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    <lastBuildDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2026 21:27:37 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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      <title>CVE-2021-47635 — ubifs: Fix to add refcount once page is set private</title>
      <link>https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/cve-2021-47635</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; Linux&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ubifs: Fix to add refcount once page is set private&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MM defined the rule [1] very clearly that once page was set with PG_private
flag, we should increment the refcount in that page, also main flows like
pageout(), migrate_page() will assume there is one additional page
reference count if page_has_private() returns true. Otherwise, we may
get a BUG in page migration:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;page:0000000080d05b9d refcount:-1 mapcount:0 mapping:000000005f4d82a8
  index:0xe2 pfn:0x14c12
  aops:ubifs_file_address_operations [ubifs] ino:8f1 dentry name:&amp;#34;f30e&amp;#34;
  flags: 0x1fffff80002405(locked|uptodate|owner_priv_1|private|node=0|
  zone=1|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)
  page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_count(page) != 0)
  ------------[ cut here ]------------
  kernel BUG at include/linux/page_ref.h:184!
  invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
  CPU: 3 PID: 38 Comm: kcompactd0 Not tainted 5.15.0-rc5
  RIP: 0010:migrate_page_move_mapping+0xac3/0xe70
  Call Trace:
    ubifs_migrate_page+0x22/0xc0 [ubifs]
    move_to_new_page+0xb4/0x600
    migrate_pages+0x1523/0x1cc0
    compact_zone+0x8c5/0x14b0
    kcompactd+0x2bc/0x560
    kthread+0x18c/0x1e0
    ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Before the time, we should make clean a concept, what does refcount means
in page gotten from grab_cache_page_write_begin(). There are 2 situations:
Situation 1: refcount is 3, page is created by __page_cache_alloc.
  TYPE_A - the write process is using this page
  TYPE_B - pa…&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; Linux&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ubifs: Fix to add refcount once page is set private&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MM defined the rule [1] very clearly that once page was set with PG_private
flag, we should increment the refcount in that page, also main flows like
pageout(), migrate_page() will assume there is one additional page
reference count if page_has_private() returns true. Otherwise, we may
get a BUG in page migration:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;page:0000000080d05b9d refcount:-1 mapcount:0 mapping:000000005f4d82a8
  index:0xe2 pfn:0x14c12
  aops:ubifs_file_address_operations [ubifs] ino:8f1 dentry name:&amp;#34;f30e&amp;#34;
  flags: 0x1fffff80002405(locked|uptodate|owner_priv_1|private|node=0|
  zone=1|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)
  page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_count(page) != 0)
  ------------[ cut here ]------------
  kernel BUG at include/linux/page_ref.h:184!
  invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
  CPU: 3 PID: 38 Comm: kcompactd0 Not tainted 5.15.0-rc5
  RIP: 0010:migrate_page_move_mapping+0xac3/0xe70
  Call Trace:
    ubifs_migrate_page+0x22/0xc0 [ubifs]
    move_to_new_page+0xb4/0x600
    migrate_pages+0x1523/0x1cc0
    compact_zone+0x8c5/0x14b0
    kcompactd+0x2bc/0x560
    kthread+0x18c/0x1e0
    ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Before the time, we should make clean a concept, what does refcount means
in page gotten from grab_cache_page_write_begin(). There are 2 situations:
Situation 1: refcount is 3, page is created by __page_cache_alloc.
  TYPE_A - the write process is using this page
  TYPE_B - pa…&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/cve-2021-47635</guid>
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