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  <updated>2026-10-01T00:23:54.373745+00:00</updated>
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    <email>info@circl.lu</email>
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  <entry>
    <id>https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/ghsa-p77w-8qqv-26rm</id>
    <title>GHSA-p77w-8qqv-26rm — Hono's Cache Middleware ignores Vary: Authorization / Vary: Cookie leading to cross-user cache leakage</title>
    <updated>2026-10-01T00:23:54.938418+00:00</updated>
    <content type="xhtml">
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p><strong>Affected:</strong> npm: hono</p>
<p>### Summary</p>
<p>Cache Middleware does not skip caching for responses that declare per-user variance via `Vary: Authorization` or `Vary: Cookie`. As a result, a response cached for one authenticated user may be served to subsequent requests from different users.</p>
<p>### Details</p>
<p>The Cache Middleware skips caching when a response carries `Vary: *`, certain `Cache-Control` directives (`private`, `no-store`, `no-cache`), or `Set-Cookie`. However, `Vary: Authorization` and `Vary: Cookie` — the standard signals defined in RFC 9110 / RFC 9111 to indicate per-user responses — are not treated as cache-skip reasons.</p>
<p>This issue arises when applications use the Cache Middleware on endpoints that return user-specific data and rely on `Vary: Authorization` or `Vary: Cookie` to scope the response per user, without also setting `Cache-Control: private`.</p>
<p>### Impact</p>
<p>A user may receive a cached response that was originally generated for a different authenticated user. This may lead to:</p>
<p>- Disclosure of personally identifiable information or other user-specific data present in the response body
- Inconsistent or incorrect behavior in user-specific endpoints</p>
<p>This issue affects applications that use the Cache Middleware on endpoints whose responses vary by `Authorization` or `Cookie` and that do not also set `Cache-Control: private`.</p></div>
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    <link href="https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/ghsa-p77w-8qqv-26rm"/>
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