `[text](url &amp;#34;PAYLOAD)` → [`parse_link()`](https://github.com/lepture/mistune/blob/df23edd60b43b6…&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; PyPI: mistune&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### Summary&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A ReDoS (Regular Expression Denial of Service) vulnerability in `LINK_TITLE_RE` allows an attacker who can supply Markdown for parsing to cause denial of service. A crafted 58-byte Markdown document blocks the parser for approximately 6 seconds (measured on Apple M2, Python 3.14.3), with exponential growth per additional byte pair.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### Details&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The vulnerable regex is defined in [`src/mistune/helpers.py#L20-L25`](https://github.com/lepture/mistune/blob/df23edd60b43b639d2e6760ef9dd3d618aa11c21/src/mistune/helpers.py#L20-L25):&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;```python
LINK_TITLE_RE = re.compile(
    r&amp;#34;[ \t\n]+(&amp;#34;
    r&amp;#39;&amp;#34;(?:\\&amp;#39; + PUNCTUATION + r&amp;#39;|[^&amp;#34;\x00])*&amp;#34;|&amp;#39;  # &amp;#34;title&amp;#34;
    r&amp;#34;&amp;#39;(?:\\&amp;#34; + PUNCTUATION + r&amp;#34;|[^&amp;#39;\x00])*&amp;#39;&amp;#34;   # &amp;#39;title&amp;#39;
    r&amp;#34;)&amp;#34;
)
```&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The double-quote branch compiles to `&amp;#34;(?:\\[PUNCTUATION]|[^&amp;#34;\x00])*&amp;#34;`. The two alternatives inside `(A|B)*` overlap: a backslash followed by a punctuation character (e.g. `\!`) can be matched by **either** branch — as a 2-character escaped-punctuation sequence `\\!`, or as two individual `[^&amp;#34;\x00]` characters (`\` then `!`). The same ambiguity exists in the single-quoted title branch.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When the input contains repeated `\!` pairs with no closing `&amp;#34;`, the regex engine exhaustively backtracks through all 2^N combinations, resulting in **exponential O(2^N) time complexity**.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is reachable through normal Markdown parsing via two code paths:
1. **Inline links**: `[text](url &amp;#34;PAYLOAD)` → [`parse_link()`](https://github.com/lepture/mistune/blob/df23edd60b43b6…&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
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