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    <title>Most recent entries from all</title>
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      <title>CVE-2026-45363 — `jwt` (Ruby gem) - empty-key HMAC bypass</title>
      <link>https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/cve-2026-45363</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; jwt ruby-jwt&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, &amp;#39;&amp;#39;, true, algorithm: &amp;#39;HS256&amp;#39;) accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest(&amp;#39;SHA256&amp;#39;, &amp;#39;&amp;#39;, payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; jwt ruby-jwt&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, &amp;#39;&amp;#39;, true, algorithm: &amp;#39;HS256&amp;#39;) accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest(&amp;#39;SHA256&amp;#39;, &amp;#39;&amp;#39;, payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0.&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
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